圆管内潜热型功能流体对流换热的实验研究

本文实验研究了由正十四烷和尿素甲醛树脂制成的相变微胶囊和水混合组成的潜热型功能流体流过等热流圆管时的对流换热特性。相变微胶囊的加入可以显著增强流体与壁面间的对流换热,显著降低壁面温度和流体温度;在融化段对流换热系数呈增加分布,流体和壁面温度各自基本稳定在相应的温度值。强化对流换热的效果主要在融化段,并随流体中相变微胶囊浓度的增大而增强,也随R-eynolds数的增大而增强。     

潜热型热功能流体强化换热分析

本文建立了分析带有相变微胶囊的潜热型热功能流体的流动和换热过程数理模型,应用有限差分法和移动热源法进行联合求解。计算结果表明,相变微胶囊的加入:较好地提高了流体的换热性能。获得了相变颗粒大小和体积分数对强化换热影响等结果。计算结果对该类流体的设计和应用提供了理论依据。     

磁性流体的法拉第旋转

介绍了磁性流体拉法第旋转的形成原因，影响因素及数学模型，结果表明，磁性流本中磁性粒子磁场中成链状结构的链长度对拉法第旋转的形成起决定作用，磁场强度，磁性流体饱和磁化强度，样品池厚度，光波长及温度等都具有一定作用。     

外磁场作用下磁流体的对流换热特性

实验研究了外加磁场作用下水基磁流体的对流换热特性,分别测量了均匀磁场和梯度磁场条件下磁流体横掠加热细丝的对流换热系数,分析了外加磁场强度和方向对磁流体传热性能的影响.实验结果表明,外加磁场是影响磁流体对流换热的一个重要因素,应用外加磁场可以控制磁流体对流换热过程.     

微针肋内潜热型功能热流体换热特性研究

引入潜热型功能热流体替换现有传统工质冷却大功率激光器,实验研究了潜热型功能热流体与传统工质去离子水在高4 mm、宽2 mm、间距1 mm的微针肋内的层流流动换热特性。结果表明:在雷诺数Re为625~1125范围内,潜热型功能热流体均表现出比水更好的冷却性能及更低的壁面温度,且存在最佳的质量分数值;相同工况下,潜热型功能热流体平均努谢尔数Nu大于去离子水,平均努谢尔数Nu随着雷诺数Re的增加而增加。拟合了平均努谢尔数与流体雷诺数、普朗特数、质量分数的经验的关系式,最大偏差为16.9%,可以较好反映潜热型功能热流体的换热特性;潜热型功能热流体沿着流动长度的方向存在一个稳定的局部换热强化区,且强化换热存在最佳的长度。     

封闭方腔热磁对流强化换热的实验研究

自然对流是由非保守体积力驱动的流体流动,这种体积力可以是重力、离心力以及电磁场力等;通过外加梯度磁场来影响流体的流动,产生强化换热效果的方法是一种新型的强化技术．本文利用永磁体产生0．3 g左右的加速度,采用马赫干涉仪对封闭方腔内空气的热磁对流的强化换热现象进行了实验研究,得到了温度场的干涉图像,并与理论模拟结果进行了比较,发现磁场对空气的自然对流换热有一定的强化作用．     

磁性液体薄膜的折射率在外加磁场作用下的变化特性研究

用两块玻璃夹持一层几个μm厚的磁性液体薄膜.将这一磁性液体薄膜垂直放置于由亥姆霍兹线圈建立的均匀磁场中.在迈克尔孙干涉仪上用对比测量法测量在不同外加磁场强度作用下磁性液体薄膜的折射率.实验发现, 磁性液体薄膜的折射率随外加磁场强度的变化而变化.结合实验研究, 提出了外加磁场改变了磁性液体颗粒链的大小, 改变了磁性颗粒链的大小和入射光波波长的比值, 从而改变了磁性液体的折射率的设想.初步建立起了磁性液体薄膜的折射率和外加磁场强度之间的关联式.为磁场测量、光学阀门等新型磁光器件的开发提供了新的技术.     

含相变微粒流体热对流启动的Galerkin解

采用Bubnov-Galerkin方法对有恒壁温条件下,两平板间夹有含相变颗粒流体的自然对流热启动瑞利数进行了近似解析求解,求出了临界瑞利数Racr和波频数kcr随相变物质浓度,以及在相变温度范围内随加热表面温度的解析关系表达式.从而,为实现该类功能性潜热流体的自然对流传热强化,及其优化控制蓄热过程有理论指导意义.     

