电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定硼铁合金中的硼

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定硼铁合金中硼。样品经碳酸钠-过氧化钠碱熔后,用盐酸和硝酸溶解,选择硼208.959nm为分析谱线,通过添加铁消除基体效应的影响。方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.005mg·L-1。方法用于硼铁标准样品的分析,测定值与认定值一致,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于2%。     

极谱法快速测定化探试样中钼钨

硫酸-苯羟乙酸-氯化钾体系催化极谱测定钼、钨已有报导。本文在此底液中加入适量辛可宁,提高了钼钨的测定灵敏度;改用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸混合酸于聚四氟乙烯烧杯中分解试样,钼、钨可定量溶解,且降低了空白,与碱在刚玉坩埚中分解试样的分析结果对照颇为一致;共存干扰元素,可借硫酸冒烟或用氢氧化钠沉淀分离予以消除;底液混合后一次     

不同前处理制样方法对钢中氧、氮测定结果的影响

讨论了不同物理和化学制样方法对钢中氧、氮测定结果的影响。试验结果表明,物理制样采用锉刀打磨样品表面后剪切,再用乙醚清洗除去油污;化学制样先用20%盐酸溶液溶解样品表面氧化层,再用滴加了4滴30%过氧化氢的10%草酸溶液浸泡,取出后依次用水、无水乙醇浸洗,风干。用以上两种方法制样,钢标准样品中氧、氮含量测定值与标示值一致。在测定钢中氮含量时,可用乙醚清洗后直接测定,以缩短检测周期和减轻劳动强度。该研究结果可用于指导钢样品中氧、氮含量测定时样品的处理。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定矿石中的铼——三种前处理方法比较

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法是目前最常用测定分散元素铼的分析手段,其样品前处理方式有酸溶、半溶法。综合比较目前常用的三种溶样方法:氧化镁半溶法、密闭酸溶法、四酸(硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸、盐酸)敞开+强氧化剂法,从数据准确度、称样量、样品分解程度、引入杂质、溶解时间、操作过程等方面综合考察方法的适用性,并探讨了铼的不同三种伴生矿物对结果的影响。结果表明,氧化镁半溶法准确度高,适合低含量样品的测定,但过程复杂,不适合大批量的样品;密闭酸溶法适合高含量样品测定;四酸敞开+强氧化剂法操作简单,溶矿时间较短,但因采用了高沸点酸高氯酸,使结果偏低。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）法测定铁矿石中钒

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定铁矿石中钒含量的分析方法。采用盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解试样,不溶物残渣碱熔融回收,稀盐酸溶解盐类的方式对样品进行分解。对仪器的主要工作参数和分析谱线进行了选择,讨论了基体和共存元素的干扰,以及溶解酸和熔剂等条件实验,确立了最佳分析条件。按实验方法对铁矿石标准样品和试样中钒量进行测定,测定值与标准值或其它方法的认定值基本一致,相对标准偏差RSD<6.5%。     

高氯酸处理-亚铁滴定法快速测定钢铁中铬钒

提出了一种高氯酸处理、硫酸亚铁铵滴定法快速测定钢铁中铬钒的方法。高氯酸溶解样品,并冒高氯酸烟至锥形瓶瓶口5～10 s,在稀硫酸-磷酸混合酸中,以苯代邻氨基苯甲酸为指示剂,硫酸亚铁铵溶液滴定铬(Ⅵ)、钒(Ⅴ)合量。不分解指示剂,在亚砷酸钠存在下,直接用高锰酸钾选择性氧化钒(Ⅳ),尿素存在下,亚硝酸钠还原过量氧化剂,硫酸亚铁铵溶液滴定钒(Ⅴ)。测钒时,指示剂无校正值。并讨论样品处理方法、亚砷酸钠对高锰酸钾用量的缓冲作用以及对亚硝酸钠用量的拉平效应。方法快速、简便、准确、实用,选择性好。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）法测定铁矿石中钒

