负载型Au（Pt）／Co3O4催化上H2与CO的共氧化行为

用共沉淀法制备了Au/Co3O4,Pt/Co3O4及Au- Pt/Co3O4催化剂,并考察了其对H2与CO在O2过量情况下完全共氧化的催化作用。结果表明,在三种催化剂上H2与CO之间都存在复杂且各不相同的相互作用。与Pt/Co3O4催化剂上不同,在Au/Co2O4和Au-Pt/Co3O4催化剂上H2严重抑制CO的氧化。同时,Au-Pt/Co3O4催化剂上H2与CO能够在较低的温度（76℃）下有效地实现完全共氧化。TPR结果表明,与Pt/Co3O4催化剂相比,Au-PtCo3O4催化剂上Au的存在使Pt的还原峰消失。     

负载型Au(Pt)/Co3O4催化剂上H2与CO的共氧化行为

用共沉淀法制备了Au/Co3O4,Pt/Co3O4及Au-Pt/Co3O4催化剂,并考察了其对H2与CO在O2过量情况下完全共氧化的催化作用. 结果表明,在三种催化剂上H2与CO之间都存在复杂且各不相同的相互作用. 与Pt/Co3O4催化剂上不同,在Au/Co3O4和Au-Pt/Co3O4催化剂上H2严重抑制CO的氧化. 同时,Au-Pt/Co3O4催化剂上H2与CO能够在较低的温度(76 ℃)下有效地实现完全共氧化. TPR结果表明,与Pt/Co3O4催化剂相比,Au-Pt/Co3O4催化剂上Au的存在使Pt的还原峰消失.     

二甲醚部分氧化重整制氢中的部分氧化催化剂的考察

采用浸渍法制备了一系列负载型贵金属催化剂,与Ni/Al2O3构成双床层催化剂,在连续流动固定床反应器中,进行了二甲醚(DME)部分氧化重整制氢的研究,系统地考察了贵金属类型及其负载量、载体以及还原温度与反应温度的影响.结果表明,Pd/Al2O3催化性能不及Pt/Al2O3和Rh/Al2O3,而Pt/Al2O3和Rh/Al2O3催化性能相当,考虑到价格因素,选择了Pt/Al2O3作为本反应催化剂.对Pt负载量的考察表明,0.5%Pt/Al2O3催化性能最佳,且Al2O3又比MgO和ZrO2更适合作载体.通过对工艺条件的考察,确定适当的还原温度与反应温度均为700℃.在上述最佳催化剂与反应条件下,DME转化率保持在100%,H2收率可达80%.     

快速功能化碳纳米管载 Pt 催化剂的醇氧化性能(英文)

采用HF刻蚀及交替微波加H2O2相结合的方法进行快速功能化碳纳米管(CNTs),应用红外光谱、拉曼光谱和透射电镜等方法详细考察了CNTs及其载Pt催化剂的物化性质,并采用循环伏安法、线性电流扫描法和计时电流法考察了所得催化剂的电化学性能.结果表明,CNTs经过HF刻蚀和交替微波H2O2双重处理后更适合用作催化剂载体,以10s-on/20s-off加热5次所得CNTs载Pt催化剂显示出最佳的催化性能.这可归因于处理后的CNTs表面含有丰富的微孔及含氧官能团,能有效增强Pt颗粒及CNTs间的相互作用.     

用MS-PSR技术研究甲烷部分氧化反应的引发过程

借助质谱 程序升温表面反应(MS TPSR)技术研究了NiO/悛睞l2O3、700 ℃ H2还原 后的Ni0/悛睞l2O3和添加Pt的NiO/悛睞l2O3催化剂(分别记为NiO、Ni0和Pt NiO)上甲烷 部分氧化反应(POM)的引发行为.结果表明,在CH4＋O2气氛下NiO和Ni0具有相同的引发行为 , Ni0在反应气氛下首先被氧化为NiO.在低于760 ℃时, CH4和O2在NiO上发生深度氧化反 应生成H2O和CO2,在770 ℃开始逐渐引发POM反应. Pt NiO在520 ℃左右就能引发POM反应 .在流化床反应器中Pt NiO催化剂500 ℃左右引发POM反应,并且具有与Ni0基本相同的反应 性能,因此添加Pt有利于氧化镍还原为Ni0,从而降低了POM反应的引发温度.     

