Design,Synthesis, and Anti-Proliferative Activity of Some New Quinoxaline-1,3,4-oxadiazole Sulfonamide Hybrids

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - In the current study, some new quinoxaline linked 1,3,4-oxadiazole sulfonamide hybrids have been designed, synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H and 13C...     

A Novel Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Gum Karaya: Characterization,Antimicrobial and Catalytic Activity Studies

Stable silver nanoparticles have been synthesized using gum karaya acting as both reducing and stabilizing agent without using any synthetic reagent. The reaction is performed using water, which is an environmentally safe solvent. This reaction was carried out in an autoclave at a pressure of 15 psi and 120 °C temperature by varying the time. The influence of different parameters such as time, change of concentration of silver nitrate and concentration of gum karaya on the formation of silver nanoparticles has been studied. The synthesized silver nanoparticles are characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD and TEM. UV–Vis analysis of the sample confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles exhibiting a sharp peak at a wavelength of 420 nm. TEM micrographs showed the formation of well-dispersed silver nanoparticles of size 2–4 nm. The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles stabilized in gum karaya is tested against Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus and is found to be possessing inhibiting property. The silver nanoparticles stabilized in gum karaya exhibited very good catalytic activity and the kinetics of the reaction was found to be pseudo first order with respect to the 4-nitrophenol.     

Shotgun proteomics‐based clinical testing for diagnosis and classification of amyloidosis

Shotgun proteomics technology has matured in the research laboratories and is poised to enter clinical laboratories. However, the road to this transition is sprinkled with major technical unknowns such as long‐term stability of the platform, reproducibility of the technology and clinical utility over traditional antibody‐based platforms. Further, regulatory bodies that oversee the clinical laboratory operations are unfamiliar with this new technology. As a result, diagnostic laboratories have avoided using shotgun proteomics for routine diagnostics. In this perspectives article, we describe the clinical implementation of a shotgun proteomics assay for amyloid subtyping, with a special emphasis on standardizing the platform for better quality control and earning clinical acceptance. This assay is the first shotgun proteomics assay to receive regulatory approval for patient diagnosis. The blueprint of this assay can be utilized to develop novel proteomics assays for detecting numerous other disease pathologies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modulation of humoral immune response to oral BCG vaccination by Mycobacterium bovis BCG Moreau Rio de Janeiro (RDJ) in healthy adults

We hypothesize that the energy strategy of a cell is a key factor for determining how, or if, the immune system interacts with that cell. Cells have a limited number of metabolic states, in part, depending on the type of fuels the cell consumes. Cellular fuels include glucose (carbohydrates), lipids (fats), and proteins. We propose that the cell's ability to switch to, and efficiently use, fat for fuel confers immune privilege. Additionally, because uncoupling proteins are involved in the fat burning process and reportedly in protection from free radicals, we hypothesize that uncoupling proteins play an important role in immune privilege. Thus, changes in metabolism (caused by oxidative stresses, fuel availability, age, hormones, radiation, or drugs) will dictate and initiate changes in immune recognition and in the nature of the immune response. This has profound implications for controlling the symptoms of autoimmune diseases, for preventing graft rejection, and for targeting tumor cells for destruction.     

Determination of rhodium in water samples using cloud point extraction (CPE) coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS)

Cloud point extraction was applied as a method for preconcentration of rhodium after formation of a complex with 2-propylpiperidine-1-carbodithioate (2-PPC), and later determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry using TritonX-114 as surfactant. Rhodium was complexed with 2-PPC in an aqueous phase and kept for 15 min in a thermostatted bath at 40 °C. Separation of the two phases was accomplished by centrifugation for 15 min at 4000 rpm. The chemical variables affecting the cloud point extraction were optimized and successfully applied to rhodium determination in various water samples. Under optimized conditions, the preconcentration system (100 mL sample) permitted an enhancement factor of 50. The detection limits obtained under optimal conditions was 0.052 ng mL⁻¹. The extraction efficiency was investigated at different rhodium concentrations (7.0–42.0 μg mL⁻¹), and good recoveries (96.42–99.14%) were obtained using this method. It has been applied to the determination of rhodium in water and was compared with reported methods in terms of Student’s ‘t’-test and variance ratio ‘f’-test.     

PEG-400 mediated an efficient eco-friendly synthesis of new isoxazolyl pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines and their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity

Abstract

Polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400) has been developed as an efficient and eco-friendly reaction medium for the synthesis of new isoxazolyl pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives 11 from isoxazolyl cyanoacetamide synthon 7. Compound 7 was employed with various aromatic aldehydes 8 and malononitrile 9 in the presence of triethylamine (Et₃N) to afford the corresponding (E)-6-amino-1-(3-methyl-5-styrylisoxazol-4-yl)-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydro- pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile 10 at room temperature by using PEG-400 as a solvent medium as well as catalyst. The intermediate 10 on treatment with thiourea in the presence of PEG-400 at 90?°C to give the target compounds isoxazolyl pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines 11 in good to excellent yields. The newly synthesized compounds 10 and 11 were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and HRMS analysis. The target compounds 11a-x was screened for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Among the tested compounds, the compounds 11s, 11t, 11u, 11v, 11w, and 11x showed significant anti-inflammatory and potent analgesic activities as that of reference drugs. The advantages of this protocol are operational simplicity, catalyst free, environmental safety, wide substrate scope, good yields, and PEG-400 can be recovered and reused. Most significant of all, this protocol is green.     

Self‐Assembly of “Chalcone” Type Push‐Pull Dye Molecules into Organic Single Crystalline Microribbons and Rigid Microrods for Vis/NIR Range Photonic Cavity Applications

A novel supramolecular fluorescent donor–acceptor type dye molecule, (2E,4E)‐1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐5‐(pyren‐1‐yl)penta‐2,4‐dien‐1‐one (HPPD) self‐assembles in a mixture of ethanol/chloroform through intermolecular π–π stacking (distance ca. 3.384 Å) to form J‐aggregated single‐crystalline microribbons displaying Fabry–Pèrot (F‐P) type visible‐range optical resonance. The corresponding borondifluoride dye (HPPD‐BF), with a reduced HOMO–LUMO gap, self‐assembles into crystalline microrods acting as an F‐P type resonator in the near‐infrared (NIR) range.     

Studies of weak interaction effects by laser spectroscopy of short-lived atoms

Laser-induced nuclear orientation has been used to make sub-Doppler-resolution measurements of a nuclear isomer^85mRb that has a lifetime of only a microsecond. The technique succeeds because the sampled atoms remove themselves before equilibrating. This paper describes two cases in which pre-equilibrium removal of atoms can prevent thermal equilibrium from obscuring information about the weak interaction that is present in the velocity profile of atoms as they recoil following beta decay. It should be possible to measure electron-antineutrino angular correlations in the beta decay of⁸⁵Kr, and to look for beta decay of tritium into an atomic bound state of³He-a fundamental effect predicted by weak interaction theory but never observed.