基于Zernike多项式进行波面拟合研究

基于Zernike多项式利用Householder变换法对不同空间频率径向误差和不同口径局部误差进行了拟合,得到了拟合误差的均方根(RMS)值,分析了Zernike多项式的局限性。结果表明,Zernike在拟合径向误差时,受到最大空间频率的限制;在拟合局部误差时要受到局部误差口径大小的限制,并且会引起额外的波动。     

不同Zernike多项式求取环孔径波面像差的研究

由于Zernike环多项式各项在环域上正交,以此为基准可以得到Zernike圆多项式拟合环孔径波面求解Seidel像差系数的误差。为了对Zernike圆多项式与环多项式求解的Seidel系数进行准确的比较,根据波像差理论推导并建立对比实验模型,进行量化比较。比较对于具有较大遮拦比的环孔径波面采用Zernike环多项式拟合与采用Zernike圆多项式拟合求取Seidel系数的差别。实验结果表明,采用Zernike圆多项式进行拟合求取Seidel系数时,主要的相对误差存在于离焦、球差和慧差。9项Zernike圆多项式拟合求取的Seidel系数比36项Zernike圆多项式更接近Zernike环多项式求取的系数。同时,如果参与拟合的项数继续减少,求取的Seidel误差反而增大。     

波面重构中非圆域Zernike正交基底构造方法

针对非圆域波面拟合中Zernike多项式失去正交特性、拟合系数交叉耦合的问题,提出非圆域Zernike正交基底函数构造方法。以圆Zernike为基底,采用Gram-Schimdt正交组构造方法,线性表出单位正交基底。通过构造不同遮光比环形光阑下的正交基底与环Zernike多项式进行比较,验证了此方法的正确性。然后采用圆Zernike多项式和构造的新基底对矩形光阑下的波面进行了拟合,从拟合残余误差、各项基底系数的稳定性、传递矩阵的条件数等分析,结果表明针对特定的非圆域构造的新基底可靠性和抗扰动能力优于圆Zernike多项式。此方法不需要具体求出基底的解析表达式,不同非圆域仅是正交化系数矩阵发生改变,为非圆域正交基底构造提供了一种新途径。     

光学测试 光学测试理论

TB922006010672基于Zernike多项式进行波面拟合研究=Study on wave-front fitting using Zernike polynomials[刊,中]/张伟(哈尔滨工业大学空间光学工程研究中心.黑龙江,哈尔滨(150001)),刘剑峰…∥光学技术.—2005,31(5).—675-678基于Zernike多项式利用Householder变换法对不同空间频率径向误差和不同口径局部误差进行了拟合,得到了拟合误差的均方根(RMS)值,分析了Zernike多项式的局限性。结果表明,Zernike在拟合径向误差时,受到最大空间频率的限制;在拟合局部误差时要受到局部误差口径大小的限制,并且会引起额外的波动。图7参8(于晓…     

环形区域上Zernike模式法波前重构

 针对激光技术领域常见的环形激光光束,利用圆域Zernike多项式和环域Zernike多项式进行模式法波前重构,结果显示,如果环形激光光束波前相位畸变主要由低空间频率成分组成,则可以直接利用圆域Zernike多项式进行波前重构;如果环形激光光束波前相位畸变含有较多的高阶频率成分,则利用环域Zernike多项式进行波前重构。     

Zernike多项式对空间高频相位拟合的改进方法

以随机相位屏构造光束波前畸变模型,运用不同阶数的Zernike多项式对其进行拟合。通过对比分析原始波前及拟合波前的功率谱密度,明确了波面拟合过程中Zernike多项式对波前中高频成分拟合存在的不足,进而提出了基于Zernike多项式的分块拟合方式加以改进。研究结果表明:在常规的拟合方式下,随着拟合阶数的增加,能准确反映的波前相位空间频率逐渐向高频范围扩展,但其扩展幅度并不大;此外,即使采用较高的拟合阶数,Zernike多项式也难以准确反映波前空间频率中的高频成分;而采用分块拟合方式后,Zernike多项式的拟合效果明显提升,并能有效反映畸变波前空间频率中的高频成分;在提高波面拟合精度上,增加分块数的效果明显优于增加Zernike多项式拟合阶数;对于分块拟合方式,当分块数一定时,增大子区域拟合所使用的Zernike阶数的拟合效果明显优于增大整体拟合所使用的Zernike阶数。     

环形大口径平面镜圆Zernike多项式拟合精度分析

采用瑞奇-康芒实验装置和利用圆Zernike多项式分别对不同遮拦比环域进行了拟合。结果表明,在遮拦比小于0.4的环域上,用圆Zernike多项式拟合,残差PV和残差RMS值不是很大;在遮拦比大于0.4的环域上,需用环Zernike多项式拟合才能保证一定的拟合精度。     

