电磁诱导光透明过程中的Wigner-Yanse偏振信息

利用约化密度矩阵及信息的定义,研究了电磁诱导光透明机理下, 控制场变化过程中探测场与原子系综的Wigner-Yanse偏振信息, 结果表明:探测场信息转移过程中,原子的信息量不仅依赖于光子的数目及光子的状态, 还依赖于系综内原子的数目;调节控制场,使探测场不能通过介质时,探测场完成信息转移, 原子系综内单个原子信息量获得最大值,但探测场的信息量并没有完全地转移到原子系综. 关键词： 电磁诱导光透明 暗态极化子 Wigner-Yanse偏振信息     

Dicke模型中的偏态信息

利用Wigner-Yanase偏态信息的定义,通过Dicke模型研究了数态光场的信息向原子系综的动力学转移.研究表明多个二能级原子组成的系综具备存储并释放光场信息的功能,但是,通过该模型光场信息只是部分地向原子系综转移.通过增加原子个数,光场信息的残留可以得到一定程度的抑制.     

依赖强度耦合三光子过程下运动原子最佳熵压缩态的制备

为了研究三光子过程中原子与相干态耦合量子体系信息熵压缩随时间演化规律及原子最佳信息熵压缩态的制备,我们采用全量子理论,推导出运动原子与单模简并三光子依赖强度耦合量子体系的精确解;理论上给出制备原子最佳信息熵压缩态的充分及必要条件,并进行了数值模拟验证.研究结果表明:控制相干态场与原子作用时间,切断相干态场与原子的纠缠,选择二能级原子处于等权重相干叠加态,适当选取相干态场与原子的初始位相,可以制备出原子最佳量子信息熵压缩态;调节光腔中场模结构参量,能够得到连续的量子信息熵压缩态.该研究结果在多光子过程低噪声量子信息处理中具有一定意义.     

利用光子回声技术对光的相干态进行存储的研究

具备有效存储和读取光的相干态的能力是实现连续变量量子信息存储的关键。本文研究了利用混合光子回声技术对光场的相干态进行存储和读取。光量子态被记录在原子系综的基态的两个相干能级中从而实现长时间的量子态存储。考虑到由于原子退相干的噪声效应,我们发现在目前可实现的技术条件下存储保真度仍然高于保真度阈值2/3。我们的研究为实现高效准确的基于量子回声技术的光量子态存储提供了一些切实可行的实践指导。     

光子两自由度超并行量子计算与超纠缠态操控

光子系统在量子信息处理和传输过程中有非常重要的应用. 譬如, 利用光子与原子(或人工原子)之间的相互作用, 可以完成信息的安全传输、存储和快速的并行计算处理等任务. 光子系统具有多个自由度, 如极化、空间模式、轨道角动量、时间-能量、频率等自由度. 光子系统的多个自由度可以同时应用于量子信息处理过程. 超并行量子计算利用光子系统多个自由度的光量子态同时进行量子并行计算, 使量子计算具有更强的并行性, 且需要的量子资源少, 更能抵抗光子数损耗等噪声的影响. 多个自由度同时存在纠缠的光子系统量子态称为超纠缠态, 它能够提高量子通信的容量与安全性, 辅助完成一些重要的量子通信任务. 在本综述中, 我们简要介绍了光子系统两自由度量子态在量子信息中的一些新应用, 包括超并行量子计算、超纠缠态分析、超纠缠浓缩和纯化三个部分.     

利用cluster态隐形传送任意三原子W态

提出一个隐形传送任意三原子纠缠W态的方案,在此方案中,选用由四个全同的二能级原子组成的cluster态作为量子信道.研究表明,接收者基于发送者的经典信息,借助于一个附加原子,实行联合幺正变换以及单原子幺正变换,可实现三原子W态的隐形传送.该方案不受外界热场和腔场耗散的影响,不需要贝尔态测量,成功实现传送的几率为1.     

