带扰流微细槽道冷却系统的实验研究

 针对高热流密度器件的散热问题,设计了有扰流微细槽道散热器。采用去离子水为工作介质,对其内流动和换热特性进行实验研究,结果表明：流体流过槽道时单位长度压降与雷诺数成正比,扰流对槽道内压降特性影响较小;存在最佳的雷诺数使有无扰流情况下槽道内换热努谢尔特数差别最大,并拟合了不同情况下努谢尔特数和雷诺数的关系式;采用进口段无量纲加热长度分析发现,扰流导致流体的热进口段长度增加;分析压降和进口热阻特性可以发现,在槽道长度一定时存在最佳流速使带扰流的微槽道的性能最佳。     

微针肋槽道内去离子水换热特性

设计了槽肋比为1:2和2:1的矩形大长宽比微针肋散热器,并实验研究了去离子水在其内的流动换热性能。结果表明:当进口温度为40 ℃、微针肋槽道在雷诺数小于650、最高壁面温度低于77 ℃时,单位面积散热量可达21.32 W/cm2。当雷诺数一定时,同一个槽道壁面温度沿着流动方向不断增加、同一个位置壁面温度随着加热功率的增加而增大,局部努谢尔数沿着流动方向先减小后逐渐增加并趋于定值。当针肋流动换热长度较长时,其入口效应可以忽略,槽道平均努谢尔数随着雷诺数的增大而增大,与加热功率无关;为了更好地表达微针肋槽道内的换热特性,考虑了槽肋比、流动雷诺数等影响,拟合了去离子水在微针肋槽道内的对流换热关系式。     

等热流条件下潜热型功能热流体换热强化机理研究

本文分析了潜热型功能热流体强化换热的物理机制，并基于等效比热模型，对等热流条件下圆管内该类流体层流流动换热强化的各因素进行了敏感性分析．同时，改进了内部流动传统的Ｎμ定义，使之能更有效地表征功能热流体换热强化程度     

流体横掠圆形微针肋热沉流动与传热特性

本文以去离子水为冷却工质,对流体横掠当量直径为90～200 μm的圆形微针肋阵列热沉的流动与传热特性进行了实验研究.实验数据显示:对于叉排实验件热沉,摩擦阻力系数对雷诺数的依变关系在Re=100前后发生转变;端壁效应、高径比和布置方式对摩擦阻力系数有很大影响;努塞尔特数随雷诺数的增大显著增大,其依变关系在双对数坐标下呈现较好的线性关系.     

多尺度分形柱群的绕流换热特性研究

采用有限体积法,对多尺度分形柱群结构的流动换热进行了二维瞬态数值模拟。本文针对呈Sierpinski地毯配置,详细研究了多尺度分形柱群结构和均匀圆柱群内的流动换热,并做了比较分析,研究表明:在分形结构中,流体流动流线呈现弯曲和自相似的特征。分形圆柱群与方柱群的系统努谢尔数随雷诺数的变化趋势基本类似,但是分形圆柱群换热性能较好。同时将分形柱群系统努谢尔数拟合为雷诺数的幂函数,结果显示,随着分形柱群级数增加,雷诺数的指数逐渐增大。四级分形柱群的努谢尔数与雷诺数近似成线性关系。本文的研究可帮助进一步了解多尺度中换热的机理。     

流体横掠方形微针肋阵列热沉的传热特性

本文以去离子水为冷却工质,对流体横向冲刷方形微针肋阵列热沉的传热特性进行了实验研究.结果表明流体横掠微针肋热沉具有优越的换热特性.实验得出,冷却液的雷诺数对热沉的换热性能影响显著;总热阻随着泵功的增大而降低;对流换热热阻在总热阻中所占比例较小,流体吸热焓变热阻成为影响热沉性能的主导因素.     

微圆管内液体流动与换热特性的实验研究

以去离子水作为工质,在当量直径300-1570μm的微圆管(1cr18Ni9Ti)内进行层流流动与换热特性的实验研究。实验结果表明当壁面粗糙度超过1％时摩擦系数随着壁面相对粗糙度的增加而增加。在给定外壁面热流密度的条件下,当雷诺数小于100时,管壁轴向导热对换热特性的影响随着壁厚与内径比的增加而增大;当雷诺数大于100时,轴向导热的影响随着雷诺数的增加逐渐减弱,充分发展区的Nu数接近常规值4．36。     

