A study on the correlations of supercritical temperature of fluid alkali metals based on the generalised van der Waals equation of state

The supercritical temperature, the inversion temperature and the critical compressibility factor of caesium, rubidium and potassium are correlated through the generalised van der Waals equation of state. This three-parameter equation differs from the known van der Waals equation of state by the introduction of a third parameter in the expression for molecular pressure. For caesium, rubidium and potassium, the ratios of the supercritical temperature to the inversion temperature are estimated. The results of estimation are in agreement with the results from other equations which are based on experimental data. It has been established that caesium, rubidium and potassium obey the single-parameter law of corresponding states with the ratio of the supercritical temperature to the inversion temperature as the thermodynamic similarity parameter.     

Numerical investigation of acoustic vaporization threshold of microdroplets

A numerical model is presented for the acoustic vaporization threshold of a dodecafluoropentane (or perfluoropentane) microdroplet. The model is based on the Rayleigh-Plesset equation and is improved by properly treating the supercritical state that occurs when a bubble collapses rapidly and by employing the van der Waals equation of state to consider the supercritical state. The present computations demonstrate that the microdroplet vaporization behavior depends intricately on bubble compressibility, liquid inertia and phase-change heat transfer under acoustic excitation conditions. We present acoustic pressure-frequency diagrams for bubble growth regimes and the ADV threshold conditions. The effects of acoustic parameters, fluid properties and the droplet radius on the ADV threshold are investigated.     

论范德瓦尔斯a和b参数与温度的关系

范德瓦尔斯方程中a、b参数是否与温度相关,不但不同文献中的说法互不相同,而且有同一文献前后的结论相互矛盾.本文分析了这个令人迷惑的问题.在热力学中a和b参量被处理为与温度无关,它仅仅在临界点附近有效并可以把范德瓦尔斯方程表述为对应态定律;在更加广泛的温度区间a、b参量和温度有关,但是范德瓦尔斯方程却丧失了其独特性.统计物理文献把a和b参量处理成为位力展开的一种拟合方程,发现一般情况下两个参数都依赖于温度,仅仅在特殊情况下和温度无关,以说明对应态定律成立的条件.热力学和统计物理关于a和b参量是否依赖于温度相互矛盾的表述,源于这两个理论中范德瓦尔斯状态方程适用范围不同.     

Dynamic van der waals theory of two-phase fluids in heat flow

We present a dynamic van der Waals theory. It is useful to study phase separation when the temperature varies in space. We show that, if heat flow is applied to liquid suspending a gas droplet at zero gravity, a convective flow occurs such that the temperature gradient within the droplet nearly vanishes. As the heat flux is increased, the droplet becomes attached to the heated wall that is wetted by liquid in equilibrium. In one case corresponding to partial wetting by gas, an apparent contact angle can be defined. In the other case with larger heat flux, the droplet completely wets the heated wall expelling liquid.     

Free volume and density and temperature dependence of diffusion coefficients of liquid mixtures

A simple formula for the diffusion coefficient of liquid mixtures, expressed in terms of the work necessary to create a characteristic free volume in the liquid, is presented in the spirit of the Arrhenius activation theory and tested in comparison with available experimental data. If use is made of the generic van der Waals equation of state, the free volume appearing in the formula for the diffusion coefficient can be expressed in terms of the equilibrium pair correlation functions. The theoretical values for diffusion coefficients agree excellently with experimental values with regard to the density and temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficients of argon and krypton.     

Letter: Brane Cosmology with a van der Waals Equation of State

The evolution of a Universe confined onto a 3-brane embedded in a five-dimensional space-time is investigated where the cosmological fluid on the brane is modeled by the van der Waals equation of state. It is shown that the Universe on the brane evolves in such a manner that three distinct periods concerning its acceleration field are attained: (a) an initial accelerated epoch where the van der Waals fluid behaves like a scalar field with a negative pressure; (b) a past decelerated period which has two contributions, one of them is related to the van der Waals fluid which behaves like a matter field with a positive pressure, whereas the other contribution comes from a term of the Friedmann equation on the brane which is inversely proportional to the scale factor to the fourth power and can be interpreted as a radiation field, and (c) a present accelerated phase due to a cosmological constant on the brane.     

