抗菌水凝胶敷料的制备及性能

以乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(GDE)为偶联剂,将胍盐低聚物(PHMG)接枝到淀粉上,形成淀粉接枝物(Starch-g-PHMG)。然后,将一定比例的Starch-g-PHMG与淀粉-丙烯酸接枝共聚物共混,制备了抗菌水凝胶敷料(AHD)。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、元素分析确定了Starch-g-PHMG的分子结构;通过吸液测试、抗菌测试表征了AHD的理化性能。结果表明:在反应温度为60°C,反应时间为3h,w(NaOH)=0.4%时,Starch-g-PHMG中PHMG的接枝效率最高,可达37.5%;AHD的吸液率随着Starch-g-PHMG含量的增加而减少;当w(PHMG)0.33%时,AHD对金黄色葡萄球菌与大肠杆菌的抑菌率可以达到100%。     

胍盐键合型聚氨酯涂料的制备及其抗菌防霉性能

采用化学键合的方式将聚六亚甲基盐酸胍(PHMG)键合到聚氨酯(PU)分子链上,制得抗菌PU涂料PU-PHMG。利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、阿贝折射仪、原子力显微镜(AFM)等对其结构与性能进行了表征,用振荡法、抑菌圈法等对其抗菌性能进行了测试,同时探究了PHMG的质量分数对PU涂料各项性能的影响。研究表明:当PHMG的质量分数为1.0%时,PHMG的键合效率达到93.59%,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率达到99.5%以上,证明PU-PHMG具有优异持久的抗菌性能。此外,该涂料还兼具优异的防霉性能和力学性能。     

PHMG化学键合改性抗菌聚氨酯软质泡沫的制备及性能

通过一步法模塑发泡工艺,将聚六亚甲基胍盐酸盐(PHMG)键合到聚氨酯(PU)分子链上,制备了抗菌聚氨酯软质泡沫。通过红外光谱表征抗菌聚氨酯的化学结构,并用紫外光谱测试聚氨酯中PHMG的键合率,同时测试了聚氨酯的泡孔结构、力学性能、抗菌性能和防霉性能。结果表明,当PHMG的质量分数为0.5%时,聚氨酯中PHMG的键合率达到76.0%,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率均超过99.5%,其防霉等级为0级。     

化学键合法制备长效抗菌聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯材料及其性能

通过化学反应将抗菌剂聚六亚甲基盐酸胍(PHMG)键合到聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)基体上,制得抗菌剂质量分数为15%的PET抗菌母料(PET-g-PHMG),PHMG与PET的键合效率达93.7%.透射电子显微镜(TEM)结果表明,化学键的键合作用提高了PHMG与PET的相容性,使得极性的PHMG以纳米尺寸均匀分布在PET-g-PHMG中.在PET基体中添加少量PET-g-PHMG,可制成不同抗菌剂含量的PET样品,抗菌母料PET-g-PHMG的添加可抑制PET基体的降解,提高抗菌PET样品的特性黏度.所得抗菌PET样品对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率均在99%以上,即使反复水洗,抗菌性能也无明显降低.该抗菌PET样品具有良好的可纺性,通过熔融纺丝可以制成抗菌PET纤维,其抗菌性能具有耐水洗性,抗菌动力学测试结果表明,该抗菌PET样品对革兰氏阴性和阳性细菌还具有较快速的杀灭作用.     

基于聚谷氨酸囊泡的抗菌水凝胶

通过开环聚合(ROP)合成了两亲嵌段共聚物聚己内酯-聚谷氨酸(PCL-b-PGA),并将其自组装成囊泡,然后利用聚谷氨酸的羧基原位沉积纳米银颗粒,得到了抗菌囊泡. 最后,将抗菌囊泡与普朗尼克F127基体混合,制备了抗菌水凝胶. 实验结果表明抗菌囊泡对典型革兰氏阴性菌如大肠杆菌和典型革兰氏阳性菌如金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC90(抑制90%菌株生长的最低浓度)分别为10和20 μg mL?1. 平板菌落计数法表明抗菌水凝胶对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC50(抑制50%菌株生长的最低浓度)为30 μg mL?1,MIC90为60 μg mL?1. 外敷法抗菌实验也证明了水凝胶具有优异的抗菌效果,其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC50为7.5 μg mL?1,MBC(最小杀菌浓度)为30 μg mL?1.     

