Influence of Impurity Na2O on Crystalline Structure of Cordierite Synthesized from Aluminum Sludge

Waste aluminum sludge, talc powder and clay were used to synthesize cordierite in this research. The impurities, such as Fe2O3, CaO, K2O and Na2O, in the raw materials have some influence on the structures and properties of the materials. In this paper, we mainly discuss the impact of impurity Na2O on the structure of cordierite, based on which the permitted amount of Na2O was determined. The results show that Na2O with the amount less than 0.6% has little influence on the cordierite formation; while when its amount increasing from 0.6% to 0.7%, the content of cordierite decreases from 86% to 84% and the permitted amount for Na2O in the raw materials is less than 6% with the best amount less than 0.3%. X‘pert plus software analysis results show the impurity Na2O has no influence on the cordierite space group and only the lattice parameters vary slightly; but it has much influence on the structure of Mg-AI spinel and the lattice parameters are much changed.     

活性炭负载磷钨酸催化剂的表征及其催化性能

研究了活性炭负载磷钨酸催化剂的表征及在丁基多苷合成中的催化性能.活性炭负载磷钨酸催化剂采用浸渍法制备,并用FT-IR光谱、XRD光谱、SEM等手段进行了表征.结果表明,磷钨酸负载到活性炭后保持了原有的Keggin结构,它在载体上的吸附过程可以分为单分子吸附、多分子吸附和体相堆积三个阶段.在丁基多苷合成反应中,催化剂负载量、磷钨酸溶脱量、葡萄糖转化率之间有较复杂的关系.杂多酸溶脱量随负载量增大而增大,转化率与杂多酸溶脱量之间没有直接联系.催化剂负载量在5%到60%之间变化时,控制催化活性的主要因素分别是催化剂酸量、比表面积、游离的杂多酸量.最佳负载量为20%.     

高频燃烧–红外吸收法测定低合金钢中的碳含量

采用高频红外碳硫分析仪测定低合金钢中的碳含量。分别考察了取样量、助熔剂种类、助熔剂用量对测量结果的影响。结果显示当取样量为400 mg、钨助熔剂用量为样品取样量的1.2倍时,测定低合金钢中的碳含量效果最好,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.9%(n=10),加标回收率在97.5%~102.7%之间。     

活性炭负载TiO2光催化氧化二苯并噻吩的研究

以活性炭负载的TiO2为光催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂,30W紫外灯为光源,对含二苯并噻吩（DBT）的模型硫化物进行光催化氧化脱硫研究。考察了TiO2的煅烧温度、负载量、催化剂用量、H2O2用量和光照时间对DBT去除率的影响。实验结果表明,用溶胶 凝胶法制备的TiO2 /活性炭催化剂对DBT具有很好的光催化效果。最佳反应条件为,催化剂煅烧温度400℃,TiO2的负载量为32％,催化剂用量0.7g/100mL, H2O2最佳用量为10mL,即O/S（摩尔比）为14。在最佳反应条件下,光照时间8h,DBT去除率为90％, 此反应为一级动力学反应。     

不同水煤浆分散剂与煤之间的相互作用规律研究: Ⅹ 分散剂在煤粒表面上的吸附作用特征

研究了6种水煤浆分散剂在14种不同变质程度煤上的吸附作用特征。结果表明，多数分散剂在煤粒表面达到单层饱和吸附后，又形成多层吸附，单层饱和吸附量与煤的变质程度、比表面积以及分散剂的性质有关。在相同粒度分布下，煤的变质程度越低，表面含氧亲水官能团的比例越高，孔隙率越高，比表面积越大，这对增大吸附量有利。煤的变质程度越高，其表面疏水区面积的比例越高，分散剂通过疏水基团紧密吸附在煤表面的比例越大，这对增加高阶煤的吸附量有利。对不同煤，是变质程度还是比表面积为吸附分散剂的主控因素，主要依赖于分散剂的结构与性质。对同种煤，疏水与亲水基团呈线型分立分布的分散剂，吸附量明显高；而疏水与亲水基团呈线型间隔分布的分散剂，吸附量明显小。     

