菊花微量及宏量元素分析

用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法测定了药用野菊花和抗白菊及６种人工栽培菊花中Ａｓ，Ｂ、Ｂａ、Ｃａ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ、Ｍｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｅ、Ｓｉ、Ｖ、Ｚｎ、Ｐ、Ｓ、Ｋ等元素的含量。结果表明：（１）菊花中Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｐ、Ｓ、Ｋ含量很高，Ｂ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ也有较高的含量；（２）野菊花中Ｂ、Ｃａ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ含量较其他品种高、，抗白菊中Ｍｎ、Ｓｅ、Ｓ含量高地其他品种；（３）代栽培的菊花Ｋ、Ｐ含量高于     

The Pan-American NanoBiophotonics Team

This invited Team Profile was created by the Zheng Lab (UHN, Toronto, Canada ), the CEPOF BioPhotonics Lab (USP, São Carlos, Brazil) , and the BiOPI Lab (UC Chile, Santiago, Chile) . They recently published an article on an Indocyanine Green (ICG) nanoemulsion in which 100 % dimerization and J-aggregation occurs spontaneously afford a nanostructured shell of dimeric ICG (Nano-dICG). This material demonstrates superior photothermal conversion efficiency, photostability, and structure stability over ICG, giving an ultra-stable phototheranostic platform for photoacoustic imaging and effective photothermal therapy. “Nanostructure-Driven Indocyanine Green Dimerization Generates Ultra-Stable Phototheranostics Nanoparticles”, N. Kwon, G. O. Jasinevicius, G. Kassab, L. Ding, J. Bu, L. P. Martinelli, V. G. Ferreira, A. Dhaliwal, H. H. L. Chan, Y. Mo, V. S. Bagnato, C. Kurachi, J. Chen, G. Zheng, H. H. Buzzá, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2023 , 62, e202305564 .     

Book Reviews

Abstract

Neure Methoden zur Analyse von Tensiden, H. Konig, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York. 25Abb., VII, 239 pages. 1971, DM 58.00. ISBN 3-540-05581-9. Reviewed by T. Rihs, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Apartado 340, Quito, Ecuador.

P. P. FIETZEK und K. KUHN, H. CLEVER, H. KRECH, W. MARKS, F. OEHME: “Automation in Analytical Chemistry” 32 Abb., 103 Seiten, 1972, DM 28, -, U.S. $8.90. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York. ISBN 3-540-05758-7. Begutachtet von S. Wolf, Hoffman-La Roche, Basle, Switzerland.     

Irradiation of elements from Z = 44 to Z = 82 with 10-mev protons and application to activation analysis

The sensitivities for the determination of 19 elements from Z = 44 to Z = 82, by means of 10-MeV proton activation, have been calculated from experimentally measured yields for 51 radioisotopes obtained mainly via (p,n) reactions. For an irradiation of 1 h at a beam current of 1 μA, the sensitivities established experimentally are about 0.02–2 p.p.m. for Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te and I, 0.5–100 p.p.m. for In, W, Re, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl and Pb, and 15–900 p.p m- for Rh and Ba. Experimental results for the non-destructive analysis of these 19 elements in Al, Ag, Au, Co, Dy, Ho, Ir, Nb, Pr, Rh, Si, Ta and Tb, are presented.     

Book Reviews

Abstract

Aquatic Chemistry: An Introduction Emphasizing Chemical Equilibria in Natural Waters. Werner Stumm and James L. Morgan. Wiley-Interscience, New York, London, Sydney, Toronto 1971. XV+582 pages. Reviewed by R. P. Walser, Quality Control, Pharmaceutical Division, Sandoz Ltd., Basle, Switzerland

Residue Reviews. Edited by F. A. Günther, Springer Verlag, New York, Vols. 34, 38, and 40, 1971. Reviewed by O. Hutzinger, Atlantic Regional Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, on the Swedish market from 1964 to 1968, by S. Renvall and M. Âkerblom (Vol. 34, p. 1).

Pesticide residue analysis in the presence of Polychlorobiphenyls (PCB), by L. M. Reynolds (Vol. 34, p. 27).

