以水作相分离造孔剂制备P(VDF-HFP)/PMMA聚合物电解质膜

介绍了一种以水代替常用的有机物质作为相分离造孔剂制备混合型聚合物电解质的新方法.所研究的混合型聚合物为聚(偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的混合物.扫描电镜SEM图表明这种混合型聚合物膜具有蜂窝状结构,有利于膜电导率的增加.利用FTIR,XRD和DSC等方法研究了混合型聚合物电解质中两种聚合物间的相互作用.用电化学交流阻抗方法测得在30℃下P(VDF-HFP)/PMMA摩尔比为1:1的混合型聚合物电解质的离子电导率为0.804×10^-3S/cm.对照其它方法,本方法具有制备容易、成本较低和有利于环境保护等优点.     

环糊精功能化疏水缔合丙烯酰胺聚合物的制备与性能评价

以十六烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵(C₁₆DMAAC)为疏水单体、烯丙基环糊精(A-CD)为环糊精功能化单体,与丙烯酰胺(AM)通过自由基共聚作用制备了环糊精功能化疏水缔合丙烯酰胺聚合物P(AM/A-CD/C₁₆DMAAC)。采用红外光谱和电子扫描电镜对P(AM/A-CD/C₁₆DMAAC)的结构进行表征。并考察了聚合物的水溶性、粘浓性质、特性粘数和粘均分子量。发现聚合物具有良好的空间结构和溶解特性,临界缔合浓度为1600mg/L,粘均分子量达5.5×10⁶g/mol,聚合物具备作为三次采油的应用潜能。     

疏水缔合聚合物重均分子量的测定

采用毛细管法和荧光探针法研究了疏水缔合聚合物在不同甲酰胺浓度和盐浓度的溶剂中的特性黏数和疏水缔合作用强度.找到可以消除缔合作用和聚电解质效应的溶剂条件,用静态光散射法测定疏水缔合聚合物的重均分子量.结果表明,NaCl能够有效的屏蔽聚电解质效应,但是不能消除缔合作用,而且由于NaCl增加了溶液的极性,会进一步促进疏水缔合作用,疏水缔合聚合物以聚集体形态存在溶液中,因此,在NaCl溶剂中测得的疏水缔合聚合物的重均分子量不是真实分子量;而甲酰胺可以完全破坏疏水缔合作用,使聚合物分子以单分子态分散在溶液中,进而测得疏水缔合聚合物的真实分子量.当溶剂中的NaCl浓度为0.2 mol/L、甲酰胺体积分数为50%时,可准确测定疏水缔合聚合物的重均分子量.当缔合作用消除后再改变甲酰胺浓度,测得的重均分子量不再变化;聚电解质效应消除后,盐离子浓度的变化不会再改变测得的重均分子量结果.     

AM/DMC/C11AM疏水缔合聚两性电解质的合成、表征与溶液性质

通过Ritter反应合成弱阴离子型疏水单体丙烯酰胺基十一烷基酸(C11AM). 以丙烯酰胺(AM)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)和丙烯酰胺基十一烷基酸(C11AM)为原料, 在水介质中合成新型疏水缔合聚两性电解质AM/DMC/C11AM. 利用1H NMR确证了疏水单体和共聚产物的分子结构. 流变性和芘荧光探针的研究结果表明, AM/DMC/C11AM系列疏水缔合聚两性电解质由于兼具疏水缔合性质和反聚电解质效应, 使其具有较好的耐盐性能.     

