水平圆管内磁性潜热型功能流体对流换热特性的数值模拟

建立磁场作用下水平圆管内磁性潜热型功能流体对流换热的数学物理模型,分析磁场强度、磁性相变微胶囊体积分数、流体质量流量等因素对流体对流换热的影响.磁场对磁性潜热型功能流体的对流换热具有显著的强化作用,磁场强度愈大强化作用愈明显,强化原因是磁性相变微胶囊受到磁力作用产生扰动.     

复合肋套管导热和对流耦合换热的数值模拟

在层流范围内,数值模拟了带均布纵肋同心套管内的三维导热和对流耦合换热。结果表明间壁温度沿管长变化 较大且分布呈非线性变化;在通道人口流体内部温度和速度分布呈现层流附面层特征,换热的入口段比例随Re增大而加 大,入口段换热的Nu也随Re增大而加大;换热的Nu随管长增加趋于不变。     

超临界压力CO_2水平管内冷却换热机理研究

采用SSTk-ω模型对冷却条件下超临界压力CO_2在水平管内的对流换热进行了数值研究,分析了流体物性、热流密度、直径以及浮升力等对其在拟临界点附近的流动换热特性的影响,并从场协同的角度分析了超临界压力CO_2的传热机理。结果表明:浮力效应使流体在流动截面上出现温度场不对称和二次流现象;下壁面的对流换热系数比上壁面先达到峰值,但换热系数小于上壁面;增大热流密度对换热系数的影响较小但能够使换热系数的峰值向入口段移动;增大热流密度和增大直径能够增强浮力效应对流体换热特性的影响;场协同原理可以解释同一截面处的换热不均匀现象。     

花岗岩平滑裂隙内超临界CO_2对流换热实验研究

本文对超临界CO_2在高度为0.2 mm的花岗岩平滑裂隙内的对流换热开展了实验研究,分析了岩心裂隙壁面温度、裂隙进出口流体温度、CO_2从岩心吸收的净热量随时间的变化规律,并采用一定的数据处理方法得到花岗岩平滑裂隙充分发展段对流换热的努塞尔数。实验结果表明:CO_2质量流量越大,裂隙壁面温度下降越快,流动方向上壁面温度相差越大,出口流体温度下降越快,能够从裂隙岩心带走的热量越多。超临界CO_2通过高温花岗岩裂隙内层流充分发展段的Nu数基本上为一常数。     

超临界R134a水平圆管内冷却换热模拟研究

采用增强壁面函数的标准k-ε模型对超临界R134a水平圆管内冷却换热进行了模拟研究.分析了管内不同截面上流体温度、速度和湍动能的分布情况及对应关系。研究了质量流量和浮升力对换热系数的影响。结果表明,流体速度随着温度的降低而减小,并且最大速度处对应着最高温度和最小湍动能.换热系数随着质量流量的增加而增大,其峰值出现在准临界温度附近。浮升力在似液体区的影响较大,对流体换热起到增强的效果。     

布朗运动影响下方腔内纳米流体非稳态自然对流的数值研究

对方腔一侧壁面温度随时间按正弦规律变化、充满CuO-水纳米流体的二维方腔内的非稳态自然对流换热进行了数值研究。在相关参数一定的条件下,研究了Ra数、纳米颗粒体积份额φ和纳米颗粒布朗运动对自然对流换热特性的影响。数值模拟结果表明:考虑布朗运动时壁面时均Nu数均大于不考虑布朗运动时的相应值;不考虑布朗运动时,时均Nu数均随φ的增大而增大;而考虑布朗运动时,当Ra数较小时,时均Nu数均随φ的增大而增大,而Ra数较大时,存在有最佳的φ值,可使时均Nu数达到最大值。     

液冷微通道内相变微胶囊的壁面温升抑制特性数值模拟

相变微胶囊悬浮液是一种新型的蓄热-传热功能流体,目前对相变微胶囊与基液流固传递作用认识的欠缺,导致宏观上对悬浮液流动传热性能的研究结果存在较大的差异.为此,本文采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉方法模拟相变微胶囊在液冷微通道内流固作用下的流动传热特性,对比普通颗粒及相变胶囊对液冷微通道壁面温升的抑制作用,考察胶囊位置、形状及数量对壁面温升抑制的影响.结果表明:胶囊及颗粒均对它们上游区域的壁面温升产生抑制作用,而胶囊的相变使得抑制效果更加明显;胶囊越靠近壁面自旋运动越快,越有利于流体与壁面的换热,对壁面温升抑制效果越强,尤其是靠近受热面时;相比椭圆形胶囊,圆形胶囊自旋运动更激烈,对壁面温升抑制效果更优;随着加热区内胶囊数的增加,最大抑制效果在逐渐提升.     

