青霉素亚砜催化扩环制备头孢G酸

保护性甲硅烷基化;青霉素亚砜催化扩环制备头孢G酸     

反相高效液相法测定空气氧化青霉素衍生物反应的转化率

 在空气氧化青霉素衍生物合成亚砜的反应中 ,用溶胶 凝胶法包容催化剂乙酰丙酮钴 (Ⅲ ) ,使反应在非均相条件下进行。采用反相高效液相法测定了该反应的转化率。采用的柱为C1 8反相柱 (4 6mmi d × 1 50mm ,1 0 μm) ,流动相为甲醇 水 (体积比为 85∶1 5)溶液。在 2 70nm检测波长下 ,青霉素G 对甲氧基苄基酯亚砜(PGPMBO)检测量在 0 0 5g·L- 1 ～ 0 40g·L- 1 时 ,与其峰面积具有良好的线性关系 ,线性相关系数为 0 9992。在不同反应条件下反应的最高转化率为 98 8%。该方法可直接对反应体系进行测定 ,可以快速准确地测定出反应的转化率 。     

铀酰萃取剂烷基双亚砜的合成

单亚砜可用于从铀矿中提取铀及铀燃料的后处理与单亚砜相比较,双亚砜由于其为双齿配体,可与铀形成非常稳定的螯合物,所以双亚砜的萃取能力应优于单亚砜,且其萃取容量亦可增大。     

高选择性透过SO2气体分离膜研究 Ⅱ.丙基乙烯基亚砜改性聚乙烯醇功能高分子膜的分离性能

 丙基乙烯基亚砜改性聚乙醇功能高分子膜对SO₂,N₂及SO₂-N₂混合气体的渗透性能研究表明,该膜具有高选择透过SO₂的优良性能.透过SO₂的速率随着亚砜基含量的增加而增加,当亚砜基含量为25(mol)％时,经一次分离能使混合气体中SO₂的含量从1.54％提高到78.8％.     

蛋氨酸亚砜/蛋氨酸亚砜还原酶荧光检测研究进展

蛋白质蛋氨酸亚砜化是一种重要的氧化还原依赖的蛋白质翻译后修饰,不仅是氧化应激的重要标志物之一,也是一种蛋白质功能调控开关可影响活性氧信号转导,与一系列疾病尤其是神经退行性疾病的发生发展密切相关。 在许多生物体中,蛋氨酸亚砜还原酶是目前已经发现的唯一能将蛋白质蛋氨酸亚砜还原为蛋氨酸的物质,可以修复氧化损伤蛋白,恢复蛋白质功能,调控细胞氧还平衡,对相关疾病的治疗具有非常重要的意义。 本文重点介绍蛋氨酸亚砜和蛋氨酸亚砜还原酶的结构和催化机理,综述蛋氨酸亚砜和蛋氨酸亚砜还原酶荧光探针的部分研究进展,对该领域的研究前景进行展望。     

烯亚砜化合物的制备及反应概述

烯亚砜作为一类重要的反应中间体在有机合成领域发挥着重要应用。常见的烯亚砜制备方法包括:硫羰基化合物氧化、亚磺酰衍生物β-消除反应、改进的Peterson反应、重氮甲基亚砜的杂原子-Wolff重排反应等。作为活性中间体的烯亚砜可以被亲核试剂进攻硫原子中心或者碳原子中心,分别得到亚砜化合物或者新的烯亚砜物种;而其自身亦可以作为亲核试剂,以氧原子作为亲核位点与其他亲电试剂反应。烯亚砜和酰基或者烯基烯亚砜可以分别作为亲双烯体或双烯体发生正常和逆电子需求的Diels-Alder反应。烯亚砜既可以作为亲偶极子,也可以作为偶极子发生偶极环加成反应。此外,烯亚砜自身还可以发生二聚、脱硫等反应。希望本文总结的内容能够对该研究领域感兴趣的化学工作者有所帮助,并促进烯亚砜化学的进一步发展。     

过硼酸钠在硫醚选择性氧化反应中的应用

过硼酸钠(NaBO_3·4H_2O)是一种可以使硫醚起选择性氧化反应生成相应亚砜的有效试剂,本文报道一系列苯硫醚化合物(1a-j)经氧化生成相应亚砜(2a-j),反应中烯键以及羟基、羰基、酯基、酰胺基、氰基等官能团未受影响。     

