Discrete curved ray-tracing method for radiative transfer in an absorbing-emitting semitransparent slab with variable spatial refractive index

A discrete curved ray-tracing method is developed to analyze the radiative transfer in one-dimensional absorbing-emitting semitransparent slab with variable spatial refractive index. The curved ray trajectory is locally treated as straight line and the complicated and time-consuming computation of ray trajectory is cut down. A problem of radiative equilibrium with linear variable spatial refractive index is taken as an example to examine the accuracy of the proposed method. The temperature distributions are determined by the proposed method and compared with the data in references, which are obtained by other different methods. The results show that the discrete curved ray-tracing method has a good accuracy in solving the radiative transfer in one-dimensional semitransparent slab with variable spatial refractive index.     

Monte Carlo discrete curved ray-tracing method for radiative transfer in an absorbing-emitting semitransparent slab with variable spatial refractive index

A Monte Carlo discrete curved ray-tracing method is developed to analyze the radiative transfer in one-dimensional absorbing-emitting semitransparent slab with variable spatial refractive index, in which the Monte Carlo method is combined with the discrete curved ray-tracing method. A problem of radiative equilibrium with linear variable spatial refractive index is taken as an example to examine the accuracy of the proposed method. The temperature distributions and the dimensionless radiative heat flux are determined by the proposed method and compared with the data in references, which are obtained by other different methods. The results show that the Monte Carlo discrete curved ray-tracing method has a good accuracy in solving the radiative transfer in one-dimensional semitransparent slab with variable spatial refractive index.     

变折射率介质中光线追迹通用算法的研究

基于几何光学的光线折射和反射原理提出了变折射率介质中的光线追迹算法,给出了在光线追迹过程中进行递推的反射光线和折射光线的方向余弦方程;解决了空间中法线的确定和光线回转等问题。最后通过对多种不同的存在解析解的特殊折射率分布的数值解值和解析解值的比较,验证了算法的正确性,并且讨论了应用算法时应该注意的问题和算法中还有待解决的问题。该算法不但具有广泛的适用性,基本不受折射率分布的制约,而且其数值解精度达10^-5。该算法在变折射率介质的光学设计和空间成像补偿等方面有着广阔的应用前景。     

Tissue refractometry using Hilbert phase microscopy

We present, for the first time to our knowledge, quantitative phase images associated with unstained 5 mum thick tissue slices of mouse brain, spleen, and liver. The refractive properties of the tissue are retrieved in terms of the average refractive index and its spatial variation. We find that the average refractive index varies significantly with tissue type, such that the brain is characterized by the lowest value and the liver by the highest. The spatial power spectra of the phase images reveal power law behavior with different exponents for each tissue type. This approach opens a new possibility for stain-free characterization of tissues, where the diagnostic power is provided by the intrinsic refractive properties of the biological structure. We present results obtained for liver tissue affected by a lysosomal storage disease and show that our technique can quantify structural changes during this disease development.     

磁电超材料折射率特性分析

基于麦克斯韦旋度方程, 将磁电超材料板中的电元件和磁元件分别等效为面电流和面磁流, 通过计算这些周期性面电流和面磁流在某个磁电超材料板上产生的总电场和总磁场, 获得了关于面磁流密度和面电流密度的两个方程, 进而推导出了周期性磁电超材料折射率与磁元件的磁导率、 电元件的介电常数和空间色散项之间关系的解析公式. 与传统的折射率计算公式不同, 该解析公式充分考虑到了空间色散以及磁电超材料的电元件和磁元件的相互作用. 折射率理论曲线和基于仿真实验数据的提取值曲线能很好地符合, 这说明文中推导的折射率公式能够正确地描述磁电超材料的负折射特性. 本文的结果将为分析电磁元件之间的相互作用以及设计负折射率符合一定要求的磁电超材料提供重要的理论参考. 关键词： 磁电超材料 周期性结构 负折射率     

Determination of nonlinear refractive indices by external self-focusing

The nonlinear refractive index of benzene is determined by measuring the reduction of the beam divergence of picosecond ruby laser pulses when passing through a benzene sample. Time-integrated spatial beam profiles give an effective refractive index while time-resolved beam profiles measured with a streak camera allow the determination of the temporal evolution of the nonlinear refractive index.     