不同水煤浆分散剂与煤之间的相互作用规律研究Ⅹ分散剂在煤粒表面上的吸附作用特征

研究了6种水煤浆分散剂在14种不同变质程度煤上的吸附作用特征。结果表明,多数分散剂在煤粒表面达到单层饱和吸附后,又形成多层吸附,单层饱和吸附量与煤的变质程度、比表面积以及分散剂的性质有关。在相同粒度分布下,煤的变质程度越低,表面含氧亲水官能团的比例越高,孔隙率越高,比表面积越大,这对增大吸附量有利。煤的变质程度越高,其表面疏水区面积的比例越高,分散剂通过疏水基团紧密吸附在煤表面的比例越大,这对增加高阶煤的吸附量有利。对不同煤,是变质程度还是比表面积为吸附分散剂的主控因素,主要依赖于分散剂的结构与性质。对同种煤,疏水与亲水基团呈线型分立分布的分散剂,吸附量明显高;而疏水与亲水基团呈线型间隔分布的分散剂,吸附量明显小。     

高频感应燃烧红外吸收法测定碳化硅中硫含量

采用高频感应燃烧红外吸收法测定碳化硅中硫含量,分别考察了取样量,助熔剂种类、用量对测定结果的影响。结果显示:取样量为90~140 mg,铁屑用量为0.8 g,钨锡助熔剂用量为1.6 g,可以得到稳定可靠的测定结果。测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.4%(n=10),加标回收率为94.8%~106.1%。     

超临界甲烷在活性炭上的吸附平衡分析

为分析由吸附平衡时的热力参数确定吸附量、吸附模型和等量吸附热精度的影响因素,选择在温度268.15~338.15 K和压力0~13.5 MPa测试的甲烷在Ajax活性炭上的吸附平衡数据,通过引入甲烷分子可进入活性炭吸附空间内的容积和可以不考虑甲烷在孔内吸附的临界孔宽的概念,依据甲烷在吸附平衡前后的总量守恒,确定甲烷在吸附池内的总量、绝对吸附量和过剩吸附量三者之间的关系式。结果表明,在引入吸附质分子可进入吸附空间内的容积和临界孔宽后,经由活性炭的孔径分布(PSD),可以准确计算甲烷在活性炭上的过剩吸附量;应用实验数据非线性回归Toth方程参数后,可由Gibbs关于吸附的定义确定甲烷在活性炭上的绝对吸附量。比较结果时发现,由于未考虑本体相中甲烷分子对吸附甲烷分子的影响,采用过剩吸附量的等量吸附线标绘确定的等量吸附热数值偏高,工程应用时应由绝对吸附量来确定等量吸附热。     

Effect of amount of monomer on radiation-induced polymerization of styrene adsorbed on silica gel

The effect of amount of monomer on radiation-induced polymerization of styrene adsorbed on silica gel was investigated with the monomer amounting from less than monolayer adsorption to more than the equilibrium adsorption. The rate of graft polymerization and the molecular weight of the polymer changed with the amount of monomer adsorbed on silica gel. Maximum grafting efficiency was obtained at monolayer adsorption. The molecular weight of graft polymer was higher than that of homopolymer in both radical and cationic polymerizations, and the ratio in molecular weight of graft polymer to that of homopolymer tends to be unity with increasing amount of adsorbed monomer. These results can mainly be explained in terms of the number of initiating species (radical and cation) that change in relation to the amount of adsorbed monomer. Propagation and termination change with amount of adsorbed monomer in relation to the molecular mobility of adsorbed monomer. A very high-molecular-weight graft polymer is formed only with a small amount of adsorbed monomer in the initial stage. The grafting percent with a large amount of adsorbed monomer increased after most of the monomer has been polymerized. Secondary effect of radiation on the graft and homopolymers due to energy transfer from silica gel is suggested from the complicated phenomena in the later stage of the reaction.     

DNA-modified electrodes; part 4: optimization of covalent immobilization of DNA on self-assembled monolayers

The covalent immobilization of DNA onto self-assembled monolayer (SAM) modified gold electrodes (SAM/Au) was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and electrochemical method so as to optimize its covalent immobilization on SAMs. Three types of SAMs with hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl terminal groups, respectively, were examined. Results obtained by both X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and cyclic voltammetry show that the largest covalent immobilization amount of dsDNA could be gained on hydroxyl-terminated SAM/Au. The ratio of amount of dsDNA immobilized on hydroxyl-terminated SAMs to that on carboxyl-terminated SAMs and to that on amino-terminated SAMs is (3-3.5): (1-1.5): 1. The dsDNA immobilized covalently on hydroxyl-terminated SAMs accounts for 82.8-87.6% of its total surface amount (including small amount of dsDNA adsorbed). So the hydroxyl-terminated SAM is a good substrate for the covalent immobilization of dsDNA on gold surfaces.     