小通道扁管内纳米流体流动与传热特性

建立了测量小通道扁管内纳米流体流动与对流换热性能的实验系统,测量了不同粒子体积份额的水-Cu纳米 流体的管内对流换热系数和摩擦阻力系数,实验结果表明,在相同雷诺数条件下,小通道扁管内纳米流体的对流换热系数 大于纯液体,且随粒子的体积份额的增加而增大,而纳米流体的阻力系数并未明显增大。     

壳管相变蓄热器强化传热实验研究

为了强化相变蓄热器传热性能,本文设计了三种新型壳管相变蓄热器结构,并对其换热性能进行实验研究。结果表明:在蓄热器内部添加分层结构和斜翅片换热性能最高,内部温度达到均匀化的时间随换热单元数增加而增大;换热管道间翅片的添加可有效地强化换热效果,改善蓄热器内部出现的温度严重分层现象,温度分布更加均匀;在研究范围内,换热流体温度的增加可有效提高蓄热器的换热效率,缩短相变时间。     

边界条件局部变化对二维发汗冷却的影响

本文通过对发汗冷却的多孔区域进行二维非热平衡数值模拟,研究了多孔介质区域进口处对流换热系数、冷却剂流量局部降低以及多孔介质受热表面热流密度局部增大对青铜、陶瓷两种不同多孔材料的温度场的影响。计算结果表明,冷却剂在进口处与多孔壁面对流换热系数的增大使多孔介质内部趋向于热平衡;热端壁面对流换热系数、冷却剂流量的局部变化对陶瓷多孔壁面在该局部区域的影响要大于青铜多孔壁面,但青铜多孔壁面受影响的区域更大,而冷却剂流量的局部降低对两种材料固体、流体间温差的影响程度基本一致。     

相变微胶囊功能流体融化状态的数值模拟

本文用双流体模型模拟相变微胶囊(MCPCM)功能流体在大通道层流流动中的融化状态.MCPCM功能流体的入口条件和边界条件类型是影响MCPCM在管道中沿程融化率和融化速率的两个重要的决定因素.本文给出了恒壁温和恒热流两类边界条件下,不同入口条件时,MCPCM截面平均融化率和融化速率沿管道方向的变化趋势.提出了利用MCPCM的融化率与温度场的关系,通过管道截面的平均温度和截面温度场估算MCPCM截面平均融化率的思路.     

Experimental Investigations on Latent Heat Storage Unit using Paraffin Wax as Phase Change Material

Thermal performance of a latent heat storage unit is evaluated experimentally. The latent heat thermal energy storage system analyzed in this work is a shell-and-tube type of heat exchanger using paraffin wax (melting point between 58°C and 60°C) as the phase change material. The temperature distribution in the phase change material is measured with time. The influence of mass flow rate and inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid on heat fraction is examined for both the melting and solidification processes. The mass flow rate of heat transfer fluid (water) is varied in the range of 0.0167 kg/s to 0.0833 kg/s (1 kg/min to 5 kg/min), and the fluid inlet temperature is varied between 75°C and 85°C. The experimental results indicate that the total melting time of the phase change material increases as the mass flow rate and inlet temperature of heat transfer fluid decrease. The fluid inlet temperature influences the heat fraction considerably as compared to the mass flow rate of heat transfer fluid during the melting process of the phase change material.     

小型平板CPL蒸发器耦合计算及优化设计研究

本文建立了小型平板CPL蒸发器毛细多孔芯内汽液两相流动与传热的模型以及金属外壁和工质区的导热模型,并进行耦合求解.分析了金属侧壁效应对蒸发器性能的影响,提出小型平板CPL存在着侧壁效应传热极限.数值结果表明,工质蒸发发生在多孔芯加热表面附近,蒸发器采用单一金属外壁时由于侧壁效应导致系统传热极限低,而上壁采用导热系数大,侧壁及下壁采用导热系数小的新型结构能够明显的提高系统的传热能力,同时使加热表面的温度维持在较低的水平.     