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定铁矿石中钒含量的分析方法。采用盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解试样,不溶物残渣碱熔融回收,稀盐酸溶解盐类的方式对样品进行分解。对仪器的主要工作参数和分析谱线进行了选择,讨论了基体和共存元素的干扰,以及溶解酸和熔剂等条件实验,确立了最佳分析条件。按实验方法对铁矿石标准样品和试样中钒量进行测定,测定值与标准值或其它方法的认定值基本一致,相对标准偏差RSD6.5%。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）法测定铁矿石中钒

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定铁矿石中钒含量的分析方法。采用盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解试样,不溶物残渣碱熔融回收,稀盐酸溶解盐类的方式对样品进行分解。对仪器的主要工作参数和分析谱线进行了选择,讨论了基体和共存元素的干扰,以及溶解酸和熔剂等条件实验,确立了最佳分析条件。按实验方法对铁矿石标准样品和试样中钒量进行测定,测定值与标准值或其它方法的认定值基本一致,相对标准偏差RSD<6.5%。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定硅质耐火原料中的硼

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定硅质耐火材料中的硼含量。试验了3种样品处理方法:HF+硝酸酸溶法、碳酸钠碱熔法及水+甘露醇溶解法对硅质耐火原料中硼的溶解率,确定水–甘露醇为处理硅质耐火原料的最佳方法。分析谱线选择249.677 nm和249.772 nm,以ICP–OES法测定,硼的回收率在94.0%~102.0%之间,6次测定结果的相对标准偏差小于3%,与滴定法测定结果相吻合。该法简便、可靠,可用于测定硅质耐火原料中的硼含量。     

预氧化熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定硼铁合金中硼、硅、铝和磷

硼铁合金样品经过预氧化熔融,制得样品的玻璃熔片,采用X射线荧光光谱法测定玻璃熔片中硼、硅、铝和磷等4种元素的含量。优化的试验条件如下:(1)熔剂为焦硫酸钾;(2)熔剂与样品的稀释比为40∶1;(3)氧化剂为碳酸锂和硝酸钠;(4)玻璃熔片的熔融时间为20min。4种元素的质量分数在一定范围内与其对应的荧光强度呈线性关系,测定下限为0.006 8%～0.017 9%。对硼铁标准样品平行测定10次,测定值的相对标准偏差为0.22%～3.9%。方法应用于硼铁合金样品的分析,测定结果与湿法分析的结果相符。     

Spectrophotometric determination of trace and ultratrace levels of boron in silicon and chlorosilane samples

Summary Spectrophotometric methods for the determination of boron in the low g/g and ng/g range in high-purity silicon and dichloro- and trichlorosilanes were investigated in detail. The procedures established involve dissolution of silicon samples and the hydrolyzed products of chlorosilane samples in hydrofluoric acid-containing reagents followed by evaporation of the silicon matrix as H₂SiF₆. The boron retained in the treated sample solution was then determined by a spectrophotometric method using carminic acid as a chromatic reagent. Special effort has been paid to the control of the analytical blank and reproducible determination of boron. The results indicate that addition of mannitol and proper control of the evaporation process are effective in preventing volatilization of boron during the evaporation of silicon matrix and can thus attain high recovery of boron and reproducible analysis. Through meticulous control of the analytical blank and experimental conditions, the limit of detection for boron determination with the established method can be as low as ng/g levels. Application of the methods to the determination of boron in various stages of purification of silicon and trichlorosilane as well as in borophosphosilicate film was conducted.     

Determination of trace amounts of boron in steel by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with azomethine-H as a precolumn derivatizaion agent.

The determination of trace amounts of boron in steel by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. As a derivatizing reagent for the HPLC determination of boron, 8-hydroxy-1-(salicylideneamino)-3,6-naphtalenedisulfonic acid (azomethine-H) was used with a spectrophotometric detection. A peak of boron-azomethine-H chelate was resolved from other peaks using an acetonitrile-water (29 + 71 m/m) eluent containing 8 x 10(-3) mol kg(-1) tetrabutylammonium bromide and 5 x 10(-3) mol kg(-1) acetate buffer (pH 5.0). The lower determination limit (10sigma) of boron was 3.3 x 10(-8) mol dm(-3) for a solution injected into HPLC, which is translated to 0.09 microgB/g when 0.1 g of a steel sample was subjected to the analysis. The analytical results of certified steel samples were in good agreement with the guaranteed values. The addition of ethylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate as a masking agent for the iron(III) matrix with the optimized eluent enables one to achieve the direct determination of trace amounts of boron in such steel sample solutions without any tedious matrix removal or preconcentration.     