F助剂对NiWF/γ-Al2O3催化煤焦油加氢脱氮脱硫的影响

制备了一系列添加不同含量F助剂的NiWF（x）/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,并采用X射线衍射（XRD）、N₂吸附、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、NH₃-TPD和高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）等手段对其结构和物化性质进行了表征,同时在固定床反应器上考察了其加氢脱氮（HDN）和加氢脱硫（HDS）活性,反应原料为中国内蒙中低温煤焦油。结果显示,随着F含量的增加,催化剂孔容和孔径没有明显变化,但比表面积减小。催化剂在643 K下硫化6 h后,其硫化度随着F含量的增加而减少,强酸位数和总酸位数呈现先略微增加后减少的趋势。高分辨透射电子显微镜测试表明,硫化后的催化剂中含有具有典型层状结构的WS₂。F含量对NiWF（x）/γ-Al₂O₃的煤焦油HDN性能有较大影响,但对其HDS活性影响很弱。     

Effects of fabrication parameters on the enzyme loading and sensor response of enzyme-carrying conductive polymer electrodes.

Hydrogen peroxide sensors where horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is incorporated into pyrrole/3-alkylsulfonate pyrrole copolymer films deposited on an SnO2 electrode (HRP/Py-PS electrode) were investigated with regard to the effects of the fabrication parameters (electropolymerization charge, deposition current density, and electrodeposition solution pH) on the amount of surface-immobilized enzyme and the sensor response. The amount of incorporated enzyme was determined with a method recently developed by ourselves. The results suggest that the amount of entrapped enzyme increases almost linearly with the total charge passed, and strongly depends on the polymer film growth rate and the electropolymerization pH. These findings open up a way to control the amount of enzyme and the resultant response of the biosensor by modifying the preparation conditions.     

负载型AgBr/CaWO4催化剂的制备及其可见光催化活性

采用化学取代的方式将AgBr负载到Ca WO₄载体上形成新型的AgBr/Ca WO₄复合结构光催化剂.利用XRD、SEM和UV-Vis对AgBr/Ca WO₄催化剂进行了表征.在可见光条件下(500 W、λ>420 nm)研究了AgBr的负载量、催化剂用量对甲基橙(MO)溶液的催化降解性能.结果表明,AgBr/Ca WO₄在可见光下表现出良好的催化活性,甲基橙溶液的降解遵从假一级动力学方程.AgBr的负载量和催化剂用量分别增加时,AgBr/Ca WO₄催化剂对甲基橙的催化活性增强,均趋向于最大值.     

邻甲酚在类水滑石、焙烧及改性类水滑石上的吸附

用液相非稳态共沉淀法制备了Mg-Al 类水滑石(HTlc); Mg-Al HTlc 于450 ℃下焙烧得焙烧类水滑石(CHTlc); 采用结构重建法由CHTlc 制备了十二烷基硫酸根(DS－)插层(改性)类水滑石(DS·HTlc). 研究了邻甲酚在Mg-Al HTlc,CHTlc 和DS·HTlc 上的吸附行为: 邻甲酚在Mg-Al HTlc, CHTlc 和DS·HTlc 上的吸附动力学和等温式均分别符合准二级动力学方程和Freundlich 方程, 且吸附速率和吸附量大小均依次为: DS·HTlc>>CHTlc>HTlc; 在初始pH＝5.00～13.00 范围内, 邻甲酚在HTlc 和CHTlc 上的吸附量随pH 值的增加先增加后减小, 随温度的增加而增加, 邻甲酚在DS·HTlc 的吸附量随pH 值和温度的增加而降低; 邻甲酚在HTlc, CHTlc 和DS·HTlc 上的吸附量均随电解质(NaCl)浓度的增加而增加, 探讨了吸附机理. 研究结果表明, DS·HTlc 有望成为一种新型的高效酚类有机污染物处理剂.     