普遍化范德华配分函数

对纯流体及其混合物的普遍化范德华配分函数的推导作系统阐述。由该配分函数可导出一些重要的状态方程、混合规则及活度系数模型。还分析了与密度有关的局部组成模型的低密度边界条件，从而可为建立新的局部组成模型及其应用于流体相平衡计算提供理论依据     

Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data of Carbon Dioxide+Methyl Propionate and Carbon Dioxide+Propyl Propionate Systems

利用可变体积高压釜,在313、333、353和373 K下,测定了CO₂分别与丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丙酯二元体系的气液两相平衡数据. 应用Peng-Robinson状态方程对实验数据进行计算,计算结果与实验结果具有较高的一致性. 还计算得到了不同温度和压力下CO₂在丙烯酸酯溶解过程中的Henry系数、偏摩尔焓变和偏摩尔熵变.     

范德瓦耳斯气液状态方程纵横谈

首先强调了范氏方程是气液系统的状态方程,范氏方程可以很好地说明物质气态和液态的相互转变．分析了焦-汤效应,简述了气体的液化与低温的获得．     

范德瓦耳斯气体体积修正的新计算方法

范德瓦耳斯方程能够较好地描述实际气体的热力学过程,方程中的参数b是因实际气体分子的体积而引入的修正量.本文通过考察分子之间的相互碰撞事件,计算得到了范德瓦耳斯气体体积的修正值,约等于1 mol气体所有分子体积总和的4倍,结果与其他方法得到的结果一致.这是一种新的计算思路和方法.     

管内超临界压力水的混和对流换热

本文利用FLUENT6.0软件,数值研究了超临界压力下水在光管内作层流流动和换热特性,着重考察了重力引 起的二次流的影响。研究发现垂直管中由于浮力作用,速度曲线不再是抛物线,而成M状,并在壁面附近出现峰值;重 力作用下,物性的剧烈变化在水平管垂直流动方向引起了很强的二次流,从而影响了阻力特性和换热特性。     

Evidence of double criticality in a fluid model with density-dependent interactions

Evidence of a liquid-liquid equilibrium in simple fluids has recently been exposed for a density-dependent pair potential in the framework of a van der Waals theory. Here this double criticality is investigated by means of computer simulation, a perturbation theory, and integral equation theory. It is found that the critical point estimated from the integral equation thermodynamics is not associated with divergent correlations. To cope with these features, a special simulation procedure, based on the definition of local densities, is devised. Monte Carlo calculations confirm the existence of two critical points, in agreement with the predictions of perturbation theory.     

范德瓦耳斯和他的状态方程

在物理学发展史上，范德瓦耳斯对气—液流体系统做了开创性的研究工作，建立了人类历史上第一个既能反映气、液各相性质，又能描述相交和临界现象的状态方程。范德瓦耳斯的理论成就和研究方法对热力学、统计力学和低温物理学的发展产生了重要而深远的影响。文章系统探讨了范德瓦耳斯方程产生的历史背景、科学意义和局限性，讨论了范德瓦耳斯的理论和方法对当代物理学的启发意义。     

