多核苷酸的合成

核糖核酸的合成是一个难度较大的课题。最近上海生化所二室连续发表了六篇文章,报导了核酸的片段——多核苷酸的合成结果。他们利用有机化学的方法,按酵母丙氨酸转移核糖核酸3’端的排列顺序,合成了两个四核苷酸CpUpCpG>p及UpCpCpA。然后利用酶促合成的方法,用核糖核酸酶N_1将上述两个四核苷酸连接成八核苷酸CpUpCpGpUpCpCpA。合成的产率按 CpUpCpG>p计,最高可达30％以上。产物纯化后用几种方法证明,其结构与预期结构相同。每次反应可得到数毫克八核苷酸。     

“核酸化学合成国际讨论会”(西德)简讯

核酸化学合成国际讨论会于五月四日至九日在西德汉堡附近的Egestorf召开。应会议东道主西德马克斯-普朗克学会和Cramer,K(o|¨)ster两位教授的邀请,中国科学院从事多年核酸合成研究的有关研究所及北京大学生物系共五人组成代表团参加。会议共有十四个国家近八十多位学者参加,较著名的科学家有三、四十位,提出科学报告32篇,其内容主要涉及有机化学二酯法和三酯法的研究;核酸化学合成的均相法与固相载体法的研究;酶促合成和化学合成方法的研究,以及核酸化学合成在核酸研究领域中的应用。     

《高分子化学》聚合机理教学中有机化学知识的衔接利用

高分子化学是在有机化学基础上发展而成一门学科,高分子的合成反应与有机小分子的合成反应密切相关,特别是高分子合成反应机理的学习中大量应用到有机化学的基础知识.因此,在高分子化学教学中有效利用有机化学知识是帮助学生更好理解和掌握高分子化学反应机理相关知识的关键.本文根据笔者教学实践,从烯类单体聚合活性及机理、自由基聚合阻聚机理、配位聚合机理等方面以实例形式探讨了如何利用有机化学知识帮助解释高分子化学中反应活性及反应机理.     

对催化不对称合成的重大贡献——2001年诺贝尔化学奖

本年度诺贝尔化学奖授予了美国化学家诺尔斯博士与日本化学家野依良治教授（合占1/2）和美国化学家沙普利斯教授（占1/2）,以表彰他们在发展催化手性/不对称合成的新方法技术及其应用于工业生产研究领域中的开创性贡献。在20世纪有机化学的发展中,最重要的突破之一是催化手性/不对称合成的研究成功。本文对催化手性/不对称合成的基本原理、应用与进展及3位杰出科学家的贡献做了简明扼要介绍。     

基于金属有机骨架材料和酶切放大的适配体荧光法检测副溶血性弧菌

基于铜基金属有机骨架(Cu-MOF)的荧光猝灭性质、核酸适配体的选择识别能力及核酸外切酶的水解放大信号作用,建立了一种快速检测副溶血性弧菌(V.P)的适配体荧光法.该文在室温下合成Cu-MOF,对其形貌、结构、荧光猝灭机理进行了系统研究,考察了Cu-MOF的体积、猝灭时间、核酸外切酶用量、恢复时间及试剂加入顺序等分析条...     

前言

天然有机化学主要由天然产物化学和天然产物的合成研究两部分构成,是有机化学的重要组成部分.近些年来,随着我国经济的发展,国家在科学研究方面投入的不断增加,研究条件和平台建设的大为改善,使我国在天然有机化学方面得到了快速的发展,取得了许多令人瞩目的成就.我国是生物资源极为丰富的国家,仅药用植物就有万余种,且有数千年民间用药经验,为其发现具生物活性的、结构新颖的先导化合物、为创新药物等方面开拓了广阔的研发前景.部分研究领域已处于国际先进水平,得到国际学术界高度评价.天然产物的合成研究一直是有机化学学科中最令人关注的领域.     