NO气体在TiO2表面的吸附行为

采用TPD (Temperature Programmed Desorption)试验方法测定了NO在TiO₂表面吸附后的脱附谱, 揭示了气体脱附量的变化规律. 结果表明, NO在TiO₂表面吸附后可在两个峰值温度450和980 K脱附出N₂气体, 其活化能分别是0.48 和2.5 eV. TiO₂表面经预覆氧处理后, N₂的脱附量降低. N₂的脱附量随NO气体暴露量增加而增加, 但当气体覆盖度超过一定值后, 脱附量趋于定值. 脱附峰值温度随气体暴露量的增加而降低.     

醇-盐双水相技术去除废水中的酚类物质

A novel method for treatment of phenolic compounds in cokery wastewater by propyl-alcohol ammonium sulfate aqueous two-phase system was investigted.The effects of the amount of ammonium sulfate used,the amount of propyl-alcohol used,pH value on extractield was studied.Extraction was optimized using a L9(34)orthogonal test.The results indicated optimum extraction conditions were the amount of ammonium sulfate used of 18.0 g,the amount of propyl-alcohol used of 16 mL,and pH value of 3.0.A extraction yield of 99.37% was achived under optimum extraction conditions and via secondary extraction.     

Effect of cationic monomer on properties of fluorinated acrylate latex

Cationic fluorinated acrylate latex was prepared via semi-continuous emulsion copolymerization of cationic monomer and other monomers.The resultant latex and its film were characterized with dynamic light scattering detector and contact anglc meter. Influences of amount of DMDAAC on the propcrtics of resultant latex and its film were investigated in detail.Results show that the particle size of the latex has the minimum value and the zeta potential of the latex is increased when the amount of DMDAAC is increased.In addition,the particle size of the latex is unimodal distribution when the amount of DMDAAC is not more than 2.5%. However,the particle size of the latex is bimodal distribution when the amount of DMDAAC is more than 2.5%.The contact angle is varied slightly with the increase of amount of DMDAAC when it is not more than 2.5%.Nevertheless,the contact angle is decreased with the increase of the amount of DMDAAC when it is more than 2.5%.     

Measurements of Liquid-Phase Adsorption under High Pressure

Adsorption equilibria at about 1000 atm were measured for aqueous solutions of aromatic compounds. No significant difference between the isotherms at atmospheric pressure and at 1000 atm was found for nitrobenzene and ethylbenzene on activated carbon fiber. The decrease in the amount adsorbed due to the solubility increase with pressure and the increase in the amount adsorbed caused by compression of the adsorbed phase were considered to cancel each other. On the other hand, pressure had a marked effect on the adsorption of L-phenylalanine on a macroreticular adsorbent, resulting in a 1.5 to 2 times larger amount adsorbed at 1500 atm. The pressure effect was greater with larger amounts adsorbed. This implies that the molar volume of the adsorbed state is smaller than those of the pure state and dissolved state, and varies with the amount adsorbed.     

[Fe(CN)6]4-在溴碘化银T-颗粒乳剂中的掺杂

本文研究了K₄[Fe(CN)₆]掺杂对溴碘化银T-颗粒乳剂感光性能的影响.结果表明,掺杂剂的掺杂量以及掺杂位置对乳剂的感光性能都有影响.K₄[Fe(CN)₆]的掺杂量在每克乳剂31×10^-9-31×10^-11mol之间时,乳剂感光度都有提高.最佳掺杂量为每克乳剂31×10-10mol.掺杂位置接近表面时效果相对较好,表明K₄[Fe(CN)₆]是浅电子陷阱掺杂剂.当掺杂剂的掺杂量大于每克乳剂31×10^-8mol,且掺杂位置在乳剂颗粒较深内部时,乳剂的感光度反而下降.     

Partition Affinity Ligand Assay (PALA)

In a competitive binding assay, the ligand to be quantified competes with a fixed amount of labeled ligand for the sites on a limiting amount of binding protein. The amount of label bound is therefore dependent on the ratio between native and labeled ligand. In a binding assay, one must separate the free ligands from bound. The better the separation, the higher the sensitivity of the assay. But effective methods are often laborious and time-consuming and thus we have developed a novel approach, the Partition Affinity Ligand Assay (PALA).