Dielectric supported ring-shaped metal disks on a metal film for ultrasensitive refractive index sensing

We experimentally report a magnetic plasmonic metamaterial, which is constructed with a metal ring-shaped disk array supported by a dielectric layer on a metal film for high sensitive refractive index sensing. An ultrasensitive refractive index sensitivity of about 1842?nm per refractive index unit is achieved through the reflection spectrum measurement. We attribute the high sensitivity to greatly enhanced electric field intensity and its large spatial overlapping with the surrounding medium to sense. The present plasmonic structure provides an effective way for high sensitive chip-based biochemical sensors and integrated devices.     

用光纤白光干涉技术测量晶体的弹光系数

运用折射率椭球分析晶体的弹光效应,给出了三方晶系沿光轴方向的应力与折射率的变化关系.针对晶体的各向异性和折射率随应力变化很小的因素,利用白光干涉技术空间分辨率高的特点,将白光干涉技术拓展到研究各向异性材料的光学性质. 并对测量群折射率的光纤迈克尔逊白光干涉技术进行了改进.采用光栅位移传感器和全保偏光纤提高反射扫描镜的位移准确度.通过测量石英晶体在不同外力下折射率的变化情况,确定了晶体的弹光系数. 石英晶体的弹光系数P33和P13分别为0.110和0.279,其准确度达到0.001.     

强非局域光晶格中空间孤子的脉动传播

根据强非局域结构中空间孤子的演化方程——非局域非线性薛定谔方程,采用分步傅里叶方法,对一维强非局域光晶格结构中空间孤子的脉动传播进行数值研究.分析了孤子的初始光束能量、非局域程度、光晶格调制强度、光晶格周期以及线性折射率的纵向调制率与空间孤子的脉动传播周期之间的关系,并对影响脉动传播的内在物理机制进行了讨论.同时,还研究了在线性折射率纵向调制情况下强非局域光晶格结构中空间孤子传输的开关行为. 关键词： 非局域非线性薛定谔方程 光晶格 空间孤子 光开关     

Projected index computed tomography

Projected index computed tomography (PICT) is a new imaging technique that provides a computed reconstruction of the index of refraction of a sample. PICT makes use of data from standard optical coherence tomography images taken from several view angles to determine a mapping of the refractive indices of the sample. A rectilinear propagation model is assumed, so the data are understood to be related to the line integral of the refractive index in the beam paths. These data thus provide a set of angular projections of the sample. The spatial distribution of the index of the object may then be reconstructed by use of standard filtered backprojection techniques. The resultant PICT images are free of the spatial distortion that is inherent in standard optical cross-sectional images and correspond well to the manufactured dimensions of specific samples.     

部分相干涡旋光束在大气湍流中的远场传输特性

运用广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,详细研究了部分相干涡旋光束在湍流介质中的远场传输规律.研究表明,部分相干涡旋光束的光谱相干度及光强分布与光束的拓扑电荷数、空间相对相干长度及湍流介质的折射率结构常数等因素有关.在湍流介质中,光谱相干度存在相位奇点,并且随着空间相对相干长度的增大,相干涡旋逐渐演化为强度涡旋,而湍流介质的强弱对部分相干涡旋光束的影响则相反,随着湍流介质的折射率常数的增大,强度涡旋逐渐演化为相干涡旋.     

Investigation of refractive index modifications in CW CO2 laser written planar optical waveguides

This paper presents the measurement of the refractive index profile of buried channel waveguides fabricated by a CW CO₂ direct writing technique. A reflectance method is used to assess the refractive index distribution n(x,y) in these structures as it is a key parameter determining the propagation properties of guided wave devices. Beam propagation method (BMP) is used with experimentally determined cross-sectional data and refractive index profile to model the waveguides. The spatial resolution is 1.3 μm and, 5.10⁻⁴ for the refractive index.     

Integrating moiré and emission tomography to visualize and diagnose high-temperature flow fields

In this Letter, moiré and emission tomography are integrated to visualize and diagnose high-temperature flow fields, and a jet flame is chosen as a practical example for experiment. The refractive index and intensity distributions are simultaneously obtained by moiré and emission tomography, respectively. Based on the intensity distribution, the structure of the jet flame is well visualized, so that the spatial distribution of species composition can be considered in the temperature reconstruction process. Finally, the refractive index and intensity distributions are matched, and a partition model is adopted to reconstruct the temperature distribution of the jet flame.     