ICP–AES法测定低合金钢中的微量硼

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP–AES)测定低合金钢中硼元素的含量。采用密闭微波消解法对样品进行溶解,考察了铁基体元素和共存元素对硼元素测定的影响,确定了硼元素的分析线为208.959 nm,通过基体匹配消除基体的影响。硼的质量浓度在0~5.00μg/m L范围内与谱线强度呈良好的线性,相关系数r2=0.999 9,方法检出限为0.004μg/m L,加标回收率为96%~103%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.5%~2.9%(n=8)。该方法具有较高的灵敏度和准确度,满足低合金钢中硼元素的分析要求。     

Slurry sample introduction with fluorinating electrothermal vaporization for the direct ICP-AES determination of boron in plant leaves

Summary The slurry sample introduction with fluorinating electrothermal vaporization has been applied to ICP-AES for the determination of boron in plant leaves. The main working parameters for ETV-ICP-AES, such as r.f. power, gas flow rate, drying temperature and atomization temperature have been studied. The concentration of the fluorinating agent polytetrafluoro-ethylene was examined for the boron determination. The matrix concentrations of Na, K, Ca and Mg up to 5 mg/ml do not interfere with the fluorinating vaporization of boron. Several plant samples were analysed with the standard addition method. A good agreement of analytical results between this method and a spectrophotometric method was obtained. The determined value of boron in NBS SRM 1573 tomato leaves coincides with literature values.     

Determination of Boron in Biological Samples

Two sample treatment methods are evaluated to provide accurate boron determination at low concentrations in biological and botanical samples. The first approach is a hot 1M nitric acid extraction of boron from the sample. The second technique uses wet digestion with concentrated sulfuric acid. The accuracy of the procedures was demonstrated with botanical and animal reference materials (Corn Bran RM 8433 and Whole Egg Powder RM 8415). At least three results are given for each reference material. Two are direct measurements of B using independent ¹⁰B and ¹¹B calibration curves with a Be internal reference, and the third is obtained by isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). The ¹⁰B and ¹¹B values are consistent for both acid treatment procedures. The IDMS results also are consistent. Overall results for Whole Egg Powder and Corn Bran RM's match the best-estimate values within their confidence intervals. These results demonstrate the ability to measure B accurately at the 0.3 µg/g concentration range. Thus, low-level B samples can be analyzed with accuracy and precision by the two approaches. These methods introduce very little dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the final solution and allow the use of large (2 g) sample aliquots. Direct introduction of biological fluids including whole blood serum also was evaluated critically for the determination of B.     

Evaluation of different sample introduction approaches for the determination of boron in unalloyed steels by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

An extended study of different sampling introduction approaches using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is presented for the determination of boron in steel samples. The following systems for sample introduction were applied: direct sample solution nebulization by continuous nebulization (CN) using a cross-flow nebulizer and with flow injection (FI), applied to 0.1% (m/v) and 0.5% (m/v) sample solutions, respectively; FI after iron matrix extraction, using acetylacetone–chloroform, and isotopic dilution (ID) analysis as the calibration method; FI with on-line electrolytic matrix separation; and spark ablation (SA) and laser ablation (LA) as solid sampling techniques. External calibration with matrix-matching samples was used with CN, SA, and LA, and only acid solutions (without matrix matching) with FI methods. When FI was directly applied to a sample solution, the detection limit was of 0.15 μg g⁻¹, improving by a factor of 4 that was obtained from the CN measurements. Isotopic dilution analysis, after matrix removal by solvent extraction, made it possible to analyse boron with a detection limit of 0.02 μg g⁻¹ and, with the on-line electrolytic process, the detection limit was of 0.05 μg g⁻¹. The precision for concentrations above 10 times the detection limit was better than 2% for CN, as well as for FI methods. Spark and laser ablation sampling systems, avoiding digestion and sample preparation procedures, provided detection limits at the μg g⁻¹ levels, with RSD values better than 6% in both cases. Certified Reference Materials with B contents in the range 0.5–118 μg g⁻¹ were used for validation, finding a good agreement between certified and calculated values.     