疏水缔合水溶性聚合物——P(AM-NaAA-DiAC_8)的合成及其缔合性能

以双烯丙基胺和1-溴代辛烷为原料,合成了疏水单体N,N-双烯丙基辛胺(DiAC8).采取前加碱二元胶束共聚-共水解法合成了三元疏水缔合水溶性聚合物--聚(丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸钠-N,N-双烯丙基辛胺)[P(AM-NaAA-DiAC8)]. DiAC8和P(AM-NaAA-DiAC8)的结构经1H NMR和FT-IR表征.以芘为荧光探针,利用稳态荧光光谱法研究了P(AM-NaAA-DiAC8)在水溶液中的缔合行为,结果表明当r(DiAC8)=0.1%～1.4%时,随聚合物浓度、疏水单体用量的增加,P(AM-NaAA-DiAC8)在二次蒸馏水和1 mol·L-1NaCl水溶液中的Ⅰ1/Ⅰ3值减少.表明P(AM-NaAA-DiAC8)缔合行为取决于聚合物浓度、疏水单体用量及介质的极性.     

疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺与双子表面活性剂的相互作用

制备了一种脂肪酸酯双磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂, 利用粘度法、界面张力法和原子力显微镜研究了疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺与双子表面活性剂在溶液中的相互作用. 实验结果表明: 疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺在溶液中能够通过自组装形成疏水微区并发展成网络结构, 疏水微区与表面活性剂在溶液中能形成混合胶束; 当一定量的表面活性剂加入时, 对疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺的自组装起促进作用, 而过多双子表面活性剂的加入又会对聚合物分子的自组装起抑制作用, 从而显著影响疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺的溶液性质, 随着表面活性剂浓度的增加, 聚合物溶液粘度先增加、再降低; 同时, 疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺对双子表面活性剂的界面性能也有较大影响, 聚合物的加入使双子表面活性剂降低油/水界面张力的能力下降, 油/水界面张力达到平衡所需时间延长.     

荧光探针法研究疏水改性聚丙烯酰胺溶液的疏水缔合行为

采用胶束共聚 共水解方法合成疏水改性水溶性聚合物聚(丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸钠/N 辛基丙烯酰胺)[P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)],并以芘为荧光探针,应用稳态荧光光谱法研究了它的疏水缔合行为。结果表明,随聚合物浓度、疏水单体摩尔分数、疏水侧链长和温度的增加,疏水缔合作用增强;不同疏水单体含量的P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)的临界缔合浓度为1.5~3.0 g/L;表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)与P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)发生了强烈的疏水相互作用,形成混合胶束,得到SDS的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为8×10-3 mol/L;由于聚合物链上羧基的存在,使其具有良好的 pH敏感性,随 pH值的增大,P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)的疏水缔合作用呈现先减弱后恒定再增强的变化。     

含树枝体疏水缔合聚合物——聚醚树枝体改性聚丙烯酰胺的合成和性质

疏水缔合聚合物是一类含有少量疏水基团的水溶性功能高分子.在水溶液中,这类聚合物在疏水作用驱动下容易发生缔合,并伴随产生独特的缔合行为和溶液性质,因此研究这类聚合物具有重要的理论和应用意义.     

疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺的合成及溶液性能研究

水溶性疏水缔合聚合物是在聚合物亲水主链上引入极少量疏水基团(一般小于2ｍｏｌ%)而形成的一种新型水溶性聚合物[1]。由于这类聚合物具有独特的流变性能,因而备受学术界和工业界关注。目前已作为涂料增稠剂[2]和流变改性剂[3]得到了应用,而通过在部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(ＨＰＡＭ)的亲水主链上引入少量疏水单体而形成的疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺(ＨＡＰＡＭ)则可望克服ＨＰＡＭ耐温、耐盐性差的缺陷[4]而作为新一代水溶性聚合物材料用于油气开采作业[5,6]。由于亲水单体和疏水单体的不相容性,通常通过在反应溶液中加入表面活性剂使亲水单体和疏水单体…     

P(VAc-MMA)为基体的聚合物电解质研究

以醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为单体, 采用半连续种子乳液聚合法制备了无规共聚物聚(醋酸乙烯酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯)[P(VAc-MMA)], 并以此聚合物为基体制备了聚合物电解质. 用红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、差热/热重分析(DSC/TG)、X射线衍射(XRD)、机械性能测试和电化学交流阻抗等方法对聚合物和聚合物电解质的性质进行了研究. 测试结果表明: VAc和MMA聚合生成P(VAc-MMA); 聚合物膜含有大量微孔结构, 利于离子传输; 聚合物电解质膜具有优良的热稳定性和机械强度; 25 ℃下, 最高的离子电导率达到了1.27× 10^－3 S•cm^－1; 离子电导率随着温度的升高而迅速增加, 电导率-温度曲线符合Arrhenius方程.     