物理有机化学家Breslow谈他的工作艺术

Breslow(Columbia大学)在Houston举行的美国化学会上接受物理有机化学的James Flack Norris奖金时提出了他在物理有机化学上的哲学观点,以下是谈话的摘录。物理有机化学的领域已广为开拓,在许多方面已吸引了很多青年学生投身于中,尽管他们对经典的合成方向兴趣依然不衰——经典的合成方向对许多有机化学的学生确实有着很大的吸引力。虽然道理并不完全清楚,但值得注意的是,物理有机化学家已承担了合成非天然产物的任务。换句话说,就是合成一些新的分子,通过     

一九七九年诺贝尔化学奖获得者之一——赫伯特·布朗教授在科学上的主要贡献

一九七九年诺贝尔化学奖授予赫伯特·布朗和奥格尔·维蒂希。布朗所研究的有机硼烷已成为有机化学中用途最广的试剂之一,为有机合成打开了新前景。本文将布朗教授在科学上的主要贡献按年代的顺序作一简略介绍。     

基础有机化学中几类经典有机反应的改进创新

介绍了几类经典有机反应的改进创新,包括Br?nsted酸催化的炔烃水合反应、无氨Birch还原反应、碘仿反应合成酰胺、基于自活化循环的Beckmann重排反应、芳基重氮盐的双分子脱氮偶联反应等。这些反应与基础有机化学密切相关,并且主要是国内科研团队取得的创新成果,体现了我国学者在学科发展中所做出的重要贡献。希望对这些反应的总结能够对丰富和拓展基础有机化学的教学内容有所帮助,同时也为有机化学课程思政教育尤其是爱国主义教育提供新的素材。     

十年来我国有机化学的进展

有机化学象其他科学一样在解放后的十年中由于党的正确领导,获得了空前的发展。在解放前我国的有机化学及其工业非常薄弱,过去的有机化学研究工作主要是同卫生事业(如中药,生物硷及激素等方面的研究)及轻工业(如染料化学,纤维素化学等方面的研究)的需要相结合的。最主要的方向是复杂的天然化合物及其类似物的合成。因而在有机理论方面以立体化学最有成就。在解放后的十年中,由于党的重视与支持,我国有机化学的研究及其工业不仅飞跃前进,并     

基于核酸分子识别的电化学分析方法与应用

核酸作为生物体遗传信息的载体以及分子生物学和生物分析化学中重要的功能分子,近年来在电化学分析中受到了越来越多的重视。本文以作者所在研究组的工作为实例,对核酸分子识别的电化学分析方法作出简要的评述,内容涉及核酸序列和基因变异的电化学分析以及核酸作为功能分子进行识别检测的电化学分析等等。     

环糊精超分子组装体与核酸的相互作用

环糊精是一类由6～8个D-型葡萄糖连接而成的环聚多糖分子,目前已广泛应用于化学和生物学的许多领域.综述了一些生物活性的环糊精超分子组装体,如环糊精假聚轮烷、环糊精/金纳米粒子组装体、环糊精/富勒烯组装体、环糊精/碳纳米管组装体等的构筑及其与核酸的相互作用,如对核酸的切割、凝聚、传递作用和对核酸酶的抑制作用等方面的研究进展.     

Progress on Detection of Metals Ions by Functional Nucleic Acids Biosensor

Functional nucleic acids are natural or artificial nucleic acid sequences with specific functions and special structures. A part of metal ions are essential trace elements of human health, but excessive metal ions will be harmful to human health. The functional nucleic acids are widely used for detection of metal ions because of its advantages such as easy modification, low price, high stability and strong specificity. This paper detailed the interaction between functional nucleic acids and metal ions, mainly including cutting type, link type, metal ion-mediated base pairing, click chemistry type, conformational change type, and other types. The biosensors based on the combination of functional nucleic acid with different signal output were then introduced. Finally, the research significance and existing problems of functional nucleic acid for metal ion detection were discussed. The future development trends and applications of functional nucleic acid biosensor were prospected.     

Functional Xeno Nucleic Acids for Biomedical Application

Functional nucleic acids(FNAs) refer to a type of oligonucleotides with functions over the traditional genetic roles of nucleic acids, which have been widely applied in screening, sensing and imaging fields. However, the potential application of FNAs in biomedical field is still restricted by the unsatisfactory stability, biocompatibility, biodistribution and immunity of natural nucleic acids(DNA/RNA). Xeno nucleic acids(XNAs) are a kind of nucleic acid analogues with chemically modified sugar groups that possess improved biological properties, including improved biological stability, increased binding affinity, reduced immune responses, and enhanced cell penetration or tissue specificity. In the last two decades, scientists have made great progress in the research of functional xeno nucleic acids, which makes it an emerging attractive biomedical application material. In this review, we summarized the design of functional xeno nucleic acids and their applications in the biomedical field.     