低温板翅式换热器仿真边界条件的设定

采用数值模拟的方法,研究锯齿形板翅式换热器在给定壁温、给定热流密度、冷热流体逆流布置和沿壁面长度方向变壁温这四种边界条件的传热特性,得到了在雷诺数为169、415、2725和4095的低压路氦气流动中,不同边界条件下翅片通道的局部努赛尔数沿无量纲高度方向上的分布。结果表明:对于相同Re数下,给定热流密度条件下的壁面温度分布趋势与实际工况下逆流布置时最为接近,其中间位置处局部Nu数沿无量纲高度方向上的变化曲线最为逼近,且计算得到的传热因子j值也最为贴近,所以,仿真时采用定热流边界条件能更好地真实模拟冷热流体逆流换热时的情况。     

多孔扁管内单相对流换热特性的实验研究

对水力直径为0.715 mm的方孔及0.86 mm的圆孔多孔扁管内液相流体对流换热特性进行了实验研究,Re数范围为50~2300,入口温度为5~45℃,加热热流密度为3~9 kW/m~2。实验结果表明,对流换热在Re=2000附近发生过渡;入口段效应明显;在Re数较小时,Nu数明显小于充分发展流动的预测值;热流密度越大、入口温度越高,对流换热强度越低。两种管型扁管的实验值变化趋势一致,但圆孔Nu数高于方孔。基于尺度效应的影响及经典层流换热理论对实验结果进行了修正。     

开式单喷嘴喷雾冷却均匀性实验研究

针对高热流密度激光介质高效散热与均匀冷却技术需求，设计并搭建了以去离子水为冷却工质的开式单喷嘴喷雾冷却实验平台，实验研究获得了不同热流密度（16～110 W/cm2）、不同冷却工质流量（200～300 mL/min）以及不同喷雾高度（15～25 mm）下单相喷雾冷却换热系数及其冷却均匀性效果。结果表明:该实验工况下，不同热流密度条件下喷雾高度及工质流量对于单相喷雾冷却换热效率及温度均匀性影响显著；喷雾高度15 mm、工质流量200 mL/min时获得最大对流换热系数为5.93 W/（cm2·K）；喷雾高度15 mm、工质流量250 mL/min时面积20 mm×20 mm的热源表面温度均匀性最佳可优于0.6 ℃。     

微方肋冷却系统的换热特性

采用去离子水为冷却介质,对自行设计的不同结构微方肋散热器内的换热特性进行实验研究,结果表明:在进口温度为20 ℃、进口流量为57.225 L/h、底面平均温度为73.4 ℃时,散热器散热量可达2.83106 W/cm2,可以满足当前高热流密度散热需求;当散热面温度一定时,散热量随着散热器进口流量的增加而增加,但增速随散热器底面温度的增加变缓;努谢尔特数随雷诺数的增加而成幂次方增加,常规针肋结构和微针肋结构换热关系式不满足微方肋散热器特性。为了更好地表达微方肋散热器内的换热特性,拟合了微方肋散热器内对流换热关系式。     

微通道-微槽群中间换热器特性实验研究

 对用于固体激光介质冷却的组合式中间换热器的流动与传热特性进行了实验研究。实验研究结果表明：努塞尔数随雷诺数的增加而增加，总热阻随微通道侧蒸馏水流量的增加而减小，总换热量随微通道侧蒸馏水流量的增加而增加，且换热器的传热系数可以达到1.5×104 W/(m²·K)，总热阻小于0.3 K/W，能较好地解决当前固体激光介质冷却系统中间换热器所存在的问题。     

Experimental studies on natural convection of water in a closed-loop vertical annulus

Experimental studies on heat transfer and fluid flow of water in a vertical annulus, circulating through a cold leg forming a closed loop thermo-siphon, have been carried out in this article. The annulus has a radius ratio (outer radius to inner radius) of 1.184 and aspect ratio (length to annular gap) equal to 352. The experiments were conducted for constant heat fluxes of 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15 kW/m². Transient behavior during the heat-up period of the system until the steady-state condition is attained and discussed. Variation in the heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number along the annulus height represent the developing boundary layer at the entrance and fully developed flow in the remaining length. A large drop in the differential pressure is experienced when the liquid is circulated through the flow meters, which restrict the flow due to their very small passages. Flow restriction causes mass accumulation and rise of pressure at the exit of the annulus. It also causes a decrease in liquid head in the cooling leg. An increase in the heat flux leads to an increase in the heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number. As a result of the data analysis correlations for the average Nusselt number, Reynolds number and circulation rate have been developed in terms of the heat flux.     