Determination of naproxen in pharmaceutical preparations by room-temperature phosphorescence. A comparative study of several organized media.

Different methods for the determination of naproxen by room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) using organized media such as cyclodextrins (beta-CD and gamma-CD) and micelles (Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate) are reported. The inclusion complexes formed between both beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins and naproxen were previously investigated at both acid and basic pH by spectrofluorimetry. In both cases, 1:1 guest-host stoichiometries were established and the corresponding association constants were calculated. Different systems were examined with the purpose of obtaining phosphorescent emission from naproxen solutions, and the best signals were obtained when naproxen was in the presence of beta-CD-cyclohexane-Tl(I), gamma-CD-1,3-dibromopropane, Triton X-100-Tl(I) and SDS-Tl(I), respectively. In all cases, sodium sulfite was used as deoxygenator. The use of an inorganic compound (thallium nitrate) as a heavy-atom source in a cyclodextrin system represents a novel finding. Surface response optimization approaches were carried out to optimize the chemical variables which have an influence on the RTP emission of naproxen. Based on the results obtained, univariate RTP calibration methods for the determination of the analyte in pharmaceutical preparations were satisfactorily developed. In one case, the standard additions method was applied to a mixture of naproxen and the antibiotic tetracycline.     

The assignment of the absolute configuration of diethyl hydroxy- and aminophosphonates by 1H and 31P NMR using naproxen as a reliable chiral derivatizing agent

The assignment of the absolute configuration of hydroxy- and aminophosphonates by their double derivatization with commercially available naproxen is presented. The correlation between the spatial arrangement around the stereogenic carbon center and the signs of the DeltadeltaRS allows determination of the absolute configuration of hydroxy- and aminophosphonates by simple comparison of the 1H and 31P NMR spectra of the (R)- and (S)-naproxen ester or amide derivatives. Extensive conformational analysis (theoretical calculations, low-temperature experiments) supported by the NMR studies of structurally diverse naproxen esters and amides of hydroxy- and aminophosphonates proved that a simplified model can be successfully used.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Biological Activities of Naproxen-eugenol Ester Prodrug

The prodrug, naproxen-eugenol ester, was synthesized by acyl chloride method with naproxen and eugenol as the raw materials. The structure was identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance(¹H NMR), mass spectrometry(MS), infrared spectrometry(IR) and X-ray diffraction. The compound was crystallized in the orthorhombic system, space group P2₁2₁2₁ with unit cell dimensions a=0.60563(12) nm,b=1.0234(2) nm, c=3.2654(7) nm, a=90°, b=90°, g=90°, V=2.0240(7) nm³, Z=4. Calculated density 1.235 Mg/m³; absorption coefficient: 0.083 mm^-1; F(000)=800; final R₁=0.0564. The analgesic activity and anti-inflammatory were similar to those of naproxen, and the results of ulcerogenic activity indicate that the prodrug can significantly decrease the irritation after oral administration.     

Assay of naproxen by high-performance liquid chromatography and identification of its photoproducts by LC-ESI MS

