辐射加热金X光再发射时间测量

利用星光Ⅱ三倍频激光打双盘靶，研究了辐射加热材料的Ｘ光发射时间。激光脉冲能量４０～６０Ｊ、脉冲宽度６００～７００ｐｓ。通过两台时间关联的亚千Ｘ光能谱仪分别监测双盘靶初、次级发射Ｘ光谱，给出了辐射加热次级Ｘ光再发射时间。     

利用金刚石探测器测量软X光辐射功率

使用天然Ⅱａ型金刚石光电导探测器（ＰＣＤ），测量激光等离子体发射的软Ｘ光辐射。由于探测器在２００ｅＶ～２２００ｅＶ之间具有平响应特性，可以不加滤片直接测量Ｘ光功率和能量。金刚石ＰＣＤ与软Ｘ光能谱仪和平响应Ｘ光二级管的测量结果基本一致。     

双电子复合过程在激光—Au耙耦合物理中的作用

描述了考虑双电子复合过程的平均原子模型,通过与流体力学耦合计算,对双电子复合过程在激光－Ａｕ靶耦合物理中的作用者了总体计算,结果表明,双电子复合对等离子体状态及Ｘ光转换等有明显影响,特别表现在晕区电子温度、电离度的降低,激光－Ｘ光的转换效率凤及Ｘ光的发光变宽等。     

0.35μm激光—铝靶X射线转换效率测量和简化模型

利用“星Ⅱ”０．３５μｍ激光辐照铝靶，得到了对于不同激光功率密度亚千Ｘ光转换效率，并提出了一个简化理论模型，来解释０．３５μｍ激光辐照铝靶Ｘ光转换效率。在这个模型中，由于热传损失激光能量，因此对于低功率密度激光，Ｘ光转换效率较低，同时对于高密度激光，由于等离子体喷射损失激光能量，因此转换效率也较低。     

激光产生等离子体辐射X射线特性研究

本文报导激光等离子体辐射Ｘ射线的测量方法和结果。在“星光”装置上,用１．６μｍ激光辐照Ｎａ／Ｆ和铜靶。用平晶谱仪测量等离子体辐射Ｘ射线绝对强度,并研究了辐射Ｘ射线强度与入射激光功率密度的关系,测量了靶前后辐射强度之比,为光电离机制的Ｘ光激光研究提供了较重要的数据。     

水窗波段附近激光等离子体X光辐射产生的途径

讨论了利用激光等离子体产生水窗波段Ｘ光辐射的可能途径。靶材，即原子序数的选取是决定产生这一波段辐射的基本因素，利用激光等离子体的平衡态和非平衡态特性都可在水窗波段产生亮度Ｘ光辐射，提出利用黑体辐射来实现水窗波段Ｘ光显微成像研究的方案。     

激光等离子体X光辐射非平衡特性实验研究

在ＬＦ－１１和ＬＦ－１２高功率激光装置上进行的实验中，设计了一些特定的激光束－金腔靶－探测器条件，创造了激光直接加热、准辐射加热和激光、Ｘ光混合加热三种物理条件，采用软Ｘ光透射光栅能谱时空分辨技术，测量了腔靶、缝靶和双孔靶等高分辨Ｘ光能谱，研究了激光等离子体Ｘ光辐射非平衡特性。     

激光X光转换研究中解三温方程的两种差分格式

在激光Ｘ光转换规律的研究中必须认真讨论辐射的计算，本文提出了解电子，离子，光子三温相脱离的能量方程的两种差分格式，即隐式格式的整全迭代求解和分裂格式解法，文中介绍了能量交换项与其它项分开计算的分步方法，并考察了对温度变化的影响，数值计算表明结果是正确有效的。     

0．53μm激光与等离子体相互作用实验研究

利用神光－Ⅰ激光装置的南路光束经ＫＤＰ晶体倍频后的０．５３μｍ激光与金盘靶相互作用，重点研究了吸收、Ｘ光转换、ＳＲＳ、超热电子和离子发射行为。结果表明，采用短波长激光，吸收和Ｘ－光转换率明显提高。     