手性亚砜合成*

手性亚砜及其衍生物广泛作为重要手性中间体和辅剂、手性配体和催化剂、手性药物。手性亚砜可以采用生物方法和化学方法来合成,化学方法包括手性辅剂诱导、手性氧化剂氧化、手性拆分和不对称催化等。本文简要综述了手性亚砜的各种用途和各种合成方法的研究进展,主要介绍了钛和钒催化的不对称硫醚氧化反应,也介绍了作者最近在钒催化的不对称硫醚氧化反应方面所做的研究工作。     

亚砜萃取有机酸机理的研究

用双对数法测出酒石酸石油亚砜萃合物的在观结构,并用红外光谱证明酸与亚砜以氢键相连。利用场解吸质谱可直接观察到有机酸亚砜萃合物的分子离子和准分子离子,比较多种有机酸纸层析的R_f值发现,亚砜萃取有机酸的机理中空腔效应起着重要作用。     

钇的双亚砜配合物的合成及表征

具有双齿配位基团的双亚砜作为金属离子的萃取剂已引起人们的注意,双亚砜的过渡金属和镧系元素的配合物已有较多研究,而钇的双亚砜配合物却报导甚少。为扩展双亚砜对金属离子的配位作用的研究,和为双亚砜作为钇与其它稀土元素分离的萃取剂提供基础数据,本文合成了钇的高氯酸盐,硝酸盐和氯化物与高、低熔点的双(正—辛基亚砜)乙烷(α、β—BOSE)和双(苯基亚砜)乙烷(αβ—BPhSE)的十二个配合物,并对其性质进行了研究。     

Synthesis,isolation, and purification of benzylpenicillin β-diethylaminoethyl ester hydroiodide

Processes of synthesis, isolation, and purification of benzylpenicillin β-diethylaminoethyl ester hydroiodide were studied. The optimal conditions of benzylpenicillin esterification with chloroethyldiethylamine in dimetylformamide and acetonitrile were found. Processes for isolation of the target product were developed and its physicochemical properties were studied. Product stabilization conditions providing a stable pH value in solutions of benzylpenicillin β-diethylaminoethyl ester hydroiodide were found.     

Reactivity of ethyl acetate and its derivatives toward ammonolysis: ramifications for ammonolysis‐based microencapsulation process

The reactivity of three ester organic solvents toward ammonolysis was examined in relation to the development of an ammonolysis‐based microencapsulation process. Ethyl acetate, ethyl chloroacetate, and ethyl fluoroacetate were chosen as ester organic solvents. Progesterone was considered as a model drug to be encapsulated into poly‐D , L ‐lactide‐co‐glycolide microspheres. A polymeric dispersed phase was emulsified in an aqueous phase, to which ammonia was added to initiate ammonolysis. The polarization status of a carbonyl group in the backbone of the ester was found to decide the magnitude of the ester reactivity. In fact, the simple ester ethyl acetate hardly reacted with ammonia, while ethyl chloroacetate and ethyl fluoroacetate showed greater reactivity toward ammonolysis. The rapid completion of ammonolysis led to the conversion of the water‐immiscible solvents into water‐soluble solvents, thereby providing an efficient tool for microsphere solidification. Among microencapsulation parameters, the type of dispersed solvent, the molar ratio of ammonia to a dispersed solvent, and the percentage of the progesterone payload decisively influenced the characteristics of the microspheres. Subsequently, variations in such parameters accompanied considerable influence on microsphere morphology, incorporation efficiency, thermal behavior, the degree of residual solvents, and the physical status of progesterone. Optimization of the process parameters would not only contribute to improving the ammonolysis‐based microencapsulation process, but would also permit the tailoring of microsphere properties to specific demands. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西红花酸二甲酯电子吸收光谱与热力学性质的理论研究

使用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,对西红花酸二甲酯的结构、电子吸收光谱、热力学性质进行理论计算研究,并基于Tomasi的极化统一场模型(PCM)讨论溶剂效应.结果显示,溶剂对西红花酸二甲酯的前线分子轨道特征几乎无影响,溶剂作用使该分子的最大吸收波长红移约42 nm,红移程度与溶剂极性无关.西红花酸二甲酯分子的气态热力学性质与温度的关系式分别为:Cm p=189.782+0.925T,S m=457.503+1.366T,H m=1164.899+0.195T+4.671×10-4T2,Gm=1164.899-0.263T-8.989×10-4T2.298 K时,西红花酸二甲酯分子的气态标准摩尔生成焓和标准摩尔生成自由能分别为-1180.67和-733.23 kJ·mol-1.     