二维范德瓦尔斯异质结构的制备与物性研究

二维范德瓦尔斯材料(可简称二维材料)已发展成为备受瞩目的材料大家族,而由其衍生的二维范德瓦尔斯异质结构的集成、性能及应用是现今凝聚态物理和材料科学领域的研究热点之一.二维范德瓦尔斯异质结构为探索丰富多彩的物理效应和新奇的物理现象,以及构建新型的自旋电子学器件提供了灵活而广阔的平台.本文从二维材料的转移技术着手,介绍二维范德瓦尔斯异质结构的构筑、性能及应用.首先,依据湿法转移和干法转移的分类,详细介绍二维范德瓦尔斯异质结构的制备技术,内容包括转移技术的通用设备、常用转移方法的具体操作步骤、三维操纵二维材料的方法、异质界面清洁.随后介绍二维范德瓦尔斯异质结构的性能和应用,重点介绍二维磁性范德瓦尔斯异质结构,并列举在二维范德瓦尔斯磁隧道结和摩尔超晶格领域的应用.因此,二维材料转移技术的发展和优化将进一步助力二维范德瓦尔斯异质结构在基础科学研究和实际应用上取得突破性的成果.     

二维范德瓦尔斯异质结构的制备与物性研究

二维范德瓦尔斯材料(可简称二维材料)已发展成为备受瞩目的材料大家族,而由其衍生的二维范德瓦尔斯异质结构的集成、性能及应用是现今凝聚态物理和材料科学领域的研究热点之一.二维范德瓦尔斯异质结构为探索丰富多彩的物理效应和新奇的物理现象,以及构建新型的自旋电子学器件提供了灵活而广阔的平台.本文从二维材料的转移技术着手,介绍二维范德瓦尔斯异质结构的构筑、性能及应用.首先,依据湿法转移和干法转移的分类,详细介绍二维范德瓦尔斯异质结构的制备技术,内容包括转移技术的通用设备、常用转移方法的具体操作步骤、三维操纵二维材料的方法、异质界面清洁.随后介绍二维范德瓦尔斯异质结构的性能和应用,重点介绍二维磁性范德瓦尔斯异质结构,并列举在二维范德瓦尔斯磁隧道结和摩尔超晶格领域的应用.因此,二维材料转移技术的发展和优化将进一步助力二维范德瓦尔斯异质结构在基础科学研究和实际应用上取得突破性的成果.     

地层油气的相平衡热力学研究

地层油气的相平衡热力学研究王利生（北京理工大学化工学院北京１０００８１）关键词混合规则，状态方程，油藏流体，相平衡１链状分子的普遍化范德华配分函数链状分子的转动和振动运动会受阻于其它分子的运动，因而其配分函数中的转动和振动贡献与温度、密度均有关，被分...     

Interactions of flame balls

Flame ball interactions are numerically investigated in a reaction–diffusion system characterized by single-step Arrhenius kinetics and radiative heat losses. It is found that the interactions of two neighbouring flame balls are characterized by two distinct regimes – a repulsion regime and an attraction regime, depending upon the separation distance. The two regimes join at a critical separation distance, which corresponds to an unstable equilibrium state. For supercritical separation distances, the two flame balls repel and drift apart from each other; whereas for sub-critical separation distances, they move towards each other and eventually merge into a single stationary flame ball. In this connection, flame ball interactions are found to exhibit a qualitatively reverse character in comparison with the well-known van der Waals curve which characterizes intermolecular forces.     

PETN炸药爆轰产物状态方程的理论研究

 采用van der Waals等效单组分流体模型和Ross硬球微扰理论软球修正模型,计算爆轰气相产物的状态方程;用石墨相、金刚石相、类石墨液相和类金刚石液相4种相态描述凝聚成分,由Gibbs自由能最小原理确定不同状态下的凝聚产物相态。对爆轰产物混合系统采用自由能最小原理,通过化学平衡方程组求解炸药爆轰产物系统的平衡组分。使用该理论计算PETN炸药Chapman-Jouguet（CJ）点的爆轰参数,其值与实验值符合得很好;同时计算了以CJ点为起始点的等熵卸载线,并与传统的Jones-Wilkins-Lee（JWL）状态方程的计算结果进行比较,发现计算的γ值是单调递减的,而JWL状态方程计算的γ值却出现了“双峰”现象。分析认为,传统的JWL状态方程给出的“双峰”变化,是由其函数形式自身决定的,并不对应实际物理过程。