双束黑洞靶辐射特性实验研究

本文着重介绍在“神光”装置上两路对打黑洞靶辐射特性实验研究。利用两台配置时标装置的亚千电子伏能谱仪(Dante)进行时间关联测量,分别监测双束靶吸收转换区和内爆压缩区泄漏X光谱脉冲波形、辐射能谱、辐射温度、辐射时间谱及其辐射温度随时间变化关系。同时进行了大量不同型号黑洞靶实验,给出吸收转换区辐射温度随注入激光能量面密度变化的关系曲线及其定标关系式。实验中,首次把掠入射平面反射镜用于亚千X光能谱测量,并取得预想的结果。     

X光焦斑测量方法研究

采用组合型诊断技术获取Ｘ光辐射时间、空间、能谱相互关联的３维信息,得到了Ｘ光焦斑随时间和随入射激光能量的变化关系,并观测到膨胀等离子体、探测器阈值、测量能区以及测试方位对Ｘ光焦斑测量带来的影响。     

金箔靶背侧X光辐射的实验研究

利用星光Ⅱ激光装置钕玻璃三倍频激光辐照金箔靶，实验研究了金箔靶背侧发射的Ｘ光能谱，时间过程和秀过激光能量。结果表明：金箔背侧发的Ｘ光可以作为一种较干净的强Ｘ光射源。     

半腔靶辐射场研究中M带X光角分布测量

 在“神光Ⅱ”实验条件下，通过在半腔靶底部开大约200μm的小孔来模拟测量内爆靶丸附近的M带X光发射的角分布。介绍了实验中采用的诊断方法和实验方法，并给出了典型的实验结果。实验结果表明从半腔靶漏口所开200μm的小孔出射的M带X光不遵从cosθ分布。实验结果有助于对黑腔物理图像的理解，并为内爆实验设计提供实验依据。     

改进型双盘靶实验与分析

 采用改进型双盘靶结构,初级改用为斜柱腔结构,激光加热初级薄箔,后向出射的X光烧蚀次级,这样降低初级等离子体喷射的影响,使烧蚀次级的X光更纯净。采用X光条纹相机测量双盘靶等离子体喷射的时空扫描图象,采用两台软X光谱仪分别对初级和次级辐射的X光进行测量,研究次级盘对初级发射的X光谱的改造。测量结果表明：这种结构的双盘靶基本上能避免初级盘喷射等离子体的影响,初级盘后向辐射的X光谱具有明显 的N和O带谱结构,而次级辐射的X光谱主要以O带为主。     

Influence of intense soft X-ray radiation on the parameters of tracks induced in CR-39 and PM-355 solid state nuclear track detectors

This paper presents the results of the influence of soft X-ray radiation on craters induced in SSNTDs by energetic α particles and protons of energy in the MeV range. We checked two detectors of the PM-355 and CR-39 types in order to verify and compare their resistance to the harsh conditions of high-temperature plasma experiments. To determine this effect some detector samples were first irradiated with α particles emitted from natural α particle sources and protons delivered by a particle accelerator. After that these samples were exposed to soft X ray radiation emitted from an X ray tube and also from the PF-1000 Plasma Focus facility. Doses during X ray irradiations varied from 0 up to tens of kGy. The irradiated samples were then etched in steps and track diameters were determined versus the absorbed dose and etching time and compared with those measured in samples not exposed to X ray radiation.     

大气层外核爆炸X－射线辐射场特性研究

Ｘ射线被认为是大气层外反导栏截武器的主要破坏因素。在航天器结构材料的辐射损伤计算中，需要核爆炸Ｘ射线辐射场的数学模式。从Ｐｌａｎｃｋ黑体谱出发，提出按温度梯度分层的归一化黑体谱组合模式，给出Ｘ－射线的释放能量及辐射脉冲，从而建立了大气层外核栏截Ｘ－射线辐射场特性的数学模式     

X射线辐射在双孔柱腔靶中传输实验研究

在“星光Ⅱ”装置上,采用双孔柱腔靶研究辐射在空腔中轴向传输变化特性.提出“漏水管”辐射输运的简化模型,用来分析X射线在空腔中的传输的实验结果。分析结果表明,简化模型与实验结果基本相符.X射线输运的结果是输运末端的X射线减弱,辐射持续的时间增大,等离子体弛豫时间增大 关键词： 双孔柱腔靶 辐射传输 “漏水管”模型     