磁性流体薄片高电压电流光学测量的研究

研究一种用磁性流体薄片对高压电流进行光学测量的电流传感器。设计原理基于磁性流体的光透射率随垂直磁场强度的变化而变化的关系。磁性流体受到垂直外磁场作用,原先无序的磁性颗粒将凝聚在一起形成条条磁链,从而引起磁性流体的光透射率的变化。采用磁性流体作为传感媒介设计的传感结构避免了基于法拉第效应的光磁式电流互感器对环境干扰敏感造成信噪比不高和传统的电磁式电流互感器的高压绝缘的缺陷。通过改变磁性流体的浓度和基液,或者改变传感头的结构,来达到实际需要的传感灵敏度和响应时间。     

等热流条件下潜热型功能热流体换热强化机理研究

本文分析了潜热型功能热流体强化换热的物理机制，并基于等效比热模型，对等热流条件下圆管内该类流体层流流动换热强化的各因素进行了敏感性分析．同时，改进了内部流动传统的Ｎμ定义，使之能更有效地表征功能热流体换热强化程度     

Effect of Heating Position on Thermal Energy Storage in Cavity With/Without Open-cell Metallic Foams

Thermal energy storage systems inherently store heat at different heating positions. In other words, the heat storage performance changes depending on the heating positions. In this study, the effects of the heating surface position and reinforcement of the open-cell metal foam on the phase change material melting fraction were experimentally investigated. For this purpose, a small-scale rectangular cube was made of plexiglass having a volume of 274 cm³. One of the surfaces of the cube was heated with a constant heat flux, whereas other surfaces were isolated from the room temperature in the environment. Three different constant heat fluxes were applied on the bottom, top, and side surfaces of the cube in the experiments. Paraffin (n-heptacosane), with a phase change point at 59°C–61°C and as phase change material with a rapid heat charge/discharge, was used in the thermal energy storage system. Depending on the heating position and surface heat flux, it was observed that the effect of natural convection significantly increased within the liquid phase change material. Additionally, the results indicate that the presence of metal foams can enhance the heat transfer rate of phase change materials. According to the sensitivity analysis, the effect of independent parameters on the melting ratio of the phase change material was listed in order of importance as time, surface heat flux, heating position, and metallic foam.     

Monte Carlo simulations of magnetic particle suspensions with a simple assessment method for the particle overlap between magnetic spheroids

We have developed a simple assessment method for the overlap between spheroidal particles, which neither requires the complex manipulation of vectors and matrices that is indispensable in the ordinary methods, nor is based on a model potential. Moreover, we have developed an evaluation method for the interaction energy arising from the overlap of the steric layer coating spheroidal particles. This is based on a sphere-connected particle model, but some modifications are introduced in order to express an appropriate repulsive interaction energy at the deepest overlapping position. We have investigated the phase change in a magnetic spheroidal particle suspension for a two-dimensional system by means of Monte Carlo simulations. In the case of no external magnetic field, if the magnetic particle-particle interaction is sufficiently strong to favour cluster formation, long raft-like clusters tend to be formed in a dilute situation. With decreasing values of area fraction, a chain-like structure in a dense situation transforms into a raft-like structure within a narrow range of the particle area fraction. Similarly, the raft-like clusters are preferred in a weak applied magnetic field, but an increase in the field strength induces a phase change from a raft-like into a chain-like structure.

Highlights of the present paper:

1. A simple assessment method has been proposed for the overlap between two spheroidal particles.

2. The particle overlap assessment is free from a complex mathematical manipulation regarding vectors and matrices.

3. A modified sphere-connected model has been proposed in order to more accurately evaluate a repulsive interaction due to the overlap of the steric layers coating spheroidal particles.

4. 2D Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to elucidate the phenomenon of a phase change by magnetic spheroidal particles on a material plane surface.

5. A phase change between a raft-like and a chain-like aggregate structure is able to be controlled by the area fraction of particles and an external magnetic field.

     

Experimental Investigations on Latent Heat Storage Unit using Paraffin Wax as Phase Change Material

Thermal performance of a latent heat storage unit is evaluated experimentally. The latent heat thermal energy storage system analyzed in this work is a shell-and-tube type of heat exchanger using paraffin wax (melting point between 58°C and 60°C) as the phase change material. The temperature distribution in the phase change material is measured with time. The influence of mass flow rate and inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid on heat fraction is examined for both the melting and solidification processes. The mass flow rate of heat transfer fluid (water) is varied in the range of 0.0167 kg/s to 0.0833 kg/s (1 kg/min to 5 kg/min), and the fluid inlet temperature is varied between 75°C and 85°C. The experimental results indicate that the total melting time of the phase change material increases as the mass flow rate and inlet temperature of heat transfer fluid decrease. The fluid inlet temperature influences the heat fraction considerably as compared to the mass flow rate of heat transfer fluid during the melting process of the phase change material.     

相变微胶囊功能流体融化状态的数值模拟

本文用双流体模型模拟相变微胶囊(MCPCM)功能流体在大通道层流流动中的融化状态.MCPCM功能流体的入口条件和边界条件类型是影响MCPCM在管道中沿程融化率和融化速率的两个重要的决定因素.本文给出了恒壁温和恒热流两类边界条件下,不同入口条件时,MCPCM截面平均融化率和融化速率沿管道方向的变化趋势.提出了利用MCPCM的融化率与温度场的关系,通过管道截面的平均温度和截面温度场估算MCPCM截面平均融化率的思路.     

