Approximate Mathematical Model of Heat Exchange in a Complex Thermal Engineering System of Several Product Pipelines Carrying a Motionless Isothermal Product within a Single Insulating Jacket

An approximate mathematical model was developed to describe the heat exchange in a complex thermal engineering system of several parallel product pipelines carrying an motionless isothermal product within a single insulating jacket. The model is distinguished by using a simplified mathematical model of the steady-state heat conduction on a circle (motionless product) and in an annulus (product pipeline wall) under the Robin boundary conditions using various “approximating” effective heat-transfer coefficients in different parts of the boundary of a heated product pipeline carrying the isothermal product with the air space and the insulation.     

Numerical study of the kinetics of unimolecular heterogeneous reactions onto planar surfaces

In this paper we investigate two-dimensional in space mathematical models of the kinetics of unimolecular heterogeneous reactions proceeding onto planar surfaces. The models are based on Langmuir-type kinetics of the adsorption, desorption, and reaction including the surface diffusion of the adsorbate, surface diffusion of the product before its desorption, and slow desorption of the product from the adsorbent. It is also assumed that the reactant diffuses towards an adsorbent from a bounded vessel and the product diffuses from the adsorbent into the same vessel. Diffusivity of all species and kinetic coefficients are constants. The numerical simulation was carried out using the finite difference technique for four models: one model neglects the surface diffusion of the adsorbate and product, the second one includes the surface diffusion of the adsorbate and product, the third of them includes the surface diffusion of the adsorbate and neglects diffusion of the product along the surface, and the last one neglects the surface diffusion of the adsorbate and includes diffusion of the product along the adsorbent. By changing input parameters effects of the surface diffusion of the adsorbate and product and the slow desorption of the product are studied numerically.     

钒酸铋颜料制备实验的改进——pH优化

使用改进的实验装置研究钒酸铋颜料制备实验中p H对产物的影响。X射线衍射分析结果表明,在选定实验条件下,产物为四方相为主的四方、单斜两相混合物。p H对钒酸铋颜色有重要影响。酸性条件下颜色偏深,为土黄色;碱性条件下为亮黄色,且p H越大,颜色越淡。推荐反应p H为9,此时产物颜色呈色调较好的亮黄色。     

环氧-丙烯酸酯混杂光固化体系的研究

研究环氧－丙烯酸酯混杂光固化体系中引发剂的协同作用，证实混杂光固化过程中自由基引发剂对阳离子引发剂二苯基碘Weng盐的增感作用，混杂光固化膜具有优良的机械性能，其抗冲击性能，抗弯曲性能及硬度优于单纯的阳离子体系固化膜，与自由基体系固化膜性能接近。混杂光固化膜的玻璃化转变温度高于自由基体系固化膜；它的耐溶剂性能优异，耐丙酮擦拭次数比自由基固化膜高25倍以上，比阳离子固化膜高3．5倍。这可能是由于混杂光固化过程中形成的IPN结构造成的，动态粘弹谱和扫描电镜的实验结果证实了这一结论。     

Correlation of product ion profiles with molecular structures of androgenic and anabolic steroids in ESI MS/MS

Androgenic and anabolic steroids (AASs) are a class of chemical substances closely related to testosterone in molecular structure. They can be abused to enhance performances in human and equine athletes, and are banned by the sports authorities. To assist with method development for doping analyses of AASs, investigations were conducted to correlate their product ion profiles with the molecular structures. Although very similar in chemical structure, AASs generated noticeably different product ion profiles from collision‐induced dissociation (CID). On the basis of both outlines of the product ion profiles and molecular structures, AASs studied were classified into six subclasses. In each subclass, the product ion profiles were identical or similar. However, the product ion profiles in one subclass were remarkably different from those in another. The classification reveals that the position and number of double bond(s) in conjugation with the 3‐carbonyl group in the molecular structure of an AAS have significant effects on product ion profile. The presence or absence of the 19‐methyl group in an AAS also has a remarkable influence on its product ion profile. A substitution in the A‐, B‐ or D‐ring of an AAS may cause a shift in mass value of the product ions. The correlation of product ion profiles with molecular structures of AASs has the implication that each AAS can be characterized by a combination of its [M + H]⁺ ion and product ion profile and as a result be identified with specificity. The classified product ion pattern may be useful in the identification of unknown AASs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Colorimetric method for the quantitative determination of the antibilharzial drug praziquantel and its application to pharmaceutical preparations.