Development of the Food and Drug Administration's method of analysis for multiple residues of organochlorine pesticides in foods and feeds, by J. A. Burke (Vol. 34, p. 59).

Carbamate insecticide residues in plant material: Determination by gas chromatography, by I. H. Williams (Vol. 38, p. 1).

Analytical methods for the determination of fumigants, by B. Malone (Vol. 38, p. 21).

Recent applications of mass spectrometry and combined gas chromatographymass spectrometry to pesticide residue analysis, by F. J. Biros (Vol. 40, p. 1).     

Book Reviews

Abstract

HANDBOOK FOR ESTIMATING PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, by M. Reinhard and A. Drefal, 228 pages, J. Wiley, New York (1999). ISBN 0—471—172634. UK £ 210.00

THE CHEMISTRY OF POLLUTION, by G. Fellenberg, 192 pp. J. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, U.K. (1999). ISBN 0—471—980889. UK£ 24,95.

NATURAL ATTENUATION OF FUELS AND CHLORINATED SOLVENTS IN THE SUBSURFACE, by T.H. Wiedemeier, H.S. Rifai, C.J. Newell and J.T. Wilson, 617 pages, J. Wiley, New York (1999). ISBN 0—471—19749—1. UK £ 58.50

UNDERSTANDING OUR ENVIRONMENT, 3^rd, edition, edited by R.M. Harrison, 445 pages, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (UK) (1999). ISBN 0—85404—584—8. UK£ 19.95

ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS, Vol. 12 of Issues in Environmental Science and Technology, edited by R.E. Hester and R.H. Harrison, 152 pages, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (U.K.) (1999). ISBN 0—85404—255—5. UK£ 25,00

METHOD PERFORMANCE STUDIES FOR SPECIATION ANALYSIS. by P. Quevauviller, 271 pages, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (U.K.) (1998). ISBN 0—85404—467—1. UK£ 59.50

GLOBAL AQUATIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, by H.D. Kumar and D.P. Häder, 393 pages, Springer, Berlin (1999). ISBN 3—540—65369—4. USD 229.00

BIOACCUMULATION. New Aspects and Developments, edited by B. Beek, 284 pages, Springer, Heidelberg, 2000. ISBN 3—540—62575. USD 143.00

INTERLABORATORY STUDIES AND CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS. The BCR approach, by Ph. Quevauviller and E.A. Maier, 558 pages, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam NL, (1999). ISBN 0—444—82389—1. USD 251.50 (Euro 224.62).     

BOOK REVIEW

Edited by M. J. Clarke, P. Hemmerich, C. K. Jorgensen, J. B. Goodenough, J. A. Ibers, J. B. Neilands, D. Reinen, R. Weiss and R. J. P. Williams, Springer-Verlag, Berlin     

Natural radioactivity in Brazilian bottled mineral waters and consequent doses

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) has been applied tomultielement determination of five medicinal plants which are used to curevarious diseases in Ghana. These are: Sirappac powder-E, Tina-A powder, Aphrodisiacpowder, Blighia powder and Olax powder. Concentrations of fifteen elementsAl, Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, K, Mn, Mg, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Ta, V and Zn have beendetermined by short, medium, and long irradiation times with a thermal neutronflux of 5 . 10 11 n . cm –2. s –1 . Of these Co, Sb, and Sc arefound to be present at trace level, Br, Mn, Rb, Ta, V and Zn at the minorlevel and Al, Ca, Cl, K, Mg, and Na are generally at the major level. StandardReference Material NIST SRM-1571(Orchard Leaf) was analysed simultaneouslywith the samples. The precision and accuracy of the method was evaluated usingreal samples and the standard reference material. It was found out that theelemental concentrations measured in the NIST SRM-1571 are within ±10%of the reported values.     