基于泽尼克多项式进行面形误差拟合的频域分析

获得泽尼克多项式的频谱信息是正确利用该多项式进行误差拟合的关键。推导出了泽尼克多项式的傅里叶变换公式,在频域中分析了不同阶数该多项式的径向频谱信息和幅角频谱信息,得到了有限项泽尼克多项式能够有效表达面形误差的最大径向空间频率和角频率。基于频域分析理论,利用泽尼克多项式对不同口径局部误差进行了拟合,并利用齐戈（Zygo）干涉仪对带有不同面形误差的光学元件进行了试验分析。结果表明,当误差的径向空间频率或角频率超出泽尼克多项式所能表达的频谱范围时,拟合误差迅速变大。     

Zernike多项式拟合干涉面方法研究

本文就专著和文献中关于Zernike多项式拟合干涉波面几乎都建设采用Gram-Schimdt正交化方法,而不采用比较简单的传统经典的最小二乘法问题进行了深入研究,从理论和实践上严格地证明了两种方法的等价性。实践中发现,用最小二乘法求解Zernike多项式拟合系数的速度比用Gram-Schimdt正交化方法提高了三倍之多。由于在精密光测技术中,Zernike多项式已被广泛采用,因此,“等价性”的证明具有重要意义,并对于其它类似问题也有着普遍的参考价值。     

环扇形分块主镜的波面拟合及重构方法研究

用有限元分析获得了环扇形分块主镜的镜面热变形数据,分别用圆域Zernike多项式和环扇域Zernike多项式对其进行了波面拟合,比较了用两种多项式的拟合精度。基于哈特曼-夏克波前传感器对由环扇形镜面热变形引起的畸变波前进行了模式法重构,分析了用上述两种多项式重构时矩阵条件数和测量误差对重构精度的影响。     

哈特曼波前传感器中采样点数的分析

随着哈特曼传感器测量口径的增大,采样点数对被测波前的空间分辨率、测量精度及动态范围的影响也随之增大,因此通过计算机仿真波前径向斜率拟合过程,分析出采样点数和斜率探测误差对测量精度和测量范围的影响。计算机仿真的波前斜率拟合所用泽尼克多项式达到121项,测量口径2m,测量精度要求λ/50,径向(半径)和切向最少采样点数分别为10点和21点。当径向和切向采样点数分别为40点和250点,斜率测量误差为0.045″时,所测波前的P-V值范围是0-4λ。     

Accurate and fast simulation of Kolmogorov phase screen by combining spectral method with Zernike polynomials method

A new method is proposed to simulate the Kolmogorov phase screen. A hybrid phase screen is achieved by linearly combining two phase screens simulated by both spectral and Zernike polynomials methods. Unlike the imperfection of phase structure function existing at some spatial frequencies in each of the two methods, the mean structure function of the hybrid phase screens coincides remarkably well with theory in the whole spatial frequency domain. Apart from advantage on accuracy, the proposed method also saves considerable computational time. For a phase screen with certain accuracy, the new method is ten times and seven times faster compared with the spectral method and Zernike polynomials method, respectively.     

Modal Description of Wavefront Aberration in Non-circle Apertures

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Spatial impulse responses from a flexible baffled circular piston

The theory of orthogonal polynomial (Zernike) expansions of functions on a disk, as used in the diffraction theory of optical aberrations, is applied to obtain (semi-) analytical expressions for the spatial impulse responses arising from a non-uniformly moving, baffled, circular piston. These expressions are in terms of the expansion coefficients of the non-uniformity and the responses of the orthogonal expansion functions. The latter impulse responses have a closed form as finite series involving the Legendre functions and the sinc function. The method is compared with a similar method, proposed by P. R. Stepanishen [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 70, 1176-1181 (1981)] where zeroth order orthogonal Bessel functions, rather than Zernike polynomials, are used as expansion functions.     

Development of a practical performance aberration retrieval method from spot intensity images using inverse analysis

A “practically applicable” spot images based aberration retrieval method was developed. The method was systemized with the following techniques. 1) The real part and imaginary part of the spatial spectrum of the focal plane were expanded with the finite lower Zernike polynomials, respectively, and the method was reduced to the nonlinear least squares problem which calculates these coefficients. This technique will identify both the aberration and the intensity distribution of the spatial spectrum. 2) The intensity distributions of spot images were calculated using the Nijboer-Zernike polynomials in order to avoid a long calculation time and the numerical errors caused by Fourier transform or convolution. 3) Two noise reduction methods were applied to the present method, and some numerical and practical experiments were performed to demonstrate the technique’s effectiveness. Four kinds of practical experiment based on theories were performed, and all of them showed good agreement with the theories.     

离轴抛物面反射镜模拟空间环境镜面变形分析

在卫星红外多光谱扫描仪模拟空间环境辐射定标试验中,环境模拟器舱内的稳、瞬态温度场会给光学系统成像质量带来影响.以试验中的实测温度变化作为温度载荷,借助有限元软件,分析了定标系统中通光孔径为φ400mm的离轴抛物面主镜的温度场分布和热弹性变形.选用在单位圆内正交的Zernike多项式为拟合基函数,通过坐标变换,将抛物镜表...