A rapid, accurate and reliable reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of naproxen and its photodegradation products in methanol was developed and validated. An Inertsil 5-ODS-3V column (5 microm, C18, 250 x 4.6 mm i.d.) was used with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-methanol-1% HOAc in H2O (40:20:40, v/v/v). UV detection was set at 230 nm. The developed method satisfies system suitability criteria, peak integrity and resolution for the parent drug and its photoproducts. The intraday and interday standard deviations of five replicate determinations for five consecutive days at the working concentrations of 5.0, 10, 25, 50, and 100 microm were 0.23-0.98 with coefficients of variance (CVs) of between 0.96 and 4.56% for the former, and 0.14-1.15 with CVs of between 1.13 and 3.82% for the latter. The percentage recoveries were determined to be 98.34, 99.19, 100.18, 102.97 and 99.81%, respectively, at the five concentrations between 5.0 and 100 microm. The limit of quantitation of naproxen was determined to be 0.29 microg/mL, while the detection limit was 64 ng/mL. Four major photoproducts were observed from the HPLC chromatogram using a Panchum PR-2000 reactor which equipped with 8 W x 16 low-pressure quartz mercury lamps as the light source for irradiation of a naproxen sample in methanol. The structures of the photoproducts were confirmed by LC-ESI MS.     

多孔有机笼毛细管电色谱手性柱的制备及应用

多孔有机笼(POCs)是一种新型的具有稳定有序三维空腔结构的多孔材料。通过2-羟基-1,3,5-均苯三甲醛与1R,2R-1,2-二苯基乙二胺发生席夫碱的缩合反应,合成了一种具有羟基功能基团的单一手性POCs材料;将其均匀涂敷在毛细管壁上制成色谱柱,利用电色谱柱成功拆分了二氢黄酮、吡喹酮、萘普生和3,5-二硝基-N-(1-苯乙基)苯甲酰胺4种手性化合物。探究了分离电压、缓冲溶液浓度及其pH值等因素对手性拆分的影响,获得了4种手性物质在POCs色谱柱上的最佳拆分条件。实验研究表明,二氢黄酮、吡喹酮、萘普生和3,5-二硝基-N-(1-苯乙基)苯甲酰胺获得优化分离效果所需的工作电压分别为13、14、14和12 kV;二氢黄酮适宜Tris-H₃PO₄缓冲溶液浓度为0.075 mol/L,吡喹酮、萘普生和3,5-二硝基-N-(1-苯乙基)苯甲酰胺适宜Tris-H₃PO₄缓冲溶液浓度为0.100 mol/L; 4种手性物质得到最佳分离效果时的pH值均为3.51。二氢黄酮、吡喹酮、萘普生和3,5-二硝基-N-(1-苯乙基)苯甲酰胺均达到基线分离,分离度分别为2.99、2.10、2.58和3.59。该POCs色谱柱还成功拆分了o,m,p-碘苯胺、o,m,p-硝基苯胺两种位置异构体。该研究表明POCs手性电色谱柱具有良好的手性识别能力,是一种优秀的手性分离材料,具有很大的电色谱手性分离应用前景。     

脂肪酶催化一步酯化协同拆分合成S-萘普生淀粉酯前药

利用CRL脂肪酶选择性催化外消旋萘普生甲酯与玉米淀粉进行转酯化反应合成光学纯S-萘普生淀粉酯前药,同时达到拆分外消旋萘普生的目的。考察了有机溶剂、脂肪酶用量、底物浓度比、反应温度对酯化协同拆分反应的影响,结果表明在异辛烷中脂肪酶CRL可以催化S-萘普生甲酯与淀粉发生转酯化反应同时完成外消旋萘普生的拆分,并且在脂肪酶用量为10%、底物浓度比为1:3、异辛烷用量为15mL、反应温度为60℃的条件下反应6d,外消旋萘普生甲酯的转化率为27.2%,产物对应体过量值eep高达99.4%可以作为萘普生的前药进行应用。     

Naproxen: Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin:Polyvinylpyrrolidone Ternary Complex Formation

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the presence of thewater-soluble polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) MW = 24000 g/mol, on thecomplexation of the phototoxic anti-inflammatory drug naproxen, in its sodiumsalt form, with hydroxypropil-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). The datashown that the polymer interacts with the free naproxen and with thenaproxen:HP-β-CD inclusion complex. The presence of different proportions of PVP, in the 0–1%(w/w) rangesystematically increased the K_app of the naproxen:HP-β-CD inclusioncomplex formation. The cause of this increase is that the polymer interactswith the HP-β-CD with a binding constant of K₂ = 29000 ± 53 M^-1; and with the naproxen:HP-β-CD inclusion complex, to givea ternary complex naproxen:HP-β-CD:PVP. The binding constant of thisprocess was K₃ = 5350 ± 1 M^-1. NMR data revealed that in the ternary system, PVP is outside of the cyclodextrin, and therefore must be wholly or partially recovering the naproxen:HP-β-CD inclusion complex.     