金属有机化合物中金属-配体键能的研究进展

介绍了金属有机物质热力学研究的进展,概述了过渡金属-配体键能的基本概念、估测方式、实验和理论研究方法.收集了已测得的第三副族到第八族所有中性金属有机络合物金属-配体σ-单键绝对键焓的实验值.对第三副族及锕系元素,收集了钪-氢、钪-碳、钍-氢、钍-碳、钍-氮、钍-氧、钍-硫、钍-氯、铀-氢、铀-碳、铀-硅、铀-氧、铀-氯、铀-溴、铀-碘、钐-氢、钐-碳、钐-硅、钐-氮、钐-磷、钐-氧、钐-硫、钐-氯、钐-溴和钐-碘键的键焓.对第四副族元素,收集了钛-碳、锆-氢、锆-碳、锆-硅、锆-氮、锆-氧、锆-氯、锆-碘、铪-氢、铪-碳键的键焓.对第五副族元素,收集了钒-氢、钽-碳键的键焓.对第六副族元素,收集了铬-氢、铬-碳、铬-硅、铬-氮、铬-氙、钼-氢、钼-碳、钼-硅、钼-氮、钼-磷、钼-氯、钼-溴、钼-碘、钼-氙、钨-氢、钨-碳、钨-硅、钨-氮、钨-氩、钨-氪、钨-氙键的键焓.对第七副族元素,收集了锰-氢、锰-碳、锰-硅、锰-氧、锰-硫、锰-氯、锰-溴、锰-碘、锝-氯、锝-溴、锝-碘、铼-氢、铼-碳、铼-氯、铼-溴、铼-碘键的键焓.对第八族元素,收集了铁-氢、铁-碳、铁-氮、铁-氩、铁-氪、铁-氙、钌-氢、钌-碳、钌-磷、锇-氢、锇-碳、钴-氢、钴-碳、铑-氢、铑-碳、铱-氢、铱-碳、铱-氯、铱-溴、铱-碘、镍-碳、镍-硫、钯-碳、铂-氢、铂-碳键的键焓.但未包括平均键焓值.此外,还收集了铁-氢、铁-碳、铁-氮、铁-磷、铁-羰基、铁-亚硝基、铁-氧分子、铁-硼、铁-铝、铁-镓、铁-铟、铁-铊键的理论计算值以及金属有机片断和离子的键焓.     

Durchflu?methoden zur Bestimmung von Hauptkomponenten in Gew?ssern, Regenwasser und Trinkwasser

Zusammenfassung Eine Literaturübersicht über Durchflußbestimmungen von Hauptkomponenten in verschiedenen Wassertypen wird gegeben. Die diskutierten Hauptkomponenten sind: Alkalität, Chlorid, Nitrit, Nitrat, Phosphat, Sulfat, Ammonium, Kalium, Lithium, Natrium, Barium, Calcium, Magnesium und Strontium. Einzelheiten der referierten Methoden, wie z.B. Wasserart, Bereich der Methode, Störungen usw. werden in einer separat angefertigten Übersicht dargestellt, die von der Redaktion auf Anforderung erhältlich ist.

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Flow analysis for the determination of the main components of waters, rain water and drinking water

Summary A survey of the literature concerning flow-through determination of the main components in various types of water is given. These components are: alkalinity, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, sulphate, ammonium, potassium, lithium, sodium, barium, calcium, magnesium and strontium. Details with regard to e.g. type of water, range of the method, interferences etc. are given in a separate compilation which is available from the editor upon request.

     

From homogeneous dispersion to micelles-a molecular dynamics simulation on the compromise of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate in aqueous solution

The structural and functional diversity of surfactant systems has attracted simulation works in atomistic, coarse grain, and mesoscopic models (Bandyopadhyay, S.; et al. Langmuir 2000, 16, 942; Senapati, S.; et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 12906; Maiti, P. K.; et al. Langmuir 2002, 18, 1908; Srinivas, G.; et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 8153; Groot, R. D.; et al. J. Chem. Phys. 1999, 110, 9739; Rekvig, L.; et al. Langmuir 2003, 19, 8195). However, atomistic models have suffered from their tremendous computational cost and are, so far, not able to simulate the structural behaviors in sufficient spatio-temporal scales (Shelley, J. C.; Shelley, M. Y. Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 2000, 5, 101). The other two approaches are not microscopic enough to describe the configurations of the surfactants that determine their behaviors (Shelley and Shelley). In this study, we propose to simplify atomistic models based on the observation that the compromise of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic effects (Li, J.; Kwauk, M. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2003, 58, 521-535) and molecular structures of surfactants are the dominant factors shaping their structures in the systems. With this simplification, we are able to simulate with moderate computing cost the whole process of micelle formation from an initially uniform dispersion of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in aqueous solution. The resulting micelle structures are different from those predicted by atomistic simulations that started with a predefined micelle configuration at the same surfactant concentrations. However, if we use their initial micelle configuration, micelle structures the same as theirs are obtained. Analyses show that our results are more realistic and that the results of the atomistic simulations suffer from artificial initial conditions. Therefore, our model may serve as a reasonable simplification of atomistic models in terms of the general structure of micelles.     