Measurement of L subshell fluorescence yield ratios of some high Z elements by selective excitation method

The L₁, L₂ and L₃ subshells of Hf, Ta and Re atoms have been excited selectively by using microprobe XRF beam line, Indus‐2, RRCAT, India. The consequent characteristic L X‐ray photons, emitted from the targets due to creations of vacancies in L subshells, are measured using silicon drift detector (X‐123) spectrometer. As the energy of synchrotron radiation increases, the contribution of characteristic L X‐ray intensity increases. The advantage of the increase in the intensity of the characteristic L X‐ray photons with an increase in the energy of synchrotron radiation has been used to determine the L subshell fluorescence yield ratios of Hf, Ta and Re atoms by adopting the selective excitation method. The measured ratios of L subshell fluorescence yield have been compared with theoretical and other experimental values.     

An estimation of EDXRF spectrometer properties,based on a two‐layer composite Si‐Ge detector

A mathematical model for the two‐layer composite Si‐Ge energy dispersive X‐ray detector is proposed, based on analyses of radiation and electron transport in the detector, and a mathematical model of an energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescent spectrometer with the detector is considered. The Monte Carlo method is applied to calculate probabilities of photon detection in different parts of the detector's response function. The composite detector with the time anti‐coincidence scheme is proposed; its first layer is Si detector, and the second layer is Ge detector. It is shown that this composite detector has some advantages, such as reduced Ge photo escape peaks intensities and efficiency of detection of high energy photons similar to efficiency of Ge detector. Applying the X‐ray detector for the energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescent spectrometer provides for a lower background level. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fluorescence imaging of reactive oxygen species by confocal laser scanning microscopy for track analysis of synchrotron X‐ray photoelectric nanoradiator dose: X‐ray pump–optical probe

Bursts of emissions of low‐energy electrons, including interatomic Coulomb decay electrons and Auger electrons (0–1000 eV), as well as X‐ray fluorescence produced by irradiation of large‐Z element nanoparticles by either X‐ray photons or high‐energy ion beams, is referred to as the nanoradiator effect. In therapeutic applications, this effect can damage pathological tissues that selectively take up the nanoparticles. Herein, a new nanoradiator dosimetry method is presented that uses probes for reactive oxygen species (ROS) incorporated into three‐dimensional gels, on which macrophages containing iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) are attached. This method, together with site‐specific irradiation of the intracellular nanoparticles from a microbeam of polychromatic synchrotron X‐rays (5–14 keV), measures the range and distribution of OH radicals produced by X‐ray emission or superoxide anions () produced by low‐energy electrons. The measurements are based on confocal laser scanning of the fluorescence of the hydroxyl radical probe 2‐[6‐(4′‐amino)phenoxy‐3H‐xanthen‐3‐on‐9‐yl] benzoic acid (APF) or the superoxide probe hydroethidine‐dihydroethidium (DHE) that was oxidized by each ROS, enabling tracking of the radiation dose emitted by the nanoradiator. In the range 70 µm below the irradiated cell, radicals derived mostly from either incident X‐ray or X‐ray fluorescence of ION nanoradiators are distributed along the line of depth direction in ROS gel. In contrast, derived from secondary electron or low‐energy electron emission by ION nanoradiators are scattered over the ROS gel. ROS fluorescence due to the ION nanoradiators was observed continuously to a depth of 1.5 mm for both oxidized APF and oxidized DHE with relatively large intensity compared with the fluorescence caused by the ROS produced solely by incident primary X‐rays, which was limited to a depth of 600 µm, suggesting dose enhancement as well as more penetration by nanoradiators. In conclusion, the combined use of a synchrotron X‐ray microbeam‐irradiated three‐dimensional ROS gel and confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy provides a simple dosimetry method for track analysis of X‐ray photoelectric nanoradiator radiation, suggesting extensive cellular damage with dose‐enhancement beyond a single cell containing IONs.