QCD手征相变中的π介子增强(英文)

讨论了在LHC的Pb-Pb碰撞过程中,如果QGP SU(2)手征相变出现二级相变,那么系统将会有π弦产生,并且π弦最终将衰变为π介子。于是以上效应将导致在低动量区域（p~150—400 MeV）内的π介子增强。对应于不同的冷却温度T_f=130,120,110 MeV,产生于π弦衰变的π介子的数量分别是Nt≈270,150, 60. It is pointed out that if the QGP SU(2) chiral phase transition in the LHC Pb Pb collision process is taken place and the phase transition is in the second order, then pion strings will be formed, and decay. These phenomena lead to the pion enhancement in the low momentum region(p150—400 MeV) and the number of pions produced from pion string decay can be estimated about Nt≈270, 150, 60 for different freeze temperature Tf=130, 120, 110 MeV respectively.     

重离子碰撞中K介子和π介子产生的统一动力学模拟

用RVUU模型统一地研究了重离子碰撞中产生的K介子和π介子的动力学过程.考虑了K产生和输运过程的介质效应,同时,计入了π在核物质中的传播.用它模拟了每核子1GeV入射能量的重离子碰撞中π产生和阈下K产生过程.讨论了核介质效应对π末态性质的影响,以及对K末态性质的联带影响.计算结果表明,吸引的π光学势,影响了末态π动量分布,使横动量分布中具有小动量的π产额增大,同时明显增大了K的产额,改变了K的动量分布.这说明要合理地评价重离子碰撞的探测信息,需要统一地研究K和π的这些末态动力学作用.     

兰州CSR能区238U238U碰撞椭圆流模拟研究

用相对论输运模型模拟了束流动能为520MeV/u的²³⁸U＋²³⁸U碰撞实验. 研究了在两种极端对撞方位的UU碰撞中, 末态核子和π介子椭圆流v₂与碰撞参数、快度以及横动量的依赖关系. 研究表明, 由于挤压(squeeze-out)效应, 末态核子和π具有负的椭圆流; 体-体UU中心碰撞事件具有最大初始坐标空间形变, 因而具有最大的负的椭圆流, 约12%; 在最小无偏事件样本下, 体-体和头-头碰撞, 中央快度平台上的核子椭圆流大小相当, 而前者π椭圆流略大于后者; 在中央快度平台, 低横动量核子和π主要由反应后期Δ衰变得到, 而高横动量主要是参与核子再散射生成, 因而在低横动量区它们具有相似的流, 而在较高横动量区(>0.3GeV/c)由于旁观核子的再散射和吸收效应, 它们的椭圆流有明显压低.     

相对论重离子碰撞中π对相对动量分布

在π源动量分布的高斯分布下,给出了相对论重离子碰撞中非关联π对和关联π对的相对动量分布.用关联π对的相对动量分布得到球形高斯分布π源参数与椭球形高斯分布π源参数的解析关系,与相对论重离子中心碰撞1.8A GeV Ar+Pb的实验结果进行了对比.当π源温度更高时,应当用p₁(p)=N·exp(–m2+p2/T)进行计算.     

自旋与手征动力学的输运模拟研究

自旋相关的物理是多个研究领域的热门课题。核子和夸克都是自旋为1/2的费米子，在非对心重离子碰撞中受到自旋-轨道相互作用以及磁场的影响，会产生有趣的自旋动力学，特别是在垂直于反应平面方向上会出现自旋极化。在相对论重离子碰撞中，由于产生了极端的高温高密环境，夸克可以近似看作无质量粒子，此时自旋动力学过渡为手征动力学。在外界电磁场、涡旋场作用下以及在电荷与手征荷不对称的条件下，会产生一系列手征反常效应。本文介绍我们课题组基于输运模拟在自旋与手征动力学方面开展的一系列研究工作，包括中能重离子碰撞及相对论重离子碰撞中粒子的自旋极化、理想体系及相对论重离子碰撞中的手征磁波等。     

中能重离子碰撞动力学过程中的介质效应

本文对BUU方程碰撞项中的核子-核子碰撞截面分别采用有介质和无介质两种情况下的数据,系统地计算了重离子碰撞中介质效应对于集体流的影响.从有介质核碰撞截面和无介质核子碰撞截面随入射核子能量变化的规律合理地解释了介质效应对重离子碰撞横动量,流角等物理量的明显影响.分析这些影响可以看出在该能区和只考虑核子-核子弹性碰撞,π产生和π吸收的情况下介质效应与核物质状态方程的密切关系.     

中高能重离子碰撞中的电磁场效应和手征反常现象

重离子碰撞可以产生极强的电磁场和高温高密量子色动力学(QCD)物质,诱导很多重要手征反常现象,例如手征磁效应和手征磁波.本文围绕手征反常现象中的诸多物理要素,详细介绍包括相对论重离子碰撞中不同碰撞系统和能量下的电磁场特性、同质异位素碰撞中寻找手征磁效应、手征磁波特性、中低能重离子碰撞中磁场效应等一系列与电磁场和手征反常现象相关的理论研究成果.相关研究有助于实验中寻找强相互作用中的电荷宇称(CP)破缺的证据,加深对QCD真空涨落和宇宙中正反物质不对称问题的理解.     

相对论性重离子碰撞中负粒子的横动量和赝快度分布

基于三火球模型和强子共振态衰变图象,得到了相对论性重离子碰撞中负粒子的横动量和赝快度分布,并与200和60GeV/N ¹⁶O与An相互作用的有关实验结果作了比较.     

计及多π关联效应的小相对动量区域2π干涉学

给出了相对论重离子碰撞中在关联nπ和非关联nπ的选取中存在多π关联效应时nπ关联函数的一般表达式.用这一表达式研究了计及多π关联效应的小相对动量区域2π干涉学,得到了从3π干涉学分析得到的π源参数与计及多π关联效应后,从2π干涉学分析得到的π源参数的解析关系,与相对论重离子中心碰撞1.?8A?GeV?Ar+?Pb的实验结果进行了对比.     

高能重离子碰撞中相对论α粒子的双温度发射

本工作利用核乳胶作为靶和探测器, 研究了入射能量超过1A GeV的重离子同乳胶核相互作用时α碎片的发射. 实验测量结果的分析表明, 在高能重离子碰撞过程中, 相对论α粒子的横动量分布给出一个"双有效温度"的特征. 这个特征可能成为判断出现由强子物质向夸克物质相变的一种新的信号.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.