Berberis alkaloids. XXIX. An investigation of the alkaloids ofBerberis sibirica

The alkaloid compositions of the roots, young shoots, and leaves of Berberis sibirica have been studied, and berberine, palmatine, columbamine, berberrubine, oxyacanthine, berbamine, 8-oxoberberine, 8-oxoberrberubine, pakistanine, and pronunciferine, and also the new base N-acetylhomoveratrylamine have been isolated. This is the first time that any of these alkaloids, except berberine, have been isolated from this plant. Andizhan State Medical Institute. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbekistan Republic, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 424–428, May–June, 1993.     

Donorstärken in 1,2-Dichloräthan, 4. Mitt.

Zusammenfassung Es wurden die Donorzahlen folgender Lösungsmittel auf kalorimetrischem Wege gewonnen: Acetylchlorid, Nitromethan, Nitrobenzol, Acetanhydrid, Benzonitril, Sulfolan, Benzylcyanid, Äthylensulfit,i-Butyronitril, Propionitril, Äthylencarbonat,n-Butyronitril, Tetrahydrofuran, Tributylphosphat, N,N-Diäthylformamid, N,N-Diäthylacetamid und Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid. Die Ergebnisse werden hinsichtlich induktiver, mesomerer und sterischer Effekte diskutiert.

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The donor numbers have been determined by calorimetric measurements for the following solvents: acetyl chloride, nitromethane, nitrobenzene, acetic anhydride, benzonitrile, sulfolane, benzylcyanide, ethylene sulfite,i-butyronitrile, propionitrile, ethylene carbonate,n-butyronitrile, tetrahydrofuran, tributyl phosphate, N,N-diethylformamide, N,N-diethylacetamide and hexamethylphosphoramide. The results are discussed with respect to inductive, mesomeric and steric effects.

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3. Mitt.:V. Gutmann undU. Mayer, Mh. Chem.98, 294 (1967).     

Sequence- and chain-length-specific complementary double-helix formation

The artificial sequential strands consisting of two, three, or four m-terphenyl groups joined by diacetylene linkers with complementary binding sites, either the chiral amidine (A) or achiral carboxyl (C) group, were synthesized in a stepwise manner. Using circular dichroism and (1)H NMR spectroscopies along with liquid chromatography, we showed that, when three dimeric molecular strands (AA, CC, and AC) or six trimeric molecular strands (AAA, CCC, AAC, CCA, ACA, and CAC) were mixed in solution, the complementary strands were sequence-specifically hybridized to form one-handed double-helical dimers AA.CC and (AC) 2 or trimers AAA.CCC, AAC.CCA, and ACA.CAC, respectively, through complementary amidinium-carboxylate salt bridges. Upon the addition of CCA to a mixture of AAA, AAC, and ACA, the AAC.CCA double helix was selectively formed and then isolated from the mixture by chromatography. Moreover, the homo-oligomer mixtures of amidine or carboxylic acid from the monomers to tetramers (A, AA, AAAA, C, CC, and CCCC) assembled with a precise chain length specificity to form A.C, AA.CC, and AAAA.CCCC, which were separated by chromatography.     

Characteristics of a miniature compartment-less glucose-O2 biofuel cell and its operation in a living plant

We report the temperature, pH, glucose concentration, NaCl concentration, and operating atmosphere dependence of the power output of a compartment-less miniature glucose-O(2) biofuel cell, comprised only of two bioelectrocatalyst-coated carbon fibers, each of 7 micro m diameter and 2 cm length (Mano, N.; Mao, F.; Heller, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 12962). The bioelectrocatalyst of the anode consists of glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger electrically "wired" by polymer I, having a redox potential of -0.19 V vs Ag/AgCl. That of the cathode consists of bilirubin oxidase from Trachyderma tsunodae "wired" by polymer II having a redox potential of +0.36 V vs Ag/AgCl (Mano, N.; Kim, H.-H.; Zhang, Y.; Heller, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 6480. Mano, N.; Kim, H.-H.; Heller, A. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 8842). Implantation of the fibers in the grape leads to an operating biofuel cell producing 2.4 micro W at 0.52 V.     

