4-正戊酰基三联苯的合成

以三联苯和正戊酰氯为原料,经Friedel-Crafts反应合成了4-正戊酰三联苯(2)。考察了反应温度、溶剂用量和反应时间对2收率的影响。最佳的反应条件为:三联苯100 mmol,反应温度10℃,溶剂二氯乙烷600mL,反应时间30 min。在此最佳反应条件下,2的收率为89%,纯度达90%(GC)。     

四异丙氧基钛对苯偶姻体系的氧化反应

Ti(OPr^i)4作为氧化剂直接氧化有机物尚属首例, ti(OPr^i)4很容易将苯偶姻氧化生成苯偶酰。室温下, 以THF作溶剂, 反应仅需10min。同样, Ti(OPr^i)4也能将氯、甲基和甲氧基取代的苯偶姻以及糠偶姻(Furoin)氧化生成相应的二酮。实验结果表明:Ti(OPr^i)4与苯偶姻体系的反应, 条件温和, 产率很高, 是一条实用、而有效的由苯偶姻制备苯偶酰的途径。     

盐酸三甲胺三氧化铬／硅胶载体试剂的制备及其对苯偶姻体系的氧化

报道了盐酸三甲胺三氧化锆／硅胶载体试剂的制备方法及其对苯偶姻的氧化反应。该试剂制备简单，用于地苯偶姻的氧化，高收率地得到相应的苯偶酰在化合物，并且反应条件温和，产物易分离。     

1同基团2—二氰基—4,5—双十四烷氧基苯合成方法的改进

由邻苯二配合经溴代反应制得１，２－二溴－４，５－苯二酚，再与无水碳酸钾和１－工二四烷反应制得１，２－圩溴－４，５－双二四烷氧基苯，最后在ＤＭＦ－ＮａＩ体系中与氰化亚铜反应制得１，２－二氰基－４，５－双十无期基苯，新化合物的结构经元素分析，ＩＲ、ＨＮＭＲ等证实。     

金属苯炔的合成与化学性质

金属苯炔是一类新颖的杂环芳香化合物.它们可看成是苯炔分子中的一个碳原子被等瓣的过渡金属基团取代而衍生出来的六元杂环化合物.近年来,金属苯炔的化学引起了人们的兴趣和关注.一系列含锇和铼的金属苯炔已被成功地合成和鉴定.这些金属苯炔不仅具有有机化合物的芳香性,还具有金属有机化合物的属性.它们既可以发生芳香体系的经典反应(如亲电取代反应),也可以发生金属有机化合物的反应(如卡宾化合物的形成).     

非活性苯衍生物的磺化反应

非活性苯衍生物的磺化反应邹友思，戴李宗，林静（厦门大学化学系，厦门，３６１００５）关键词非活性苯，三氧化硫，芳香磺化反应前文［１，２］报道了各种卤代苯用液态ＳＯ３在ＣＨ２Ｃｌ２中进行的磺化反应。与卤素相比，苯甲醛、苯甲酸、苯甲酸甲酯、苯磺酸、二苯甲酮...     

三光气法合成间苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯研究

采用无毒的三光气代替光气与间苯二甲胺反应,合成了间苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯。考察了原料的摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间和氮气气速的影响。结果表明,间苯二甲胺和三光气的摩尔比为1.25∶1.0,用10m L·min-1的氮气连续通入反应体系,反应温度为130℃,反应时间为6.0 h,间苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯的产率为80.65%。     

硅苯和锗苯与2,3-二甲基丁二烯杂Diels-Alder反应的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法在B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)水平上研究了硅苯和锗苯与2,3-二甲基丁二烯的两类杂Diels-Alder反应的微观机理、势能剖面、取代基效应和溶剂效应.计算结果表明,所研究反应均以协同非同步的方式进行,且C—Si或C—Ge键总是先于C—C键形成.在硅苯或锗苯分子作为杂亲二烯体的[2+4]反应中,endo进攻方式的非同步性比exo进攻稍大一些,而后者比前者一般要稍稍有利一些.在硅苯或锗苯分子作为杂二烯烃的[4+2]反应中,反应非同步性的大小与产物中不对称的亲二烯体上的取代基与硅或锗原子之间的相对位置有关,且在动力学上总是非同步性较大的反应更容易进行一些.硅或锗原子上的CCl3或NH2取代基在热力学和动力学上一般有利于反应的进行,而C(CH3)3取代基的影响则相反.[2+4]反应在热力学和动力学上均远比相应的[4+2]反应容易进行,这与实验完全一致.苯和甲醇溶剂对所研究反应的势能剖面影响较小.     

