2 cm电子回旋共振离子源猝灭现象模拟

2 cm电子回旋共振离子推力器具有高比冲、长寿命的特点,其应用于引力波探测的可行性已经过初步探索.然而,在探究离子源推力下限的过程中发现,在极低功率(0.5 W)和极低流量(0.1 sccm, 1 sccm=1 L/min)的极限工作状态下,过度施加栅极电压可能引发离子源猝灭.采用实验手段对猝灭现象进行观测的难度很大,一方面因为猝灭现象具有随机性和瞬时性;另一方面,介入式诊断对弱放电水平的等离子体干扰很大,而光学诊断又有栅极系统阻挡.为此本文采用全粒子数值模型对离子源进行了一体化模拟,复现了猝灭现象.模拟结果表明,天线和放电室之间的双极扩散是导致离子源猝灭的最根本原因.明晰了猝灭机理后,本文提出了相应的改进措施,并用一体化模拟进行了理论验证.对猝灭机理的研究将为离子源的设计和应用提供理论依据,保障离子源安全稳定工作,满足引力波探测任务的推力需求.     

柠檬酸钠与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

用荧光光谱法研究了柠檬酸钠与牛血清白蛋白( BSA)的作用机制.实验表明,柠檬酸钠对BSA具有荧光猝灭作用,其猝灭方式为静态猝灭,并求出了猝灭常数、结合常数及结合位点数.     

发射光谱研究氩气/空气混合气体介质阻挡放电能量传递过程

使用水电极介质阻挡放电装置,对比氩气与氩气/少量空气的混合气体以及空气与空气/少量氩气的混合气体放电的发射光谱,研究了氩气与空气相混合时气体放电中的能量传递过程。实验发现, 当氩气中加入少量的空气时,氩原子谱线均变弱,说明空气中的氮分子对氩原子的各激发态具有猝灭作用。并且随着空气含量的增加,各谱线变弱的速率不同。越是与氮分子的激发电位接近的氩原子的激发态被猝灭的作用越明显。另一方面,当空气中加入少量氩气时,发现氮分子第二正带系和氮分子离子第一负带系的谱线均被增强。说明在空气/少量氩气放电中,氮分子的激发由于亚稳态氩原子的潘宁激发传能而增强。因此在氩气/空气混合气体放电中,气体成分及比例影响放电的发光特性和能量传输特性。     

猝灭式染料激光器理论研究

理论上研究了由准分子激光泵浦的猝灭式染料激光器的猝灭机理，对于一些具体的泵浦情况，通过激光速率方程理论上探讨了激光器的猝灭效果，并且对激光器的一些重要参数进行了一些研究。     

等离子体破裂期间电流猝灭特征研究

等离子体破裂会对托卡马克装置的安全运行造成严重威胁.等离子体破裂期间电流猝灭速率与电磁负载的大小及逃逸电流平台的形成都密切相关.本文对HL-2A装置等离子体破裂进行了统计分析,统计选用等离子电流的两个衰减区间90%-10%和80%-20%.分析结果表明:HL-2A装置等离子体破裂有四种不同的电流猝灭波形,两个衰减区间最小电流猝灭时间的参数区分别为2.6 ms和2.2 ms,并且不同衰减区间下平均电流猝灭时间统计分布明显不同.     

锌离子与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的研究

用荧光光谱法研究了锌离子(Zn2+)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的作用机制.实验表明,Zn2+对BSA具有荧光猝灭作用,其猝灭方式为静态猝灭.求出了猝灭常数、结合常数及结合位点数.利用同步荧光光谱研究了Zn2+对BSA分子荧光光谱的影响.     