依赖强度耦合三光子过程下运动原子最佳熵压缩态的制备

为了研究三光子过程中原子与相干态耦合量子体系信息熵压缩随时间演化规律及原子最佳信息熵压缩态的制备,我们采用全量子理论,推导出运动原子与单模简并三光子依赖强度耦合量子体系的精确解;理论上给出制备原子最佳信息熵压缩态的充分及必要条件,并进行了数值模拟验证。研究结果表明：控制相干态场与原子作用时间,切断相干态场与原子的纠缠,选择二能级原子处于等权重相干叠加态,适当选取相干态场与原子的初始位相,可以制备出原子最佳量子信息熵压缩态;调节光腔中场模结构参量,能够得到连续的量子信息熵压缩态。该研究结果在多光子过程低噪声量子信息处理中具有一定意义。     

多原子-腔系统中的量子信息传递

提出了一个多原子-腔组成的物理系统,并讨论了发生在该系统中量子信息的交换和传递过程,结果发现:由最低两个Fock态｜０〉和｜1〉任意组成的光量子态腔场,当处于基态的原子以特定的速度通过腔时,原子都能带走腔中的量子态并据为己有;反之,由两能级原子的基态｜g〉和激发态｜e〉任意组成的量子态,当原子以特定的速度通过处于真空态的腔时,原子都能把携带的量子态释放于腔中,实现了腔-原子之间的信息交换.利用原子能够捡起、释放量子信息这一特点,进一步讨论了把原子作为运输工具实现腔-腔之间异地量子信息传递的物理过程.     

通过Raman相互作用制备三个腔场的W型纠缠相干态

通过对比分立变量量子信息过程和连续变量量子信息过程的差别,利用相干态比较容易获得的这个特点,提出一种方案制备三个腔场的W型纠缠相干态.方案基于Λ型三能级原子与单模腔场的简并Raman 相互作用.三个相同的腔初始分别处于相干态,三个相同的原子初始处于W型纠缠态,通过三个原子分别与三个腔的Raman相互作用、选择适当的相互作用时间并探测作用后的三个原子,三个腔场坍缩为W型纠缠相干态.在原子与腔的相互作用过程中原子不处于高能级,可以忽略原子的自发辐射,系统的相干性能够得到较好的维持.基于当前的腔量子电动力学技术,相信方案能在实验上实现.该方案制备的三个腔场W型纠缠相干态有望在连续变量量子信息过程中有重要的应用价值.文中将方案推广到制备n(n〉3)个腔场的W型纠缠相干态.     

多个量子节点确定性纠缠的建立

量子纠缠是一种重要的量子资源,在多个空间分离的量子存储器间建立确定性的量子纠缠,然后在用户控制的时刻将所存储的量子纠缠转移到量子信道中进行信息的分发和传送,这对于实现量子信息网络是至关重要的.本文介绍了用光学参量放大器制备与铷原子D1吸收线对应的非经典光场,而且在三个空间分离的原子系综中确定性量子纠缠的产生、存储和转移.利用电磁感应透明光和原子相互作用的原理,将制备的多组分光场纠缠态模式映射到三个远距离的原子系综以建立原子自旋波之间的纠缠.然后,存储在原子系综中的纠缠态通过三个量子通道,纠缠态的量子噪声被转移到三束空间分离的正交纠缠光场.三束释放的光场间纠缠的存在验证了该系统具有保持多组分纠缠的能力.这个方案实现了三个量子节点间的纠缠,并且可以直接扩展到具有更多节点的量子网络,为未来实现大型量子网络通信奠定了基础.     

基于电磁诱导透明机制的压缩光场量子存储

光场的量子存储不仅是构建量子计算机的重要基础,而且是实现量子中继和远距离量子通信的核心部分.由于存在不可避免的光学损耗,光学参量放大器产生的压缩真空态光场将变为压缩热态光场,不再是最小不确定态.因此,压缩热态光场的量子存储是实现量子互联网的关键.在原子系综中利用电磁诱导透明机制能够实现量子态在光场正交分量和原子自旋波之间的相互映射,即受控量子存储.本文根据量子存储的保真度边界,研究了实现压缩热态光场量子存储的条件.量子存储的保真度边界是通过经典手段能够达到的最大保真度,当保真度大于该边界时,就实现了量子存储.通过数值计算分析了不同情况下压缩热态光场的量子存储保真度边界,以及存储保真度随存储效率的变化关系,得到了实现量子存储的条件,为连续变量量子存储实验设计提供了直接参考.     

Quantum leakage of collective excitations of atomic ensemble induced by spatial motion

We generalize the conception of quantum leakage for the atomic collective excitation states. By making use of the atomic coherence state approach, we study the influence of the atomic spatial motion on the symmetric collective states of 2-level atomic ensemble due to inhomogeneous coupling. In the macroscopic limit, we analyze the quantum decoherence of the collective atomic state by calculating the quantum leakage for a very large ensemble at a finite temperature. Our investigations show that the fidelity of the atomic system will not be good in the case of atom numberN→∞. Therefore, quantum leakage is an inevitable problem in using the atomic ensemble as a quantum information memory. The detailed calculations shed theoretical light on quantum processing using atomic ensemble collective qubit.     