A method for the colorimetric assay of praziquantel has been developed. For the colorimetric assay, it was necessary to hydrolyse praziquantel with 3 mol dm-3 NaOH, 6 mol dm-3 HCl and 85% phosphoric acid separately. 4-Chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl) reacts with the basic hydrolysis product in methanolic aqueous phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), resulting in the formation of an orange product with a characteristic absorption maximum at 478 nm. The red-orange product of the interaction between the hydrochloric acid hydrolysis product and NBD-Cl showed an absorption maximum at 486 nm. The colours obtained were stable for 24 h. The colour system obeyed Beer's law in the concentration range 2-15 and 2-18 micrograms ml-1 for the basic hydrolysis product and the acid hydrolysis product, respectively. The results obtained showed good recoveries with relative standard deviations of 0.378 and 0.47% for the basic and the acid hydrolysis product, respectively. The determination limit was found to be 0.124 and 0.150 micrograms ml-1 for the praziquantel basic hydrolysis product and the acid hydrolysis product, respectively. The coloured reaction products obtained with the proposed method were synthesized. The structures of these products were studied and the compounds identified.     

DNA的滚环扩增合成研究

滚环扩增(RCA)反应作为一种简单高效的等温酶促反应,现已发展为核酸扩增领域的新技术,其产物在组装体搭建和多功能材料的制备方面有着广泛的应用。本文采用琼脂糖凝胶、紫外和透射电镜(TEM)等手段,探究了时间、三磷酸脱氧核糖核苷(dNTPs)、酶以及引物的浓度等因素对脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)滚环扩增产物的影响。结果表明:在反应开始的前30 min,RCA产物的长度受时间的影响比较明显;随着dNTPs浓度的提高,RCA产物的链长增长,浓度也不断提高;酶和引物的浓度对滚环扩增产物的长度没有明显影响,但对RCA产物浓度的影响较大,过量的酶致使RCA产物的含量显著下降。     

酰基过氧化物的化学 VII: 过氧化环丙基甲酰与硝基烷烃阴离子的单电子转移反应

过氧化环丙基甲酰(CPP)能将硝基仲烷烃阴离子氧化成相应的酮. 产物分析和ESR研究揭示该反应经过由硝基烷烃阴离子向CPP的单电子转移引发步骤及随后的一系列自由基反应步骤, 生DN 主要产物酮和典型的自由基副产物, 如双环丙基、硝基烷基二聚体和能被ESR直接检测的双环丙基氮氧自由基等.     

双单体固相共聚改性聚丙烯技术及其机理研究

在马来酸酐(MAH)固相接枝改性聚丙烯(PP)的过程中加入合适比例的异氰脲酸三烯丙酯(TAIC)作为共聚单体,可以大大提高MAH在PP上的接枝率,同时可以有效抑制在普通固相接枝过程中PP的严重降解,得到了性能较好的高极性PP.与普通固相接枝法与熔体接枝法对比,双单体固相共聚接枝改性PP是一种得到高极性PP的有效方法.本文同时对双单体在固相接枝反应中的作用机理进行了探讨.     

离子热法合成沸石咪唑骨架材料及其溶解-结晶机理研究

基于沸石咪唑骨架材料在离子液体和低共熔溶剂中冷却结晶的析出方式,开发了一种离子热法合成沸石咪唑骨架材料的新途径,采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、核磁共振光谱、红外光谱以及热重分析等方法对制备的产物进行了表征,研究了合成条件对产物结晶度、尺寸和形貌的影响,探讨了沸石咪唑骨架材料在离子热合成体系中的溶解-结晶析出机理.研究发现,冷却速率能够影响产物形貌,急速冷却时,sod(RCSR代码)型产物的形貌为球形,zni(RCSR代码)型产物为棒状或平板状;程序控制冷却时,sod型产物的形貌为多面体,zni型产物呈团簇状.     

An Improved Synthesis of the Natural Product Isorhapontigenin

lsorhapontigenin (I ) is a natural product with many biological activities. M. Linel a/ first isolated it from the traditional Chinese herb, G.parvdoliunl 1. The totalsynthesis of (I ) has been reported' using miting reaction and TMS as the protectinggroup. the reaction gives both E and Z-stilbene, In an attempt to obtain enough sample of(I ) for screening its bioactivities, we have developed an alternative synthetic route toprepare isorhapontigenin through a 7 steps reaction sequence 3. H…     

Ca+RBr→CaBr+R(R=CH3,C2H5,n-C3H7)反应的矢量相关和产物的转动取向

The quasiclassical trajectory method is used to study the vector correlations of the reactions Ca+RBr (R=CH3, C2H5 and n-C3H7Br) and the rotational alignment of product CaBr. The product rotational alignment parameters at di?erent collision energies and the vector correlations between the reagent and product are numerically calculated. The vector correlations are described by using the angle distribution functions P(θr),P(φr), P(θr, φr) and the polarization-dependent differential cross sections (PDDCSs). The peak values of P(θr) of the product CaBr from Ca+CH3Br are larger than those from Ca+C2H5Br and Ca+n-C3H7Br. The peak of P(θr) atφr = 3π/2 is apparently stronger than that at φr= π/2 for the three reactions Ca+RBr. The calculation results show that the rotational angular momentum of the product CaBr is not only aligned, but also oriented along the direction which is perpendicular to the scattering plane.The product CaBr molecules are strongly scattered forward. The orientation and alignment of the product angular momentum will affect the scattering direction of the product molecules to varying degrees.     