不同粒径金纳米微粒对荧光素钠的猝灭效应研究

采用柠檬酸盐合成法制备了不同粒径的金纳米微粒,用吸收光谱和透射电镜对金纳米微粒进行了表征。研究了不同粒径金纳米微粒与荧光素钠分子的相互作用。发现金纳米微粒对荧光素钠具有荧光猝灭效应, 并且其荧光猝灭程度与金纳米微粒的粒径大小有关。随着金纳米微粒粒径的减小,荧光猝灭程度增大。探讨了金纳米微粒对荧光素钠荧光猝灭的机理,表明该荧光猝灭为动态猝灭。     

牛血清白蛋白与荧光增白剂相互作用的荧光光谱法研究

应用荧光光谱法研究了牛血清蛋白与荧光增白剂CBS-X、BBU、VBL的相互作用.通过Stern-Volmer方程、Lineweaver-BurK方程和双对数曲线进行计算,研究了FWA对BSA内源荧光的猝灭机制.FWA对BSA内源荧光的猝灭主要为静态猝灭和荧光共振能量转移猝灭.测定了荧光增白剂CBS-X、BBU、VBL对...     

核黄素与碘离子相互作用的光谱分析

研究了核黄素与I-相互作用的荧光光谱和吸收光谱变化,得出I-可以使核黄素的荧光发生有规律的猝灭,它们之间的相互作用属于动态猝灭机制。根据Stern-Volmer方程,求出了动态猝灭常数Ksv=44.72L.mol-1,荧光猝灭速率常数Kq=6.4×1010L.mol-1.s-1。I-对核黄素荧光的这种动态猝灭引起了吸收光谱的变化,吸收峰从373nm蓝移到了369nm,而443nm处吸收峰却红移到了447nm;并且核黄素的吸收强度随I-浓度的增大不断增强,是由于I-重原子效应的影响,使核黄素分子的自旋角动量与轨函角动量强烈的相互作用,S0→S1的吸收跃迁概率增大而造成的。     

氧化石墨烯如何猝灭罗丹明6G的荧光

考察了水相溶液中氧化石墨烯对罗丹明6G的高效荧光猝灭．借助稳态及时间分辨荧光光谱测量,结合对该二元体系线性吸收谱变化的细致分析,澄清了相关荧光猝灭机理,即动态猝灭与静态猝灭的联合猝灭机制．提出在静态猝灭过程中罗丹明6G与氧化石墨烯所形成的可能的基态复合物,并进一步讨论了二者之间的光致电子转移过程．     

一种同轴低电感低抖动多级多通道气体开关

 研制了一种触发电极位于放电通道之外、间隙电极为环状不锈钢弹簧的同轴多级多通道气体开关。该开关通过分布电容耦合实现触发，利用多间隙串联减小抖动，利用弹簧不同匝之间电感隔离形成多通道放电。实验表明：该开关触发可靠、电感低（～20nH）、抖动小（～3ns）、触发特性稳定。     

气体火花开关初始放电等离子体演化过程北大核心CSCD

气体火花开关的初始放电过程对研究其工作状态有着非常重要的影响,通过基于网格粒子法-直接蒙特卡罗法(PIC-DSMC)耦合算法模拟了气体火花开关从放电开始到等离子体通道初步形成的完整过程,得到了电子和离子的数密度时空分布变化,分析了间隙中电场分布随时间变化规律,完整清晰地揭示了气体火花开关从放电初始到等离子体通道初步形成的物理过程,并初步开展了气体火花开关击穿过程的光学诊断实验,为进一步深入研究气体火花开关的物理机理打下了基础。     

Correlation of current quenching and occurrence of metal vapor in apseudospark discharge

The quenching phenomenon, i.e., a sudden interrupt of the discharge current, was investigated in a pseudospark discharge with charging voltage of 2.5 kV, maximum current of 2 kA and discharge duration of 3 μs. The working gas was hydrogen at a pressure of 40 Pa. Concerning electrode material and geometric parameters, molybdenun electrodes were chosen with hole diameters of 5 mm; the electrode distance was 3 mm. In this parameter range, a temporal correlation of current quenching and the occurrence of metal vapor could be detected by means of time-resolved optical spectroscopy. With each current interruption a sudden increase of emission from neutral molybdenum atoms as well as an increase of cathode spot emission, which is spatially localized on the cathode, occurs. Also oxygen ions were observed which show a similar time-dependence, however with a significant delay of the order of 200 ns. The results are discussed in the scope of the mechanism proposed for quenching, i.e., ion depletion in the plasma boundary layer, and the mechanisms occurring in the high current phase of a pseudospark discharge     

Influence of Gap Spacing between Dielectric Barriers in Atmospheric Pressure Discharges