Improvement of the Asymmetric Induction from Lactic Acid Derivatives Enhanced by ZnCl2

Lactic acid methyl ester, lactic acid ethyl ester, and (2S)‐ethyl‐2‐methoxy propanate were used as solvents for acetophenone reduction by boron hydrides. Moderate enantiomeric excess up to 60% was obtained in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of ZnCl₂. There is evidence for an intermediate between the solvents, the Lewis acid and the ketone, as the prerequisite for chirality transfer. The importance of the Lewis acid is to strengthen interaction between solvent and educt compared to the hydroxy group.     

The synthesis of methyl benzylpenillonate

Methyl phenylpenicillenate (10) was formed by the interaction of 4-carbomethoxy-5,5-dimethyl- 2-thiazoline (6) and 2-phenyloxazol-5-one in pyridine, whereas in neutral solvents the preponderant product of the reaction was methyl phenylpenillonate (7). Similarly, under the latter conditions, 2-benzyloxazol-5-one (5) and the thiazoline (6) yield methyl benzylpenillonate (4, R= Ph·CH₂, R=Me) identical with the product obtained from the methyl ester of benzylpenicillin.This contribution byA. B. A. Jansen andRobert Robinson is dedicated to ProfessorF. Wessely on the occasion of his 70th Birthday in admiration of his eminent services to chemistry as a teacher and original investigator.     

Regularities in the distribution of TTA and its scandium chelate into a series of ester solvents

The distribution ratios of TTA and its scandium chelate between aqueous perchlorate solutions (μ=0.1) and 15 ester solvents including ethyl acetate were determined at 25°. A good correlation was found between the distribution coefficients of TTA and the “solubility parameter” of the ester solvents. The relationship between the distribution coefficients of the scandium chelate (P_M) and those of TTA (P_HA) was shown to be, log P_M=n log P_HA+ const. The distribution of this chelate into another ester can thus be predicted.     

Anodic Cyanation of 1-（1-Methoxycarbonyl ethyl） piperidine

α-Aminonitriles were prepared efficiently from anodic cyanation of α-amino ester. The effect of different solvents and electrolytes was studied. The other byproducts were analyzed.     

Spectroscopic and theoretical studies of derivatives of 1,6- and 1,7-naphthyridines

The solvatochromism in 8-hydroxy-1,6-naphthyridin-5(6H)-one-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester (1), 5-hydroxy-1,7-naphthyridin-8(7H)-one-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester (2), and 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-1(2H)-isoquinolone-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester (3), has been studied in solvents of different polarity and hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) ability. The relative stabilities of isomers for these naphthyridine derivatives and their interaction with the solvent are reported. Two intramolecular hydrogen-bonded structures contribute to the ground state of compound 1. Temperature effects on the absorption bands were recorded to analyse the possible equilibrium between covalent and zwitterionic forms. The formation of zwitterionic species was observed only in HBD solvents, from which is inferred the solvent assistance in the proton transference. AM1 and PM3 semi-empirical calculations were used in support of the proposed interpretations.     

荷移荧光光谱法测定牛奶中苄青霉素残留

采用荧光光谱法研究了电子供体苄青霉素降解产物与电子受体四氯苯醌(TCBQ)之间的荷移反应,结果表明TCBQ与苄青霉素的酸性降解产物在甲醇-水介质中易发生荷移反应,生成稳定的络合物,其荧光强度较苄青霉素降解产物本身有了显著的增强。据此建立一种测定苄青霉素的新方法,在最佳条件下,苄青霉素浓度在0.30～8.0 mg/L范围...