NaA分子筛膜催化剂上CO和C2H4混合气的选择性氧化反应

采用二次水热法,在Pt/Al2O3球形催化剂颗粒上合成了致密的NaA分子筛膜.分别以X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对制备的分子筛膜催化剂结构及形貌进行表征,结果显示经二次合成的Pt/Al2O3球形催化剂颗粒上均匀地覆盖一层致密、均一的NaA分子筛膜,膜的厚度约为20 μm.将合成的NaA分子筛膜催化剂用于CO和C2H4混合气氧化反应,考察了催化剂表面分子筛膜对反应物分子的选择性,在最优条件下,CO对C2H4的氧化反应选择性始终维持在96%.这种复合膜催化剂可用于选择性除去C2H4,原料气中的CO.     

高比表面积铝土矿载体的制备及在CO氧化反应中的应用

采用水热法,对天然铝土矿进行改性,获得高比表面积的铝土矿载体(Bauxite)。用等体积浸渍法制备了不同Pt含量的Pt/bauxite和1.0%Pt/Al2O3催化剂,以CO氧化为探针反应,考察了催化剂性能。采用XRF、XRD、低温N2-物理吸附、H2-TPR以及CO-TPD等对载体和催化剂样品进行表征。结果表明:Pt/bauxite催化剂具有优异的CO氧化性能,特别是当反应温度为200℃时,催化剂1.0%Pt/bauxite的CO转化率为93.4%,而1.0%Pt/Al2O3CO转化率仅为9.4%。其原因是铝土矿含有的Fe2O3是CO氧化反应的催化剂,且Fe2O3与负载的Pt之间发生了相互作用,降低了Pt和Fe2O3还原温度,提高了对CO的吸附能力且降低了CO的脱附温度,进而提高了催化剂的CO氧化反应性能。     

Pt/MOx-SiO2 (M=Ce,Zr, Al)催化剂对CO和C3H8氧化性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备质量比为1:1的MOx-SiO2(M=Ce,Zr,Al)复合氧化物,以此为载体采用浸渍法制备了铂基氧化型催化剂.考察了该系列催化剂在模拟柴油车尾气条件下,经SO2硫化前后对C3H8和CO的氧化性能.用X射线衍射(XRD)、低温N2吸附-脱附、氨气/氧气/二氧化碳程序升温脱附(NH3/O2/CO2-TPD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段进行了表征.NH3-TPD证实催化剂表面存在多种酸中心,硫化后催化剂表面中强酸中心增多.O2-TPD证实催化剂表面存在α和β氧物种,硫化后催化剂表面氧脱附量减少.其中Pt/Al2O3-SiO2表面酸性最弱和表面氧脱附量最大.XPS结果表明新鲜催化剂经硫化后会使催化剂表面Pt的结合能降低.活性测试结果表明,三种催化剂对CO和C3H8的催化氧化活性均较好,其中Pt/ZrO2-SiO2抗SO2中毒性能最佳,具有良好的应用前景.     

Pt/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2的催化性能及其氧移动性的 18O 同位素交换表征

 采用浸渍法制备了Pt/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2催化剂,考察了催化剂对乙醇及CO的氧化活性,并采用 18O 同位素交换、乙醇程序升温表面反应(C2H5OH-TPSR)、一氧化碳程序升温脱附(CO-TPD)和程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等技术对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, Pt/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2催化剂表现出较高的乙醇和CO氧化活性,其催化活性随着Pt负载量的增加而提高. 当Pt负载量为3%时,活性最高. 继续增加Pt负载量,催化剂活性下降. C2H5OH-TPSR和CO-TPD结果表明,催化剂对乙醇或CO的氧化活性与从催化剂表面脱附出来的CO2量有对应关系, CO2脱附量越大,催化剂活性越高. 18O 同位素交换结果表明,表面氧交换能力与其氧化活性有一定对应关系,催化剂的表面氧交换能力越高,氧化活性越高.     