磁场对二元合金凝固过程中糊状层稳定性的影响

利用线性稳定性方法研究了外加磁场对二元合金凝固过程中糊状层稳定性的影响,且模型同时考虑了温度场、浓度场和流动的耦合作用.利用计算得出的色散关系式分析了磁场对糊状层稳定性的影响,其中包括直接模式和振荡模式.给出了不同情况下外加磁场对糊状层稳定性的影响,发现磁洛伦兹力可以减小由浮力引起的失稳效应.振荡模式下外加磁场对糊状层产生稳定作用,但直接模式下外加磁场对糊状层的稳定作用具有不确定性.本文所给出结果为工业中利用外加磁场改善产品的质量提供了重要的理论参考.     

Magnetocaloric and barocaloric effects in a Gd5Si2Ge2 compound

The first-order phase transition in Gd5Si2Ge2 is sensitive to both magnetic field and pressure.It may indicate that the influences of the magnetic field and the pressure on the phase transition are virtually equivalent.Moreover,theoretical analyses reveal that the total entropy change is almost definite at a certain Curie temperature no matter whether the applied external field is a magnetic field or a pressure.The entropy change curve can be broadened dramatically under pressure,and the refrigerant capacity is improved from 284.7 J/kg to 447.0 J/kg.     

Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect in compound PrFe12B6

Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect of compound PrFe 12 B 6 are investigated.The coexistence of hard phase PrFe 12 B 6 and soft phase α-Fe causes interesting phenomena on the curves for the temperature dependence of magnetization.PrFe 12 B 6 experiences a first order phase transition at the Curie temperature 200 K,accompanied by an obvious lattice contraction,which in turn results in a large magnetic entropy change.The Maxwell relation fails to give the correct information about magnetic entropy change due to the first order phase transition nature.The large magnetic entropy changes of PrFe 12.3 B 4.7 obtained from heat capacity method are 11.7 and 16.2 J/kg.K for magnetic field changes of 0-2 T and 0-5 T respectively.     

微结构表面封闭式喷雾冷却传热特性

以蒸馏水为工质,在闭式循环喷雾冷却系统上,变化喷雾流量,研究了表面几何结构对喷雾传热性能的影响。从对流换热和相变换热比例关系的角度,对喷雾换热机理进行了实验研究。结果表明:与光滑表面相比,微结构表面可明显增强喷雾换热强度,这主要归因于相变换热的增强。表面温度较低时,直肋面换热效果最好 ;增大流量,光面换热增强,而直肋面变化不明显。表面温度较高时,方肋面换热效果最好;随着流量增大,所有面换热均增强。对于微结构表面,相变换热份额均大于50%,故而以相变换热为主;而光滑表面,即使在温度较低时,相变换热份额也大于20%。临界热流密度与三相接触线长度正相关,流量为15.9 mL/min时,方肋面、直肋面和光面的临界热流密度依次为159.1,120.2,109.8 W/cm2,蒸发效率分别为96.0%,72.5%,67.1%。     

方腔内相变材料固液相变传热研究

基于相变材料(PCM,phase change material)的相变储能设备具有储能密度高的特点。本文建立了基于相变储能元件伪焓模型的固液相变格子Boltzmann模型,研究了内部管道位置、方腔倾斜角度对PCM融化过程的影响规律。结果表明,在内管道靠近方腔上部时,由于上部界面(固液相变界面或上壁面)对自然对流阻碍作用,使PCM的融化速率减慢。但是,在此时使方腔发生倾斜,会改变管道热流体到上部界面的距离,强化PCM的热质传递过程,使融化加快。     

Coupled flow and heat transfer of power-law nanofluids on non-isothermal rough rotary disk subjected to magnetic field

We study the coupled flow and heat transfer of power-law nanofluids on a non-isothermal rough rotating disk subjected to a magnetic field. The problem is formulated in terms of specified curvilinear orthogonal coordinate system. An improved BVP4C algorithm is proposed, and numerical solutions are obtained. The influence of volume fraction, types and shapes of nanoparticles, magnetic field and power-law index on the flow, and heat transfer behavior are discussed. The obtained results show that the power-law exponents (PLE), nanoparticle volume fraction (NVF), and magnetic field inclination angle (MFIA) have almost no effects on velocities in the wave surface direction, but have small or significant effects on the azimuth direction. The NVF has remarkable influences on local Nusselt number (LNN) and friction coefficients (FC) in the radial direction and the azimuth direction (AD). The LNN increases with NVF increasing while FC in AD decreases. The types of nanoparticles, magnetic field strength, and inclination have small effects on LNN, but they have remarkable influences on the friction coefficients with positively correlated heat transfer rate, while the inclination is negatively correlated with heat transfer rate. The size of the nanoparticle shape factor is positively correlated with LNN.