Total Synthesis of the Natural Product-Pinosylvin and its Analog

Polyhydroxy stilbenes were proved to have many biological activitiesl'2. 'We havereported the total synthesis of tWo natural products-resveratrol (3,5,4'-tTihydroxylstilbene) and isorhapontigenin 3'4 which were first found in a traditional Chinese herb,G.Parvghlium by M. Lins et al. Herein,we want to present the total synthesis of anothernatural hydroxyl stilbene, pinosylvin (3,5-dihydroxy stilbene,10) isolated from this plantand its analog (3,5,3',5'-tetfahydroxy stilbene,9 ). In the synth…     

Effect exerted on properties of rubber blends and vulcanizates by modification of the silicic acid filler with the product of the reaction of methacrylic acid with trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether

The product of the reaction of methacrylic acid with trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether was prepared. The interaction of the epoxy groups of this product with silanol groups on the surface of silicic acid filler was confirmed and studied by IR spectroscopy. Properties of vulcanized rubbers prepared using the filler modified with the product obtained were studied. This product appreciably decreases the viscosity of rubber blends with the silicic acid filler.     

Non-isothermal Kinetics of Consecutive Reactions

Theoretical consideration has been made of the non-isothermal kinetics of consecutive reactions based on the superposition principle. In the model the first reaction product reacts to form the final product and the two reactions proceed independently. The amount of the first reaction product and the production rate of the final product have been obtained as a function of time for isothermal cases and as a function of the reduced times for non-isothermal cases. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Uses and analyses of curtin-hammett/winstein-holness systems involving second order reactions

The Curtin-Hammett (C-H) principle and the Winstein-Holness (W-H) equation approximate the product ratio and overall rate constant of reaction for systems involving a starting material which exists in two forms, each of which reacts via first-order kinetics to give a different product. The C-H/W-H approximations are valid when the rates of isomer interconversion are significantly faster than the rates of product formation. The present treatment encompasses non-first-order reactions to product. A numerical predictor-corrector technique is used to show (1) that relative reagent concentration can affect both the product ratio and the observed rates of product formation; (2) that the absolute concentration of reagent and substrate can affect the kinetics; and (3) that factors (1) and (2) above can affect the validity of the C-H/W-H approximations for non-first-order C-H/W-H schemes.     

Prediction of the phosphorus pentoxide content in the product as a function of raw material composition in phosphate beneficiation by calcination

A linear model is discussed to describe the phosphorus pentoxide content in the product of phosphate beneficiated by calcination, as a function of the impurities in the product. Relationships were found between the concentrations of the impurity variables in the raw material and in the product. These relationships were used to amend the model permitting prediction of the phosphorus pentoxide content in the product as a function of the composition of the raw material.     

The photoinitiated substitution reactions of 2-pyridinecarbonitrile with benzophenone in aqueous 2-propanol

The photoinitiated reaction of 2-pyridinecarbonitrile and benzophenone in acidic 4:1 2-propanol-water yields substitution product 3 and bicyclic product 4 . In nonacidic solution 3 is the principal product in addition to small amounts of a bipyridyl compound 5 .     

Amine-catalyzed Michael reactions of an aminoaldehyde derivative to nitroolefins

Catalytic enantioselective Michael addition reactions of α-amino functionalized aldehydes to nitroolefins have been developed. The Michael product was obtained in up to 98% ee, but the enantiomeric purity of the Michael product was decreased during isolation of the product.     

浓硫酸脱水实验中蔗糖炭化产物对Pb~(2+)的吸附性能研究

将《人教版必修1》浓硫酸脱水实验中蔗糖炭化废弃物经洗涤、水煮、干燥等处理后制得蔗糖炭产物,将处理后的炭产物用于铅离子的吸附实验,探讨了炭产物的用量、浸泡温度、溶液p H值等单因素对吸附铅离子的影响;并将炭产物的吸附效果与一些已经商业化的吸附剂进行对比,实验取得良好的实验结果,表明该废弃炭产物可以有效除去溶液中的铅离子。