Continuous flow system for the determination of trace boron in iron and steel utilizing in-line preconcentration/separation by Sephadex column coupled with fluorimetric detection

A simple, rapid and sensitive system for the determination of trace boron in iron and steels is presented, in which in-line separation/preconcentration of boron from iron matrix is directly coupled with fluorimetric detection in a continuous flow system. Boron was adsorbed on a small column packed with Sephadex G-25 gel, followed by elution with a small volume of dilute hydrochloric acid. The formation of boron complex with 1,8-dihydroxy-3,6-naphthalenedisulphonic acid in a continuous flow system was used for the sensitive determination of boron by fluorescence detection(lambda(ex)=314 nm and lambda(em)=355 nm). The present FIA system offers many advantages over existing methods, especially with respect to simplicity and sensitivity, permitting semi-automated determination of boron with a short analysis time (about 10 min), low limit of determination (0.1 ppm in steels) and good reproducibility (rsd<3% for 1-18 mug g(-1) boron in steels).The present FIA system can be readily applied to the steel samples.     

Sample Preparation for Emission Spectrographic Determination of Impurities in Elemental Boron

Abstract

Accurate spectrographic determination of impurities in high-purity elemental boron requires that impurity elements be concentrated and collected in a suitable matrix while boron is separated from the sample. A method of acid dissolution followed by boron volatilization through an acetic anhydride and methanol treatment has been developed. This procedure is considerably faster and leaves lower residual boron concentrations than other methods. The mild conditions used to volatilize boron avoid the loss of any impurity elements from the sample.     

Measurement of radioactive samples in Marinelli beakers by gamma-ray spectrometry

Radioactivity measurement of environmental samples is frequently assayed by gamma-ray spectrometry using Marinelli beakers. In this work, self-absorption and coincidence summing effects arising in activity measurements for Marinelli beaker geometry have been studied with a Ge detector. Three types of Marinelli beakers which have capacities of 450 mL, 1 L, and 2 L were developed. Self-attenuation effects for density variation of radioactive samples in each type of the Marinelli beakers were measured as a function of gamma-ray energy, and also the results were compared with calculated values by mathematical model. Meanwhile, the coincidence summing effects of¹²⁵Sb and¹⁵⁴Eu nuclides were obtained from the determination of the full-energy peak and total efficiencies for a Ge detector.     

Study of the molecular absorption spectrometric determination of phosphorus in steel, nickel base alloys and zircaloy using the yellow phosphovanadomolybdate complex

Summary The molecular absorption spectrometric method using the yellow phosphovanadomolybdate complex,adopted as ISO-standard for determination of phosphorus in steel, has been optimized.High and varying blank values often reported in literature were found to be due to silicon interference. The silicon is released from the glass beaker during fuming with perchloric acid and the problem is avoided by either using teflon beakers or by adding hydrofluoric and boric acid after fuming.Interferences from elements present in the metal (arsenic, chromium, silicon and the refractory elements) were quantified and procedures are described for masking these interferences in order to make the method applicable to high-alloy steels, tool steels, nickel-base alloys and Zircaloys. Arsenic, hafnium, niobium, tantalum and tungsten cause the most severe interferences. Chromium, titanium and zirconium were found to have weak interferences whereas molybdenum and silicon did not interfere at all despite large amounts of precipitated oxides.Results reported by other authors that many old certified reference materials of low-and high-alloy steels have too high certified phosphorus values were confirmed with the described method as well as with the ICP-OES technique. However, the lower values were only found for alloys without Hf, Nb, Ta or W. Alloys containing these elements were often found to have higher phosphorus values, which reflects interferences not completely removed in the previous analyses of these alloys.

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Untersuchung der molekularabsorptions-spektrometrischen Phosphorbestimmung auf Grund des gelben Phosphovanadomolybdat-Komplex in Stahl, Nickellegierungen und ZircaloyPhosphorbestimmung in Referenzmaterialien