Enantioselective analysis of ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen in wastewater and environmental water samples

A highly sensitive and reliable method for the enantioselective analysis of ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen in wastewater and environmental water samples has been developed. These three pharmaceuticals are chiral molecules and the variable presence of their individual (R)- and (S)-enantiomers is of increasing interest for environmental analysis. An indirect method for enantioseparation was achieved by the derivatization of the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers to amide diastereomers using (R)-1-phenylethylamine ((R)-1-PEA). After initial solid phase extraction from aqueous samples, derivatization was undertaken at room temperature in less than 5 min. Optimum recovery and clean-up of the amide diastereomers from the derivatization solution was achieved by a second solid phase extraction step. Separation and detection of the individual diastereomers was undertaken by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Excellent analyte separation and peak shapes were achieved for the derivatized (R)- and (S)-enantiomers for all three pharmaceuticals with peak resolution, R(s) is in the range of 2.87-4.02 for all diastereomer pairs. Furthermore, the calibration curves developed for the (S)-enantiomers revealed excellent linearity (r(2) ≥ 0.99) for all three compounds. Method detection limits were shown to be within the range of 0.2-3.3 ng L(-1) for individual enantiomers in ultrapure water, drinking water, surface water and a synthetic wastewater. Finally, the method was shown to perform well on a real tertiary treated wastewater sample, revealing measurable concentrations of both (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of ibuprofen, naproxen and ketoprofen. Isotope dilution using racemic D(3)-ibuprofen, racemic D(3)-ketoprofen and racemic D(3)-naproxen was shown to be an essential aspect of this method for accurate quantification and enantiomeric fraction (EF) determination. This approach produced excellent reproducibility for EF determination of triplicate tertiary treated wastewater samples.     

Voltammetric Assay of Naproxen in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode

The electrooxidation of naproxen was studied, for the first time, using boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry (CV and DPV) in nonaqueous solvent supporting electrolyte system. The results were also compared with glassy carbon electrode (GC) under the same conditions. Naproxen undergoes one electron transfer resulting in the formation of cation radical for the first electrooxidation step, which follows other chemical and electrochemical steps such as deprotonation, removal of another electron and the attack of nucleophile (ECEC mechanism). BDD electrode provided higher signal to background ratio, well resolved and highly reproducible cyclic voltammograms than the GC electrode. With a scan rate of 50 mV s^?1 and pulse height of 50 ms, respectively, the DPV technique was able to determine the naproxen concentrations in the range of 0.5 to 50 μM with a detection limit of 30 nM. The influence of interference compounds namely 2‐acetyl‐6‐methoxy naphthalene (AMN) on naproxen oxidation can also be followed successfully. Moreover, the percentage of AMN present in the standard chemical form of a mixture containing naproxen can be found accurately. Rapidity, precise and good selectivity were also found for the determination of naproxen in pharmaceutical formulations.     

萘普生噻唑衍生物的设计和合成及其环氧合酶-2抑制活性的体外评价

基于环氧合酶-2 (COX-2)与COX-1结构上的差异, 设计了萘普生的噻唑衍生物, 以期利用COX-2的侧面口袋, 增加对COX-2的结合作用. 以萘普生为原料经四步反应合成7个目标化合物, 其结构经核磁共振氢谱、质谱和元素分析(或高分辨质谱)确证. 体外筛选结果表明, 化合物有一定的COX-2抑制活性.