Pt/CexZr1-xO2催化剂上丙烷完全氧化性能研究

采用沉淀法制备了ZrO2,CeO2和Ce0.7Zr0.3O2载体,并用浸渍法制备负载型Pt催化剂。考察了500和900℃焙烧催化剂的丙烷完全氧化性能和水汽对丙烷氧化反应的影响。对于500℃焙烧的催化剂,催化剂的丙烷氧化活性顺序为:Pt/ZrO2-500>Pt/CeO2-500>Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-500;而经900℃焙烧的催化剂活性顺序为:Pt/ZrO2-900>Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-900>Pt/CeO2-900。反应气氛中水汽的存在对两种Pt/ZrO2催化剂的活性均有抑制作用(T50温度均提高了10~15℃);而对于Pt/CeO2-500催化剂有抑制作用(T50温度提高10℃),但对Pt/CeO2-900催化剂活性有促进作用(T50温度下降25℃);对于两种Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂活性具有促进作用(T50温度均下降5~25℃)。表征结果表明催化剂的活性与其表面Pt物种价态密切相关,催化剂表面上Pt0物种有利于活性的提高。Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-500催化剂中只含有氧化态Pt物种(Pt^2+),而Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-900催化剂中则含有部分金属态Pt物种,因此其活性高于Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-500催化剂。     

碳黑预处理对Pt/C催化剂对甲醇氧化电催化活性的影响

直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)由于具有较多的优点而受到广泛的关注. 但是碳载Pt (Pt/C)阳极催化剂电催化活性低是限制其应用的一个主要问题. 为了提高Pt/C催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化性能, 分别用CO₂, 空气, H₂O₂或HNO₃对常用作为载体的Vulcan XC-72碳黑进行预处理. 结果表明, 在用CO₂, 空气, HNO₃, H₂O₂处理的及未处理的碳黑作载体制得的Pt/C催化剂电极上, 甲醇氧化峰的峰电流密度顺序为39, 33, 32, 20和18 mA•cm^－2, 表明用CO₂处理的碳载体制备的Pt/C催化剂对甲醇氧化有最好的电催化活性和稳定性. 其主要原因是用CO₂处理能减少碳黑表面的含氧基团和增加石墨化程度, 而使碳黑的电阻降低及Pt粒子在碳黑上的分散性变好.     

Promoting effect of carbon functional groups in methanol oxidation on supported Pt catalyst

The contribution of carbon functional groups (CFG) to methanol oxidation at carbon-supported Pt catalysts is studied in this work. Platinum black, attached in a form of a thin layer to electrochemically treated glassy carbon (GC), is investigated as a model system. Impedance measurements reveal significant changes in capacitive response of GC anodically polarized in H₂SO₄ solution in comparison to unoxidized state. XPS analyses show the increased fraction of oxygen-containing CFGs upon electrochemical treatment of GC. The activity of Pt black attached to oxidized GC for methanol oxidation is more than two times larger in comparison to the catalyst attached to unoxidized GC. Increased activity is most likely due to the promotion of CO_ads removal by increased content of CFGs.     

Bimetallic Cluster Provides a Higher Activity Electrocatalyst for Methanol Oxidation

The cluster complex Pt₂Ru₄(CO)₁₈ was used as a precursor to prepare a 60 wt% 1:2 Pt:Ru nanoparticles on carbon (PtRu/C) for use as an electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation. This bimetallic carbonyl cluster complex was found to provide smaller, more uniform bimetallic nanoparticle that exhibited higher electrocatalytic activity than a 60 wt% 1:1 Pt:Ru commercial catalyst from E-Tek. Using bimetallic cluster precursors simplifies the synthetic procedures by reducing the need for high temperature reduction and assures a more intimate mixing of the two different metals. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the catalyst obtained from the cluster precursor showed bimetallic nanoparticles having a narrow size range of 2–3 nm that were dispersed uniformly over the surface of the support. Images of the commercial catalyst showed particles 3–4 nm in diameter that tended to agglomerate near the edges of the carbon support particles. Cyclic voltammograms of methanol oxidation from the two catalysts showed significantly higher activity for the cluster-derived catalyst. The onset potential for methanol oxidation for the cluster-derived catalyst was approximately 170 mV lower than that of the commercial catalyst at 100 A/g Pt, and approximately 250 mV lower at 400 A/g Pt. ^* This report is dedicated to Prof. Günter Schmid on the occasion of his 70th birthday.     