“红七星”大蒜油的抑菌活性研究

采用K-B法考察温江"红七星"大蒜油的抑菌活性作用,对大蒜油抑制大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌的作用进行研究,通过观察抑菌环的形成、计算最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、半数有效浓度(IC_(50))判断抑制作用的强弱。实验表明,大蒜油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有抑菌环形成,且大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌率变化较大,但对绿脓杆菌形成抑菌环较小且抑菌率变化不大。     

抗菌棉织物的制备与性能研究

制备了表面含氨基甲酸酯基团的棉织物,经次氯酸钠溶液漂洗后,织物表面生成了抗菌性N-氯代胺基甲酸酯基团。考查了氨基甲酸酯化(酯化)反应的配方与工艺对酯化织物经氯化后的氯含量的影响,探讨了改性织物上氯胺的贮存稳定性、紫外光稳定性及可再生性。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、示差扫描量热等方法对改性织物进行了表征;分别采用琼脂平皿扩散法和振荡法,测试了织物对大肠杆菌(革兰氏阴性菌)和金黄色葡萄球菌(革兰氏阳性菌)的抗菌性。结果表明,棉织物在酯化时,若在酯化溶液中加入硅烷偶联剂KH550,可明显提高表面酯化织物经氯化后表面氯胺的贮存稳定性和紫外光稳定性。抗菌测试结果显示,当织物上氯含量为1.32mg/g及以上时,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭率均可达100%。     

抗菌淀粉-聚乙烯醇水凝胶的制备及性能

以环氧氯丙烷为键合剂将胍盐低聚物（PHMG）接枝到淀粉分子上,设计了正交试验优化接枝反应条件。将产物添加到淀粉和聚乙烯醇（PVA）水溶液中,采用化学交联法合成了具有抗菌性能的淀粉-聚乙烯醇（S-PVA）水凝胶,测试了水凝胶的溶胀率、脱水率以及抗菌性能。结果表明：当反应温度为40°C、时间为0.5 h、pH为9时,PHM...     

一种新型希夫碱及其3d,4f配合物的抗菌活性

用微量热法研究一种新型希夫碱及其3d,4f配合物(2L, 2LZnYb)对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性, 得到了在它们作用下大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌生长代谢的产热曲线, 并且基于分析生长代谢和非生长代谢的产热曲线建立的热动力学方程, 获得了它们的抗菌活性. 结果表明, 两种化合物(ZL, 2LZnYb)对大肠杆菌的生长代谢有强的活性(IC50分别为6.1 和5.1 mg·L-1), 但对金黄色葡萄球菌的生长代谢的活性弱得多(IC50分别为310.1 和595.5 mg·L-1). Zn 和Yb的导入使化合物对大肠杆菌生长代谢的抑制作用稍微增加, 但大大降低了对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用. 对于非生长代谢, 两种化合物的活性有很大的差别. 无论对大肠杆菌还是金黄色葡萄球菌, 由于配体2L的导入, 表现出显著的抑制作用, 2L的MSC50为6.4和209.7 mg·L-1. 配体2L可能成为新的抗菌先导化合物.     

键合聚六亚甲基胍盐酸盐的聚丙烯蜡的制备及其抗菌活性

在Hakke转矩流变仪中,将聚丙烯蜡（PPw）接枝马来酸酐（PPW—g—MAH）与聚六亚甲基胍盐酸盐（PHMG）熔融反应,得到具有抗茵性能的聚丙烯蜡（PPW—g—PHMG）。透射电镜显示PHMG在PPw一舻PHMG上呈纳米尺度均匀分布。将聚丙烯与PPW—g—PHMG混合,混和物（PP／PPw—g—PHMG）的抑茵圈法和贴膜法抗茵性能测试结果显示：样品对大肠杆菌具有优异的抗菌性能。经过提纯后,PP／PPw—g—PHMG没有出现PHMG的溶出,具有非溶出性的、持久的抗茵功能。     