The breakdown activity in helium atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is strongly modified by introducing small impurities (nitrogen (N₂) and air in ppm), although its precise implications for the behavior of discharge plasma is not evident under several constraints. In this simulation study, we investigate the influence of gap spacing between the dielectric barriers to explore the dynamic modification in the structure of discharge plasma in distinct phases of the discharge current pulse using a two‐dimensional fluid model in He‐air gas mixture. Specifically, the impact of nitrogen and air impurities is contrasted by exploring the spatial distributions of electrons in the breakdown phase under similar operating conditions. The filamentary mode of DBD plasma in He‐N₂ is transformed into uniform glow discharge in He‐air gas mixture by the dominant effect of Penning ionization. Finally, the outcomes of two‐dimensional fluid model are validated by comparing with three‐dimensional fluid model to provide the reliability of numerical simulations. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS OF THE SELF-QUENCHING STREAMER PHENOMENA

The self-quenching streamer gas discharge mode is discussed. In this article we report the results for self-quenching streamer mode in electronic and optical observations, its operating efficiency, transfer to limited Geiger discharge mode, the correlation with primary ionization and the pulse amplitude spectrum etc. are mentioned. The optical photographic observation gives us better understanding for this new gas discharge mode.     

充氦气对多波切伦柯夫振荡器工作特性的影响

采用PIC模拟方法,研究了具有谐振腔的多波切伦柯夫振荡器在充入不同密度的氦气下工作的物理过程,分析了等离子体产生物理机制及其对微波输出影响。结果表明,等离子体的产生是由于电子束对氦原子的碰撞电离及其雪崩效应引起的。由于电离产生的正离子有利于束的传输和群聚,当在一定范围内增加氦气密度时,可减小微波起振时间,提高束波能量转换效率,但并不改变微波频率;进一步增大气体密度,微波起振时间增大、效率下降,甚至出现脉冲缩短现象。     

Recent Progress in Chemiluminescence for Gas Analysis

Abstract

Chemiluminescence is frequently used as a powerful analytical tool for gas analysis. In this mini-review with 102 references, we summarize the recent advances in chemiluminescence-based analytical methodologies and their application in gas/volatile species analysis, mainly including applications of ozone-induced chemiluminescence, cataluminescence-based gas sensors and arrays, and dielectric barrier discharge–induced chemiluminescence for gas analysis. Efforts in the innovation of the methodologies, the exploration of new sensing materials, and the mechanism studies are discussed in detail.     

On the mechanism of the runaway of electrons in a gas: The upper branch of the paschen curve

Basing on the simulation results, it is shown that the Townsend mechanism of electron multiplication in a gas at sufficiently large interelectrode distances is valid at least up to such large values of E/p at which relativistic electrons are generated. Correspondingly, the runaway electron producing in a gas is determined not by the local criteria accepted presently, but by the ratio of interelectrode distance and the characteristic electron multiplication length. It is shown that the critical discharge voltage U, at which the runaway electrons appear in a given gas, is a function of the product of the interelectrode distance by the gas pressure. This function (U-pd dependence) defines not only well-known Paschen curve but also an additional branch, which describes the absence of a self-sustained discharge at a high voltages sufficiently rapidly supplied across the electrodes. Critical discharge voltage dependence for helium and xenon are presented.     

Spatio-temporal dynamics of plasma spots in helium surface barrier discharge

The experimental study of plasma spots formation in planar surface barrier discharge system at atmospheric pressure in helium gas is presented. Spatio-temporal patterns of plasma spots are followed by varying the applied voltage and operating gas pressure. These spots melt together at high applied voltage and results in uniform glow discharge. Reduction in operating pressure also results in similar effect. Dynamics of these patterns are discussed in detail.     

一种多阳极横向场电离室

描述了一种将用于兰州放射性束流线较重离子鉴别的多阳极横向场电离室.对其性能进行了初步测试,得到该电离室有较长的坪区和较好的能量分辨.在10⁴Pa的P10工作气体(10%CH₄+90%Ar)下,坪区长度为700V.对²⁴⁴Cm α放射源,在第4片阳极对应的灵敏区域能量损失为1.30MeV,能量分辨41.1keV,相对能量分辨约3.16%。