Surface plasmon resonance interferometer for bio- and chemical-sensors

An interferometric method for the detection of the phase shifts of reflected light under Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) conditions due to refractive index changes is proposed and experimentally realized. The sensitivity threshold of the method to a refractive index variation Δn is estimated to be 4×10⁻⁸. The proposed SPR-interferometer provides spatial phase resolution and thus enables to take into account the peculiarities of refractive index distribution over the surface of an SPR-supporting film. It can be successfully applied in bio- and chemical-sensor systems.     

Design Method for Optical Waveguide Filters Having Corrugation Structures by Corrugation Width Modulation

A method to design a corrugated optical waveguide filter by modulating the corrugation width profile is proposed. This method is based on combined applications of the Fourier transformation and the F-matrix formalism. The method achieves the spatial profile of the corrugation width required to design a filter with any specified spectral profile of the reflection coefficient. The idea of the technique is that the spatial variation of the effective refractive index can be transformed, with the help of the F-matrix formalism, to variation of the corrugation width while maintaining a constant amplitude of the refractive index variation. Two examples are given applying the technique to the design of optical waveguide filters with reflectivity profiles of two- and four-rejection bands.     

Characteristics of structural changes in fused silica under the effect of femtosecond laser radiation in the heat accumulation regime

Structural changes induced in fused silica subjected to focused femtosecond laser radiation in the heat accumulation regime are studied. The spatial profile of the induced refractive index and the effect its amplitude has on such effects as the self-focusing of the laser radiation, and thermal and photochemical processes are investigated. Individual contributions from each of these effects are separated and their effect is described on the basis of experimental dependences for the first time. It is also shown that the use of heat accumulation regime substantially increases the induced refractive index, compared to the nonthermal regime.     

Investigation of noise properties in grating-based x-ray phase tomography with reverse projection method

The relationship between noise variance and spatial resolution in grating-based x-ray phase computed tomography(PCT) imaging is investigated with reverse projection extraction method, and the noise variances of the reconstructed absorption coefficient and refractive index decrement are compared. For the differential phase contrast method, the noise variance in the differential projection images follows the same inverse-square law with spatial resolution as in conventional absorption-based x-ray imaging projections. However, both theoretical analysis and simulations demonstrate that in PCT the noise variance of the reconstructed refractive index decrement scales with spatial resolution follows an inverse linear relationship at fixed slice thickness, while the noise variance of the reconstructed absorption coefficient conforms with the inverse cubic law. The results indicate that, for the same noise variance level, PCT imaging may enable higher spatial resolution than conventional absorption computed tomography(ACT), while ACT benefits more from degraded spatial resolution. This could be a useful guidance in imaging the inner structure of the sample in higher spatial resolution.     

金纳米颗粒掺杂光致聚合物的体全息混合光栅模型

金纳米颗粒掺杂光致聚合物在全息曝光过程中,光产物周期分布会形成折射率调制相位型主光栅,同时金纳米颗粒周期分布形成由局域表面等离子体共振引起强吸收的振幅型辅助光栅。研究基于耦合波理论的一种混合光栅模型,分析了光栅的体全息光学特性。结果表明,混合光栅中的折射率光栅和吸收光栅都能够提升体光栅的衍射效率; 体光栅的角度选择性也可以得到明显的改善。     

Comparison of ray-tracing methods for semitransparent slab with variable spatial refractive index

The ray-tracing technique has the main difficulty in solving radiative transfer in the medium with variable spatial refractive index. Recently, three methods have been developed for the application of the ray-tracing technique in those medium. To compare and discuss the numerical characteristics of those methods, a semitransparent slab with variable spatial refractive index is taken as an example, and the reflectivity and the transmissivity of the slab are computed by the curved ray-tracing method, the multi-layer approach, and the discrete curved ray-tracing method, respectively. As the result, it is shown that, the discrete curved ray-tracing method gives the result with good accuracy and convergence characteristics than the multi-layer approach. Due to accounting physically inexistent reflection on the interface between sublayers, the multi-layer approach converges slowly.     

Quantitative Imaging by Optical Diffraction Tomography

Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) is applied to reconstruct the cross-sectional, complex refractive index distribution of cylindrical objects. Experimental reconstructions showing noticeable image contrast for refractive index variations of about 0.001, and having a spatial resolution of about 2 μm, are obtained for objects with cross-sectional diameters of about 100 μm. The results demonstrate that ODT can be used for quantitative imaging of semitransparent fibers.Presented at the International Commission of Optics Topical Meeting, Kyoto, 1994.