用隐函数方法处理不断引发,链增长自由基聚合反应

利用图形分析方法给出了不断引发、链增长自由基聚合反应的分子量分布函数，结合反应转化率曲线，利用隐函数方法和数学随机模拟法，得到了分子量分布曲线，利用计算结果计算结果讨论了不同终止形式及反应速率对聚合物分子量分布的影响，考虑反应体的扩散控制。给出了苯乙烯本体聚合的分子量分布，得到与实验事实相一致的结论。     

Diffusion-controlled growth of lamellar crystals in an isotactic polystyrene–polyphenylene oxide blend

The growth rates of lamellar crystals grown onto preseeded fibrillar crystals (“shishes”) in isotactic polystyrene and blends of isotactic polystyrene (iPS) with polyphenylene oxide are followed by using transmission electron microscopy. The preseeded fibrillar crystals avoid the problem of timedependent primary nucleation. The time dependence of lamellar growth is investigated. At a concentration of 50% PPO in iPS, the lateral lamellar growth rate of the precipitating isotactic polystyrene crystals conforms to a time law characteristic of diffusion-controlled growth (R ∝ t^1/2). Diffusion coefficients are estimated from the growth kinetics. The method could prove a simple means of measuring diffusion coefficients in polymer blends in which one component is crystallizable.     

Diffusion energies of oxygen diffusing into polystyrene (PS)/poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) composites

Diffusion coefficient of oxygen penetrating into polystyrene (PS) latex/poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel composite films were measured using Fluorescence technique. Three different (5, 15, and 40 wt%) PS content films were prepared from PS/PNIPAM mixtures. Diffusivity of PS/PNIPAM composite films were studied by diffusion measurements which were performed over the temperature range of 24–70°C. Pyrene was used as the fluorescent probe. The diffusion coefficients (D) of oxygen were determined using the Stern–Volmer fluorescence quenching method combined with Fickian transport and were computed as a function of temperature for each PS content film. The results showed that D values were strongly dependent on both temperature and PS content in the film. Diffusion energies were measured and found to be dependent on the composition of the composite films. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Binary gaseous diffusion coefficients,III: Sulfur hexafluoride with cyclohexane,methylcyclohexane and toluene at 1 atm pressure and 10–70°C

The binary gaseous diffusion coefficients at 1 atm pressure of sulfur hexafluoride with cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, and toluene were measured at 10, 25, 40, 55 and 70°C by the capillary tube method ofStefan ¹. Diffusion coefficients were calculated (a) by usingLennard-Jones (6, 12) pair potential parameters in conjunction with theHudson-McCoubrey combining rule², and (b) with a semiempirical method somewhat similar to that suggested bychen andOthmer ³. Diffusion coefficients calculated via method (b) were in much better agreement with experiment than those obtained via method (a).     

真空填充胶晶模板法快速制备三维有序大孔二氧化钛

以丙烯酸修饰的聚苯乙烯（PS）胶体晶体为模板,采用“三明治-真空”填充法将钛酸四丁酯的乙醇溶液填充到模板间隙中,煅烧除去模板快速高效制备了表面无覆盖层的三维有序大孔二氧化钛（3DOM TiO2）材料。 制备的3DOM TiO2具有典型的反蛋白石结构,孔壁完整且孔径大小均匀,呈六方密堆积的FCC结构。 其孔径为230 nm左右,收缩率仅为14%,孔与孔之间由小窗口相连。 XRD分析表明,500 ℃下煅烧制备的3DOM TiO2为锐钛矿晶型。     

高容量亚胺基二乙酸型螯合树脂的制备及吸附性能

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为单体, 氯甲基化的交联聚苯乙烯树脂(CMCPS)为大分子引发剂, CuBr/2,2'-联吡啶(Bpy)为催化剂, 采用表面引发原子转移自由基聚合(SI-ATRP)技术, 使甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯聚合在CMCPS树脂表面, 制得了环氧化聚合物. 将该聚合物与亚胺基二乙酸(IDA)反应, 制备了高容量亚胺基二乙酸型螯合树脂(IDA-PGMA-CMCPS), 用元素分析对其进行了表征. 考察了螯合树脂对Cu²⁺的吸附性能及动力学和热力学参数. 该螯合树脂表面IDA接枝密度达8.15 mg/m². 研究结果表明, 树脂对Cu²⁺的吸附量随离子浓度和温度的升高而增加, 当pH值为2.2时, 对Cu²⁺离子的吸附效果最佳. 树脂的静态饱和吸附容量为1339.66 mg/g, Langmuir和Freundlich方程均呈现良好的拟合度. 通过热力学平衡方程计算ΔG<0, ΔH=270.60 kJ/mol, ΔS>0, 表明该吸附过程是自发、 吸热、 熵增加的过程. 动力学研究结果表明, 准二级动力学方程能较好拟合动力学实验结果, 该过程符合准二级动力学模型.     