Relationship between Pt particle size and catalyst activity for catalytic oxidation of ultrahigh‐concentration formaldehyde

The effects of particle size and kinetics of Pt/activated carbon (AC) catalysts on catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) were investigated. AC, f‐SiO₂ and MCM‐41 were used as supports to prepare low‐Pt‐content catalysts using H₂ reduction. Pt/AC catalyst shows the highest activity with the largest Pt particle size. By contrast, 0.1 wt% Pt/AC reduced using KBH₄ has much higher activity than that reduced using H₂, which can oxidize HCHO completely over 6000 ppm at 60°C in a fixed bed reactor. Transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that Pt/AC‐KBH₄ has larger Pt particles and lower valence state than Pt/AC‐H₂, which may be attributed to the ligand effect between Pt⁴⁺ and the AC support. The result of O₂ temperature‐programmed oxidation suggests that highly dispersed Pt⁴⁺ ions have stronger interaction with AC support and thus are harder to be reduced by H₂. Furthermore, Pt/AC is structure‐sensitive and larger‐sized Pt particles result in a high conversion of HCHO. Investigation of kinetics indicated that it is a zero‐order reaction for such a high HCHO concentration condition for Pt/AC‐KBH₄.     

钙钛矿型氧化物负载纳米金属催化剂结构的动态调变及其催化氧化CO反应性能

研究了钛酸钡和钛酸钙担载的Ag和Pt纳米催化剂的表面结构随氧化-还原处理过程的动态变化及其对CO完全氧化反应性能的影响.发现氧化物担载的Ag催化剂在氧化处理后其催化活性较还原处理的高; X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征结果表明,氧化处理能够提高载体表面Ag颗粒的分散度,而还原处理导致Ag颗粒的聚集,从而降低了催化氧化CO反应的活性.氧化-还原处理改变了担载Ag纳米粒子的尺寸并影响其CO氧化反应活性.与此相反,氧化物担载的Pt催化剂在还原处理后所表现出的CO氧化反应活性较氧化处理的高; 对比研究发现,氧化和还原处理后Pt纳米粒子的尺寸基本相同,但是氧化处理的样品中Pt表面物种以氧化态为主,而还原处理后Pt表面物种主要为金属态.Pt纳米粒子表面化学状态随氧化-还原处理的调变是导致表面催化活性差异的主要原因.     

Ce改性的Pt/γ-AlO3催化剂用于富氢气氛下CO选择氧化

研究了Ce改性的Pt/γ-AlO3对于富氢气氛下CO选择氧化反应的催化行为考察了制备条件（共沉积沉淀法、分步沉积沉淀法以及沉积沉淀温度）对催化活性的影响．结果表明，在80℃时用共沉积沉淀方法制备的催化剂Pt/γ-AlO3-CP-80对CO氧化反应表现出良好的活性和选择性，CO转化率在120℃时可以达到85％．利用氢气程序升温还原和原位漫反射红外光谱对不同条件下制备的催化剂进行了表征，分析了Cc的促进作用．     

Catalytic systems based on platinum and heteropoly compounds for oxidation of hydrocarbons with a dioxygen—dihydrogen gaseous mixture