流化床内单个颗粒传热特性的模拟

单个颗粒的传热过程对于燃煤流化床锅炉中煤的着火和随后的燃烧过程具有重要的影响。本文建立了一个基于Euler-Lagrange方法的数学模型对其进行了数值研究。该模型对流体相的运动和传热规律以Euler。方法描述,对固体颗粒相则以近年来发展起来的离散单元方法(DEM)在颗粒层次上进行描述。研究结果表明颗粒与床层之间有很高的传热系数。另外,对单个颗粒温度变化过程的模拟研究表明,颗粒经过较短的时间便能接近床层的温度,且不同颗粒具有类似的温度变化特性。     

潜热型热功能流体强化换热分析

本文建立了分析带有相变微胶囊的潜热型热功能流体的流动和换热过程数理模型,应用有限差分法和移动热源法进行联合求解。计算结果表明,相变微胶囊的加入:较好地提高了流体的换热性能。获得了相变颗粒大小和体积分数对强化换热影响等结果。计算结果对该类流体的设计和应用提供了理论依据。     

Characterization of size effect of natural convection in melting process of phase change material in square cavity

The accelerating effect of natural convection on the melting of phase change material(PCM) has been extensively demonstrated. However, such an influence is directly dependent on the size and shape of domain in which phase change happens, and how to quantitatively describe such an influence is still challenging. On the other hand, the simulation of natural convection process is considerably difficult, involving complex fluid flow in a region changing with time, and is typically not operable in practice. To overcome these obstacles, the present study aims to quantitatively investigate the size effect of natural convection in the melting process of PCM paraffin filled in a square latent heat storage system through experiment and simulation, and ultimately a correlation equation to represent its contribution is proposed. Firstly, the paraffin melting experiment is conducted to validate the two-dimensional finite element model based on the enthalpy method.Subsequently, a comprehensive investigation is performed numerically for various domain sizes. The results show that the melting behavior of paraffin is dominated by the thermal convection. When the melting time exceeds 50 s, a whirlpoor flow caused by natural convection appears in the upper liquid phase region close to the heating wall, and then its influencing range gradually increases to accelerate the melting of paraffin. However, its intensity gradually decreases as the distance between the melting front and the heating wall increases. Besides, it is found that the correlation between the total melting time and the domain size approximately exhibits a power law. When the domain size is less than 2 mm, the accelerating effect of natural convection becomes very weak and can be ignored in practice. Moreover, in order to simplify the complex calculation of natural convection, the equivalent thermal conductivity concept is proposed to include the contribution of natural convection to the total melting time, and an empirical correlation is given for engineering applications.     

爆炸粉末烧结颗粒间摩擦引起的界面温升研究

 针对爆炸粉末烧结过程中颗粒间的摩擦效应提出了一种无夹角斜碰撞模型,分析了烧结过程中颗粒间摩擦力随温度的变化规律,借助于LS-DYNA有限元程序研究了冲击压力、颗粒大小、材料强度等因素对孔隙闭合时间的影响,给出了颗粒界面温升的表达式。研究结果表明,由摩擦引起的颗粒界面的温升与材料特性、颗粒度、冲击角度、冲击压力等因素有关,随材料的蓄热能力、传热能力和材料强度的增加而减小,并随着材料疏松程度、颗粒直径、冲击压力的增加而增加;在粉末颗粒直径和冲击压力不是太小的情况下,颗粒表面温度将达到材料的熔点。     

方腔内相变材料固液相变传热研究

基于相变材料(PCM,phase change material)的相变储能设备具有储能密度高的特点。本文建立了基于相变储能元件伪焓模型的固液相变格子Boltzmann模型,研究了内部管道位置、方腔倾斜角度对PCM融化过程的影响规律。结果表明,在内管道靠近方腔上部时,由于上部界面(固液相变界面或上壁面)对自然对流阻碍作用,使PCM的融化速率减慢。但是,在此时使方腔发生倾斜,会改变管道热流体到上部界面的距离,强化PCM的热质传递过程,使融化加快。     

Modelling of laser surface alloying and dispersing of ceramics

Laser‐supported processes can be used to modify the electrical and thermal properties of ceramic substrates locally. These processes are characterized by a strong thermal interaction between the laser beam and the ceramic surface that leads to localized melting. During the dynamic melting process an additive material is injected into the melt pool in order to modify the physical properties. The heat and mass transfer during this dynamic melting and solidification process has been studied numerically in order to identify the dominating process parameters. Simulation tools based on a finite‐volume method have been developed to describe the heat transfer, fluid flow and the phase change during the melting and solidification of the ceramic. The results of the calculation have been validated against experimental results.