Multielemental Analysis of Human Serum by Dynamic Reaction Cell–Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The selection of the most suitable dilution methods for determination of trace elements in human serum using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is reported. The trace elements were Al, V, Cr, Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sn, Tl, and Pb. The performance of various dilution methods was assessed by precision, linearity, detection limits, quantification limits, fortified recoveries, and the analysis of reference materials. The results demonstrate that diluted solution containing only nitric acid is most suitable for As, Cr, Mn, and Co in serum. Dilute solutions containing nitric acid and Triton X-100 were most appropriate for Cu, Zn, Cd, and Tl. The optimum conditions for Al, V, Mn, Fe, Cr, Co, Sn, and Pb used tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide, Triton X-100, and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid.     

Optimization of CZE for analysis of phytochemical bioactive compounds

Advantages of CZE such as high efficiency, low cost, short analysis time, and easy implementation result in its wide applications for analysis of phytochemical bioactive compounds (e.g. flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic acid, saponins, anthraquinones and coumarins). However, several aspects, including sample preparation, separation, and detection have significant effects on CZE analysis. Therefore, optimization of these procedures is necessary for development of the method. In this review, sample preparation such as extraction method and preconcentration, separation factors including buffer type, concentration and pH, additives, voltage and temperature, as well as detection, e.g. direct and indirect UV detection, LIF and MS were discussed for optimization of CZE analysis on phytochemical bioactive compounds. The optimized strategies were also reviewed.     

Different approaches for fabrication of low-cost electrochemical sensors

Electrochemistry combined with economical and sustainable platforms (such as paper) provides portable, affordable, robust, and user-friendly devices. In general, techniques, such as photolithography and sputtering, are excellent alternatives for producing these platforms. However, owing to the requirement of expensive and sophisticated instrumentation, as well as cleanroom facilities, these techniques have limited access. Thus, the search for easy to use and produce approaches have been reported, using consumables, including adhesives, carbon ink, graphite, pencil, office paper, paperboard, among others. In this sense, in this mini-review, we discuss various strategies explored to fabricate low-cost electrochemical sensors, including its main applications. Different manufacturing methods, such as screen and stencil printing, laser-scribing, and pencil drawing, will be discussed here, emphasizing the performance of the obtained devices, in addition to their advantages and disadvantages.     

An Energy-dispersive Miniprobe Multielement Analyzer (EMMA) for direct analysis of Pb and other trace elements in peats

An Energy-dispersive Miniprobe Multielement Analyzer (EMMA) was designed and constructed for sensitive, rapid, and non-destructive analysis of trace elements (As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hf, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, Th, Y, U, Zn) in small (e.g. 50 microm) samples such as individual mineral grains from rocks. An alternative configuration of the EMMA instrument is described here for use with larger samples such as powders of coal, soil, sediments, and plant materials. To minimize heterogeneity problems, a larger X-ray beam size (0.1 x 6 mm) was used by installing a different collimator, and the sample holder rotated 25 times per minute. Using this approach, Rb, Sr, Cu, Zn and Pb were measured in peat samples collected from bogs in Switzerland and northern Scotland. The detection limit for Pb, for example, is approximately 0.3 microg/g which is one order of magnitude better than conventional XRF analyzers. For comparison, Pb was also measured in acid digests of the same samples using GFAAS. The Pb results obtained using EMMA are comparable to the GFAAS data for the continental peat samples. However, in the Cl-rich samples from the maritime bogs, the GFAAS signal was strongly suppressed, and an accurate comparison of the two methods was not possible. The EMMA technique, therefore, has three advantages over conventional GFAAS: first, no sample dissolution is required; second, several elements of interest are determined simultaneously; and third, the EMMA technique is not subject to matrix interferences.