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在进行有机氯化物分子内非键合相互作用的热化学研究中, 为了排除分子间的相互作用, 需要准确的标准蒸发焓或升华焓, 以便把凝聚态的标准生成焓转变为气态的数据。文献中多氯代烷烃的蒸发焓数据不多, 其中由直接量热法得到的准确数据更少, 因此我们测量了一些多氯代烷烃的标准蒸发焓, 并对其规律作了一些探讨。 相似文献
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在进行分子内非键合相互作用的热化学研究中,我们已用燃烧量热法测定了各种取代的氯代苯在凝聚态的标准生成焓。为了排除分子间的相互作用,以得到准确的气态生成焓,需要这些化合物的标准蒸发焓或升华焓。文献中这类数据不多,且相当一部分是用测量蒸气压随温度变化按Clapeyron-Clausius方程计算的,不如直接量热法准确。对高取代的氯代苯,由于蒸气压很低,实验困难,数据更缺。为此,我们用量热法测定了三个二氯苯异构体的蒸发焓和升华焓,并结合已有的文献数据,建立了氯代苯标准蒸发焓和升华焓与其沸点的线性关系,估算了其余未知的数据。 相似文献
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碳氢燃料的蒸发焓与1H NMR结构参数 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
用500MHz超导核磁共振仪测定了36个碳氢燃料油的^1HNMR谱,获得各类氢的相对含量。假设碳氢燃料由直链烷烃和直链烷基苯两种模型化合物构成,^1HNMR结果和相对分子质量计算了相应的基团组成数。采用斜式沸点计测定燃料在不同温度下的泡点蒸气压,根据Clausius-Clapeyron方程计算了燃料的蒸发焓和蒸发熵。以基团贡献法为桥梁,把微观的^HNMR结构信息与宏观的蒸发性质联系起来,给出一个预测碳氢燃料蒸发焓的基团贡献表达式,检验结果表明偏差为 5.4%- -5.9%(平均2.1%)。用此表达式预测了17个纯烃和石油馏分的蒸发焓,偏差为 8.5%- -10.1%(平均3.3%)。 相似文献
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用中和法合成了氨基酸离子液体(AAIL)1-己基-3-甲基苏氨酸盐[C6mim][Thr],并用核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)和核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)进行了表征。以苯甲酸为参考物质,用恒温热重法确定了AAIL[C6mim][Thr]的蒸汽压和在平均温度下(Tav= 438.15 K)的蒸发焓(ΔglHm? (Tav) =128.5 ± 6.0 kJ·mol-1)。利用Verevkin等人提出的方法计算得到AAIL[C6mim][Thr]气态和液态的恒压热容差(ΔglCpm? = -70.8 J·K-1·mol-1),进而计算了不同温度的蒸发焓,其中参考温度(298.15 K)下的蒸发焓ΔglHm? (298.15 K) = 138.4 kJ·mol-1,只比应用我们提出的蒸发焓理论模型估算值大1.6 kJ·mol-1,小于恒温热重法的实验误差3.0 kJ·mol-1,说明这个蒸发焓的理论模型有一定的合理性。借助Clausius-Clapeyron方程估算了AAIL[C6mim][Thr]的假想的正常沸点Tb= 522.07 K,以及沸点的蒸发熵ΔglSm? (Tb) = 228.5 J·K-1·mol-1,进一步得到了不同温度的蒸发熵和蒸发自由能ΔglGm? (T),其结果表明蒸发自由能随着温度的上升而减小,达到沸点温度Tb时变为零,而蒸发熵则随着温度上升而增大,是AAIL[C6mim][Thr]蒸发过程的驱动力。 相似文献
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1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐的热稳定性、平衡蒸汽压和标准蒸发焓 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用非等温、等温热重分析(TG)法,研究了高纯氮气气氛下1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([bmim][BF4])离子液体的热稳定性、平衡蒸汽压和标准蒸发焓.非等温热重(TG)曲线表明[bmim][BF4]的初始分解温度(Tonset)和最大分解速率对应的温度(Tm)分别为697和734K.然而长期等温TGA研究表明,[bmim][BF4]的最高可使用温度约为513K.另外,利用基于TG的蒸发技术研究了[bmim][BF4]的平衡蒸汽压(pe)与温度的关系并计算了标准蒸发焓.在503-543K温度范围内,离子液体[bmim][BF4]的pe和温度的关系是:lgpe=(16±1)+(-6.85±0.25)×103/T.[bmim][BF4]的标准蒸发焓为(131±5)kJ·mol-1. 相似文献
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日益严重的水资源短缺和水体污染引发了人们对先进水净化技术的研究兴趣。太阳能驱动的界面蒸发利用清洁的太阳能来分离水和杂质,被认为是解决缺水和污染最环保、经济的技术。低蒸发焓水凝胶基光热转换材料由于其高蒸发速率、可加工性、可控性和多功能性,成为最有潜力的太阳能蒸发器材料。首先,本综述回顾了水凝胶的关键概念,这些概念证明了其在太阳能驱动的界面蒸发系统中的优势,如快速水传输和低蒸发焓;其次,总结了水凝胶的制备方法包括引入的光热材料以及水凝胶的设计策略,以提高水凝胶的整体性能。水凝胶蒸发器的多种功能在抗盐、光降解、杀菌和发电等方面得到了扩展。基于水凝胶的上述优势,本综述进一步提出了适用于实际使用环境的水凝胶蒸发器的设计概念和策略。 相似文献
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V. I. Bol'shakova L. I. Demenkova É. N. Shmidt V. A. Pentegova 《Chemistry of Natural Compounds》1989,24(6):691-694
The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988. 相似文献
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利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。 相似文献
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由于石化行业的生产需要,其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性,经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识,根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集,实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展,并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。 相似文献
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The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted
indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator
model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was
established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing
analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom.
Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997. 相似文献
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Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin
E. I. Kapinus V. A. Ganzha B. M. Dzhagarov E. I. Sagun V. B. Pavlenko 《Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry》1989,25(2):146-151
The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989. 相似文献
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Effect of the Method of Modification of Zeolite X on Selectivity of Catalytic Methylation of Toluene
Voloshyna Yu. G. Pertko O. P. Patrylak L. K. 《Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry》2019,54(6):395-400
Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry - The effect of the method of modification of catalysts based on zeolite X by cesium and magnesium cations (ion exchange and impregnation) on the selectivity... 相似文献
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Kopranenkov V. N. Makarova E. A. Dashkevich S. N. Luk'yanets E. A. 《Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds》1982,18(11):1218-1218
Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds - 相似文献