The oxidation of cyclohexane, saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons with an O₂—H₂ gaseous mixture was applied to study the catalytic properties of bicomponent systems based on platinum and heteropoly compounds (HPC). The consumption of gases and the yield of the products depend on the surface area, accessibility of the platinum species to the reactant, and composition of the HPC. The solid Pt samples suspended in an HPC solution, the Pt(5%)—PMo₁₂/Al₂O₃ bicomponent supported system, and the solid bicomponent sample prepared from the [Pt(NH₃)₄][H₂PMo₁₂O₄₀]₂·7H₂O complex salt were used as catalysts. Among the catalysts with the same molar compositions of the active components, the bicomponent materials are much more active in the oxidation than a combination of the Pt catalyst with an HPC solution. The bulk catalyst is a crystalline solid substance with the HPC structure with incorporated Pt species. Molybdenum is predominantly oxidized, and platinum is present in both the reduced and ionic states. The oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons affords alcohols and ketones. The yield of the positional isomers of the oxygenated products increases in the series primary << secondary < tertiary C-atoms. Benzene and toluene are converted into the corresponding phenols in equal yields. The scheme proposed for oxidation assumes the participation of the active hydroxyl radical.     

Pt/MOx(M=Ni,Fe,Co,Ce)催化剂上CO氧化反应中抗H2O与CO2的性能研究

我们研究了4种负载型Pt催化剂（1Pt/NiO、1Pt/FeO_x、1Pt/Co₃O₄和Pt/CeO₂）上不同反应条件下CO氧化活性及抗H₂O和CO₂性能.发现反应气氛中CO₂的加入与CO形成了竞争吸附,并在催化剂表面形成了碳酸盐物种堵塞了活性位,从而导致催化剂失活.反应气氛中H₂O的加入对1Pt/CeO₂催化剂的活性有所抑制,但对1Pt/FeO_x、1Pt/NiO和1Pt/Co₃O₄催化剂的活性却有促进作用.在1Pt/FeO_x和1Pt/CeO₂催化剂上的分步反应实验和动力学研究表明,尽管H₂O的加入在两种催化剂上均与CO形成了竞争吸附,但在1Pt/FeO_x催化剂上H₂O在载体表面解离形成的羟基更易与CO反应,开辟了新的反应途径,从而提高了反应性能.此外,H₂O的加入能有效分解该催化剂上的碳酸盐物种,从而保持了其稳定性.     

Pt and Pt–Ru nanoparticles decorated polypyrrole/multiwalled carbon nanotubes and their catalytic activity towards methanol oxidation

Conducting polymer composite films comprised of polypyrrole (PPy) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) [PPy–CNT] were synthesized by in situ polymerization of pyrrole on carbon nanotubes in 0.1 M HCl containing (NH₄)S₂O₈ as oxidizing agent over a temperature range of 0–5 °C. Pt nanoparticles are deposited on PPy–CNT composite films by chemical reduction of H₂PtCl₆ using HCHO as reducing agent at pH = 11 [Pt/PPy–CNT]. The presence of MWCNTs leads to higher activity, which might be due to the increase of electrochemically accessible surface areas, electronic conductivity and easier charge-transfer at polymer/electrolyte interfaces allowing higher dispersion and utilization of the deposited Pt nanoparticles. A comparative investigation was carried out using Pt–Ru nanoparticles decorated PPy–CNT composites. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that the synthesized Pt–Ru/PPy–CNT catalysts exhibited higher catalytic activity for methanol oxidation than Pt/PPy–CNT catalyst. Such kinds of Pt and Pt–Ru particles deposited on PPy–CNT composite polymer films exhibit excellent catalytic activity and stability towards methanol oxidation, which indicates that the composite films is more promising support material for fuel cell applications.     

The effect of electrochemically treated glassy carbon on the activity of supported Pt catalyst in methanol oxidation

Effect of electrochemical oxidation of glassy carbon on deposition of platinum particles and electrocatalytic activity of platinum supported on oxidized glassy carbon (Pt/GC_OX) were studied for methanol oxidation in H₂SO₄ solution. Platinum was potentiostatically deposited from H₂SO₄ + H₂PtCl₆ solution. Glassy carbon was anodically polarised in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ at 2.25 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE) during 35 s. Electrochemical treatment of GC support, affecting not significantly the real Pt surface area, leads to a better distribution of platinum on the substrate and has remarkable effect on the activity. The activity of the Pt/GC_OX electrode for methanol oxidation is larger than polycrystalline Pt and for more than one order of magnitude larger than Pt/GC electrode. This increase in activity indicates the pronounced role of organic residues of GC support on the properties of Pt particles deposited on glassy carbon.