Modified Nucleosides,Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids via Click Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition for Pharmacological Applications

The click azide = alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (click chemistry) has become the approach of choice for bioconjugations in medicinal chemistry, providing facile reaction conditions amenable to both small and biological molecules. Many nucleoside analogs are known for their marked impact in cancer therapy and for the treatment of virus diseases and new targeted oligonucleotides have been developed for different purposes. The click chemistry allowing the tolerated union between units with a wide diversity of functional groups represents a robust means of designing new hybrid compounds with an extraordinary diversity of applications. This review provides an overview of the most recent works related to the use of click chemistry methodology in the field of nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids for pharmacological applications.     

Peptide nucleic acid stabilized perovskite nanoparticles for nucleic acid sensing

Nanostructural hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites offer a wide range of potential applications including photovoltaics, solar cells, and light emitting diodes. Up to now the surface stabilizing ligands were used solely to obtain the optimal properties of nanoparticles in terms of dimensionality and stability, however their possible additional functionality was rarely considered. In the present work, hybrid lead bromide perovskite nanoparticles (PNP) were prepared using a unique approach where a peptide nucleic acid is used as a surface ligand. Methylammonium lead bromide perovskite colloidal nanoparticles stabilized by thymine-based peptide nucleic acid monomer (PNA-M) and relevant trimer (PNA-T) were prepared exhibiting the size below 10 nm. Perovskite structure and crystallinity were verified by X-ray powder diffraction spectroscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. PNP-PNA-M and PNP-PNA-T colloidal dispersions in chloroform and toluene possessed green-blue fluorescence, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and quantum chemical calculations showed that the PNA coordinates to the PNP surface through the primary amine group. Additionally, the sensing ability of the PNA ligand for adenine nucleic acid was demonstrated by photoluminescence quenching via charge transfer. Furthermore, PNP thin films were effectively produced by the centrifugal casting. We envision that combining the unique, tailored structure of peptide nucleic acids and the prospective optical features of lead halide perovskite nanoparticles could expand the field of applications of such hybrids exploiting analogous ligand chemistry.     

Study on the interactions of chlorpromazine hydrochloride and promethazine hydrochloride with nucleic acids by resonance Rayleigh scattering spectrum

The interaction between nucleic acids and medicine molecule is one of the important research fields of nucleic acids, which is very valuable for investigating the interactive mechanisms of anti-cancer and anti-virus medicine, screening medicine in vitro, …     

Arylation Chemistry for Bioconjugation

Bioconjugation chemistry has been used to prepare modified biomolecules with functions beyond what nature intended. Central to these techniques is the development of highly efficient and selective bioconjugation reactions that operate under mild, biomolecule compatible conditions. Methods that form a nucleophile–sp² carbon bond show promise for creating bioconjugates with new modifications, sometimes resulting in molecules with unparalleled functions. Here we outline and review sulfur, nitrogen, selenium, oxygen, and carbon arylative bioconjugation strategies and their applications to modify peptides, proteins, sugars, and nucleic acids     

Synthesis of a PNA-encoded cysteine protease inhibitor library

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have been used to encode a combinatorial library whereby each compound is labeled with a PNA tag which reflects its synthetic history and localizes the compound upon hybridization to an oligonucleotide array. We report herein the full synthetic details for a 4000 member PNA-encoded library targeted towards cysteine protease.     

On the relative acidity and basicity of the amino groups of the nucleic acid bases

Quantum chemical calculations are reported on the deprotonation and protonation of the amino groups of the nucleic acid bases adenine, guanine and cytosine, in an attempt to compare the relative reactivities of these groups. In the light of renewed interest in the amino groups as reactive sites for certain carcinogenic and carcinostatic agents, we discuss the possible significance of our results for the interpretation of these molecular interactions.