Teleportation of an atomic ensemble quantum state

We propose a protocol to achieve high fidelity quantum state teleportation of a macroscopic atomic ensemble using a pair of quantum-correlated atomic ensembles. We show how to prepare this pair of ensembles using quasiperfect quantum state transfer processes between light and atoms. Our protocol relies on optical joint measurements of the atomic ensemble states and magnetic feedback reconstruction.     

Manipulating light pulses via dynamically controlled photonic band gap

When a resonance associated with electromagnetically induced transparency in an atomic ensemble is modulated by an off-resonant standing light wave, a band of frequencies can appear for which light propagation is forbidden. We show that dynamic control of such a band gap can be used to coherently convert a propagating light pulse into a stationary excitation with nonvanishing photonic component. This can be accomplished with high efficiency and negligible noise even at the level of few-photon quantum fields thereby facilitating possible applications in quantum nonlinear optics and quantum information.     

A quantum computer in the scheme of an atomic quantum transistor with logical encoding of qubits

A scheme of a multiqubit quantum computer on atomic ensembles using a quantum transistor implementing two qubit gates is proposed. We demonstrate how multiatomic ensembles permit one to work with a large number of qubits that are represented in a logical encoding in which each qubit is recorded on a superposition of single-particle states of two atomic ensembles. The access to qubits is implemented by appropriate phasing of quantum states of each of atomic ensembles. An atomic quantum transistor is proposed for use when executing two qubit operations. The quantum transistor effect appears when an excitation quantum is exchanged between two multiatomic ensembles located in two closely positioned QED cavities connected with each other by a gate atom. The dynamics of quantum transfer between atomic ensembles can be different depending on one of two states of the gate atom. Using the possibilities of control for of state of the gate atom, we show the possibility of quantum control for the state of atomic ensembles and, based on this, implementation of basic single and two qubit gates. Possible implementation schemes for a quantum computer on an atomic quantum transistor and their advantages in practical implementation are discussed.     

Preparation and control of entangled states in the two-mode coherent fields interacting with a moving atom via two-photon process

We investigate the preparation and the control of entangled states in a system with the two-mode coherent fields interacting with a moving two-level atom via the two-photon transition. We discuss entanglement properties between the two-mode coherent fields and a moving two-level atom by using the quantum reduced entropy, and those between the two-mode coherent fields by using the quantum relative entropy. In addition, we examine the influences of the atomic motion and field-mode structure parameter $p$ on the quantum entanglement of the system. Our results show that the period and the duration of the prepared maximal atom-field entangled states and the frequency of maximal two-mode field entangled states can be controlled, and that a sustained entangled state of the two-mode field, which is independent of atomic motion and the evolution time, can be obtained, by choosing appropriately the parameters of atomic motion, field-mode structure, initial state and interaction time of the system.     

Continuous weak measurement and nonlinear dynamics in a cold spin ensemble

A weak continuous quantum measurement of an atomic spin ensemble can be implemented via Faraday rotation of an off-resonance probe beam, and may be used to create and probe nonclassical spin states and dynamics. We show that the probe light shift leads to nonlinearity in the spin dynamics and limits the useful Faraday measurement window. Removing the nonlinearity allows a nonperturbing measurement on the much longer time scale set by decoherence. The nonlinear spin Hamiltonian is of interest for studies of quantum chaos and real-time quantum state estimation.     

Quantum memory based on $\mathsf{\Lambda}$-atoms ensemble with two-photon resonance EIT

We study the -atoms ensemble based quantum memory for the quantum information carried by a probe light field. Two atomic Rabi transitions of the ensemble are coupled to the quantum probe field and classical control field respectively with a same detuning. Our analysis shows that the dark states and dark-state polaritons can still exist for the present case of two-photon resonance EIT. Starting from these dark states we can construct a complete class of eigen-states of the total system. A explicit form of the adiabatic condition is also given in order to achieve the memory and retrieve of quantum information.Received: 8 June 2004, Published online: 10 August 2004PACS: 03.67.-a Quantum information - 42.50.Gy Effects of atomic coherence on propagation, absorption, and amplification of light; electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption - 03.65.Fd Algebraic methods