三氯化铝—金属氯化物复合物催化苯的甲基化反应

1.前言 苯与甲烷通常是惰性很强的物质,尤其是在苯与甲烷之间,一般不容易发生化学反应。Olah曾报导,以HF-SbF_3为催化剂,苯可与甲烷直接发生甲基化反应而生成甲苯。但甲苯的收率仅为0.1％,且催化剂本身也有强烈的腐蚀性。Loffler等人以Ni/SiO_2为催化剂,在300℃下发现甲烷可与苯反应,但甲苯收率也只有约7％。 最近我们发现,无水三氯化铝及某些金属氯化物以适当的方式处理后所得到的复合物,可有效地催化苯与甲烷的反应,主要产物有甲苯和二甲苯等。实验结果表明,这些复合物对     

间二氟苯溴化反应产物的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)法对间二氟苯溴化反应产物的组成与结构进行了分析,并对间二氟苯溴化反应的选择性及反应条件进行了初步探讨。结果表明:间二氟苯的溴化反应具有较强的选择性,其主要反应产物为1-溴-2,4-二氟苯,副产物为1-溴-2,6-二氟苯、1-溴-3,5二氟苯及二溴代间二氟苯等溴化物。该反应的反应条件对产物组成有较大影响。     

Preparation and properties of polyurethane networks based on α,ω-difunctional poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide)

Poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide), poly(HFPO), networks were prepared from functional polymers by end linking via urethane groups. The prepolymers were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and GPC. The networks were characterized by determination of the number of network chains from the shear modulus, and were snown to contain both trifunctional crosslinks and difunctional links. The properties of the networks were investigated by a range of techniques. Compared with fully-fluorinated networks formed via triazine cross-links, investigated previously, the urethane-linked networks were more readily prepared but were poorer elastomers, were less thermally stable, and were less resistant to swelling by common polar solvents. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

系列甘露糖醛酸寡糖的制备与鉴定

用酸降解法制备了系列甘露糖醛酸寡糖(聚合度2～8),并分析测定了寡糖的结构. 褐藻胶经部分酸水解,于pH=2.85处分级获得聚甘露糖醛酸. 继续用酸降解法降解聚甘露糖醛酸,经凝胶柱层析分离纯化,获得系列甘露糖醛酸寡糖. 用荧光标记糖电泳(FACE)对寡糖进行了分析,并用电喷雾离子化质谱(ESI-MS)、 核磁共振波谱(NMR)及红外光谱(FTIR)进行了结构表征. 本研究用酸降解法制备饱和甘露糖醛酸寡糖,用凝胶柱层析法分离获得系列聚合度的寡糖,为褐藻胶大分子构效关系研究和药物的筛选与发现提供了重要的基础资料.     

CO2加氢合成二甲醚的催化剂的制备

先采用均匀沉淀法制备出CuO—ZnO催化剂,然后以CuO—ZnO催化剂作为晶核采用水热合成法制备出CuO—ZnO／HZSM-5（氢型ZSM-5分子筛）复合催化剂．利用X射线衍射和氨程序升温脱附手段对复合催化剂进行表征,并应用于CO2催化加氢合成二甲醚的反应．研究结果表明,在相同的反应条件下,这种CuO—ZnO／HZSM-5复合催化剂与采用物理混合法制备出的复合催化剂相比具有更好的催化效果,不但提高了CO2的转化率、二甲醚的选择性以及二甲醚和甲醇的总选择性,同时还改善了催化剂的稳定性．     

Fermented Oyster Extract Attenuated Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Decreasing Oxidative Stress

It is well known that oxidative stress induces muscle atrophy, which decreases with the activation of Nrf2/HO-1. Fermented oyster extracts (FO), rich in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and lactate, have shown antioxidative effects. We evaluated whether FO decreased oxidative stress by upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 and whether it decreased NF-κB, leading to decreased IL-6 and TNF-α. Decreased oxidative stress led to the downregulation of Cbl-b ubiquitin ligase, which increased IGF-1 and decreased FoxO3, atrogin1, and Murf1, and eventually decreased muscle atrophy in dexamethasone (Dexa)-induced muscle atrophy animal model. For four weeks, mice were orally administered with FO, GABA, lactate, or GABA+Lactate, and then Dexa was subcutaneously injected for ten days. During Dexa injection period, FO, GABA, lactate, or GABA+Lactate were also administered, and grip strength test and muscle harvesting were performed on the day of the last Dexa injection. We compared the attenuation effect of FO with GABA, lactate, and GABA+lactate treatment. Nrf2 and HO-1 expressions were increased by Dexa but decreased by FO; SOD activity and glutathione levels were decreased by Dexa but increased by FO; NADPH oxidase activity was increased by Dexa but decreased by FO; NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α activities were increased by Dexa were decreased by FO; Cbl-b expression was increased by Dexa but restored by FO; IGF-1 expression was decreased by Dexa but increased by FO; FoxO3, Atrogin-1, and MuRF1 expressions were increased by Dexa but decreased by FO. The gastrocnemius thickness and weight were decreased by Dexa but increased by FO. The cross-sectional area of muscle fiber and grip strength were decreased by Dexa but increased by FO. In conclusion, FO decreased Dexa-induced oxidative stress through the upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1. Decreased oxidative stress led to decreased Cbl-b, FoxO3, atrogin1, and MuRF1, which attenuated muscle atrophy.     