Experimental Study on Flow and Heat Transfer in a 19.6-μm Microtube

The flow and the heat transfer characteristics in a quartz microtube with an inner diameter of 0.0196 mm are investigated experimentally. Measuring the pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the microtube and the average temperature of the microtube wall heated by steam when the working fluid is distilled water, the corresponding friction factors and Nusselt number are obtained. The experimental results show the friction factors in the microtube exceed those of the Hagen–Poiseuille prediction due to the predominance of the effects of the electrical double layer and the entrance. Also, the experimental Nusselt number is less than the classical laminar at Reynolds number < 500 due to the effect of the variation of the thermophysical properties with the temperature.     

Study of Automatic Transmission Fluid in a Serpentine Minichannel Heat Exchanger: An Experimental Approach

An experimental investigation was conducted on automatic transmission fluid cooling in a minichannel heat exchanger using a closed-loop integrated thermal wind tunnel test facility. Effects of automatic transmission fluid Reynolds number (Re_L) on heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number were examined within the Re_L of 3–30 for air-flow Re of 1,450–5,200. Effects of serpentine on heat transfer enhancement and flow characteristics were evaluated through Dean number analysis. The analysis of Eckert number and Brinkman number showed a contribution to the viscous heating even for a low Re_L in the minichannel. The study showed enhanced heat transfer characterizations of the multi-port minichannel heat exchanger.     

Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger Equipped with Coiled Circular Wires

An experimental investigation has been carried out to study the enhancement in heat transfer coefficient by inserting coiled wire around the outer surface of the inner tube of the double-pipe heat exchanger. Insulated wires, with a circular cross-section of 2 mm diameter, forming a coil of different pitches (p = 6, 12, and 20 mm), were used as turbulators. The investigation is performed for turbulent water flow in a double-pipe heat exchanger with cold water in the annulus space for both parallel and counter flows. The experiments were performed for Reynolds numbers ranging from 4,000 to 14,000. The experimental results reveal that the use of coiled circular wires leads to a considerable increase in heat transfer coefficients compared with a smooth wall tube for both parallel and counter water flows. The mean Nusselt number increases with Reynolds number and pitch. The convective heat transfer coefficient for a turbulent water flow increases for all coiled wire pitches, with the highest enhancement of about 450% for counter flow and 400% for the parallel flow. New correlations for mean relative Nusselt numbers at different coiled wire pitches are provided.     

Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer in Rectangular Microchannel

Numerical simulation of heat transfer in a high aspect ratio rectangular microchannel with heat sinks has been conducted, similar to an experimental study. Three channel heights measuring 0.3 mm, 0.6 mm and 1 mm are considered and the Reynolds number varies from 300 to 2360, based on the hydraulic diameter. Simulation starts with the validation study on the Nusselt number and the Poiseuille number variations along the channel streamwise direction. It is found that the predicted Nusselt number has shown very good agreement with the theoretical estimation, but some discrepancies are noted in the Poiseuille number comparison. This observation however is in consistent with conclusions made by other researchers for the same flow problem. Simulation continues on the evaluation of heat transfer characteristics, namely the friction factor and the thermal resistance. It is found that noticeable scaling effect happens at small channel height of 0.3 mm and the predicted friction factor agrees fairly well with an experimental based correlation. Present simulation further reveals that the thermal resistance is low at small channel height, indicating that the heat transfer performance can be enhanced with the decrease of the channel height.     

高温吸热管内超临界CO2传热特性的数值模拟

研究超临界CO2在高温吸热管内的传热特性是将其应用于聚光太阳能热发电技术中的基础.本文对此进行了数值模拟研究,分析了流体温度、流动方向、系统压力、质量流率和热流密度对对流传热系数和Nu数的影响.结果表明:高温区(800—1050 K)的对流传热系数和Nu数受流动方向和系统压力的影响均很小,但都随着质量流率的增大以及热流密度的减小而明显增大;而随着流体温度的升高,对流传热系数近似线性增大,Nu数则近似线性减小.另外,本文研究发现在高温区可忽略浮升力对传热的影响,而由高热流密度引起的流动加速效应会明显恶化传热.最后,选取了八种管内超临界流体传热关联式与模拟结果进行对比,发现使用基于热物性修正的关联式对高温区传热数据预测的结果优于使用基于无量纲数修正的关联式得到的结果,且其中预测效果最优的关联式得到的计算结果与模拟结果之间的平均绝对相对偏差为8.1%.