Selection and optimization of monoclonal antibody immobilization procedure for its use in IRMA

Immobilization of monoclonal antibody (McAb) on polystyrene support is an integral part of any immunoassay (IA) procedure. Two different immobilization approaches (direct and indirect) were evaluated for their effectiveness. In case of direct immobilization, mouse monoclonal antibody was adsorbed ‘passively’ on polystyrene tubes. The same antibody was immobilized as ‘pre-formed complex’ in case of indirect approach via mouse IgG as linker. Both the approaches displayed comparable Bmax using different buffer systems. However, NSB observed via mouse IgG linker was always on the higher side (0.8–4.0 %). This could be significantly reduced (up to <0.4 %) by controlling the concentration of mouse IgG.Theoretical advantages envisaged via indirect approach viz. economy and stability of immobilized antibody were similar to that of simple passive adsorption. Hence, we have selected simple passive adsorption method using bicarbonate buffer (pH 8.4). Our study also confirmed the need for ‘tube maturation’ in order to retain the immunological integrity of the immobilized antibody. The performance of the tubes prepared by direct immobilization method was evaluated in an immunoradiometric assay for human Luteinizing hormone (LH).The developed method is simple, convenient and amenable for large scale production of antibody immobilized polystyrene tubes.     

Formylated polystyrene for the fabrication of pore selective aldehyde group functionalized honeycomb patterned porous polystyrene films

Formylated polystyrene (PS‐CHO) was synthesized by chemical modification of polystyrene (PS) for the fabrication of honeycomb patterned (HCP) porous PS films with aldehyde group functionalized pores via breath figure method under humid conditions. The incorporation of hydrophilic aldehyde group affected the hydrophobicity of PS solution and assisted the self‐assembly of PS‐CHO toward pore. The presence of aldehyde groups in the films were proved by the post treatment with Tollens's reagent, which results in silver decoration at pores. The morphology of the films before and after silver decoration was studied by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The pore selectively self‐assembled aldehyde groups in the patterned porous films can have many applications as a reactive substrate in biomaterials and chemical moieties adhesion. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018 , 56, 1181–1192     

组合化学法筛选聚苯乙烯固载季铵盐相转移催化剂研究(I)

利用组合化学方法合成了一个含有60种不同结构的聚苯乙烯固载季铵盐相转移催化剂的催化剂库,以有外加碱条件下亲核取代反应为探针反应,利用迭代法从中筛选出了活性最高的催化剂,建立了一种快速合成和筛选聚苯乙烯固载季铵盐相转移催化剂的方法。     

One-step pyrolysis process to synthesize dispersed Pt/carbon hollow nanospheres catalysts for electrocatalysis

An effective method for loading Pt nanoparticles on monodispersed hollow carbon nanospheres by one-step pyrolysis of polystyrene spheres (PS) adsorbed with platinum (IV) ions was developed. The polystyrene spheres were firstly enwrapped with a layer of sucrose and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) micelles. Adsorption of platinum (IV) ions onto the polystyrene spheres was carried out via electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged platinum salt and the positively charged amino group in the CTAB. Pyrolysis of the PS-Pt (IV) precursors at 600 °C under nitrogen atmosphere resulted in the simultaneous decomposition of the sucrose to carbon and the adsorbed platinum complex to metallic Pt. During this process the polystyrene spheres was removed and hollow sphere of PtC formed. Nanocomposites of hollow carbon nanospheres with different platinum loading were synthesized and their electrocatalytic activity was evaluated using methanol as a model molecule. Results showed that the as-prepared hollow carbon nanospheres supported platinum catalysts have high electrocatalytic activity and long-term stability towards the oxidation of methanol. The present method is promising for the fabrication of carbon supported platinum catalysts for the direct methanol fuel cell.