苯丙烯类葡萄糖氧苷的合成及其抗缺氧活性

以取代苯甲醛(1a~1t)为原料,通过Knoevenagel缩合、酯化和LiAlH₄还原等反应制得苯丙烯醇衍生物(3a~3t);以取代肉桂醛(1u~1x)为原料,经NaBH₄还原制得苯丙烯醇衍生物(3u~3x); 3a~3x与全乙酰化溴代葡萄糖经Koenigs-Knorr偶联反应及MeONa/MeOH体系脱除乙酰保护基反应,合成了24个苯丙烯类葡萄糖氧苷(5a~5x),其中5c,5f ~ 5x为新化合物,其结构经¹H NMR和ESI-MS表征。采用MTT法测定了5对缺氧损伤的内皮细胞(EA.hy926)的抗缺氧活性。实验结果表明： 5b, 5e, 5g, 5p, 5q, 5s, 5t和5y对EA.hy926的抗缺氧活性均高于经景天苷。     

污泥中常规生物指标的检测

介绍了污泥中三种常规生物检测指标,即细菌总数、粪大肠菌群和蛔虫卵的检测方法。污泥中细菌总数的检测采用平皿计数法,先将污泥样品稀释后选取2~3个适宜的稀释度进行培养;污泥中粪大肠菌群的检测采用多管发酵法,分别将稀释后的污泥混悬液接种于乳糖蛋白胨培养基和EC培养液中进行初发酵和复发酵实验;污泥中蛔虫卵的检测采用漂浮法,利用饱和硝酸钠溶液的比重大于蛔虫卵的原理,通过分离、离心、洗涤等步骤将样品中的蛔虫卵集中于载物玻片上镜检计数。文章对污水处理厂检测及排放污泥有一定的指导意义。     

P(St-AM)核壳聚合物微球的制备及其光子晶体膜

采用一步乳液聚合法,调节引发剂用量,制备了不同粒径的具有核壳结构的功能性聚(苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺)乳胶微球.用透射电子显微镜表征了乳胶微球的核壳结构和粒径,所制微球的粒径分别为195,217,234和255 nm.用红外光谱对微球的化学成分进行了表征,证实聚丙烯酰胺已包覆在聚苯乙烯外层.通过竖直沉积自组装法制备了聚合物微球的光子晶体薄膜.扫描电子显微镜表征了所制光子晶体膜的表面形貌,反射和透射光谱表征了光子禁带.结果表明,聚合物微球以面心立方紧密堆积,其(111)面与基底平行;微球粒径不同,光子晶体的光子禁带不同.制备了不同光子禁带的光子晶体,禁带分别位于473,515,574和630 nm,相应的薄膜分别呈蓝色、绿色、黄色和红色,对于光子晶体的拓展和应用具有重要的意义.     

Photophysical,Electrochemical, Thermal and Morphological Properties of Polyurethanes Containing Azomethine Bonding

In this paper, three new low band gap Schiff bases were prepared by using 3-etoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and different o-phylene diamines. Then, these Schiff bases were converted to low band gap polyurethane derivatives, and their photophysical, electrochemical, thermal, mechanical and morphological properties were investigated. Photophysical properties of the compounds were investigated by using UV-Vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Electrochemical properties of Schiff bases and polyurethanes containing azomethine were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Thermal decomposition and transitions were determined by using TG-DTA, DMA and DSC techniques, respectively. Morphological properties of the compounds were also determined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images showed that polyurethanes containing azomethine consist of semi-crystalline particles.     

Preparation and Characterization of Nano-Structured SiO2 Thin Films on Carbon Steel

Nano-structured SiO2 thin films were prepared on the surface of carbon steel for the first time by LPD. The compositions of the films were analyzed by XPS, and the surface morphology of the thin films were observed by AFM. The thin films were constituted by compact particles of SiO2, and there was no Fe in the films. In the process of film forming, the SiO2 colloid particles were deposited or absorbed directly onto the surface of carbon steel substrates that were activated by acid solution containing inhibitor, and corrosion of the substrates was avoided. The nano-structured SiO2 thin films that were prepared had excellent protective efficiency to the carbon.     

对、间位卤代苯甲酸在水-乙醇混合溶剂中电离过程的焓、熵贡献

用LKB-2277Bioactivity Monitor测定了25℃时间氯、对氯和对氟苯甲酸在水-乙醇混合溶剂中的标准电离焓, 计算了相应体系的标准电离熵。利用Hammett方程对溶剂中酸的取代基常数σ进行了计算, 求取了对应的焓、熵取代基常数σH和σS值及熵反应常数ρS, 利用内部-环境模型和上述常数对溶剂效应和取代基效应进行了解释。