Near optimal performance joint semi-blind channel estimation and data detection techniques for Alamouti coded single-carrier (SC) MIMO communication systems

In this paper, two novel joint semi-blind channel estimation and data detection techniques are proposed and investigated for Alamouti coded single-carrier (SC) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system using Rayleigh flat fading channel model. In the first novel semi-blind technique, blind channel estimation can be performed by using singular value decomposition (SVD) of received output autocorrelation matrix and training based channel estimation for orthogonal training symbols can be performed by using orthogonal pilot maximum likelihood (OPML) algorithm. Further using, that semi-blind channel estimate and received output, data detection is performed by using Maximum likelihood (ML) detection. Finally we derived new training symbols from error covariance matrix of estimated data and known orthogonal training symbols, which further applied to OPML algorithm for final channel estimate. In the second novel semi-blind technique, blind channel estimation can be performed by using matrix triangularization based on householder QR decomposition (H-QRD) of received output autocorrelation matrix instead of SVD decomposition. Other steps are same as the first novel technique to calculate data detection and final channel estimation. Simulation results are presented under 2-PSK, 4-PSK, 8-PSK and 16-QAM data modulation schemes using 2 transmitters and different combinations of receiver antennas to investigate the performances of novel techniques compare to conventional whitening rotation (WR) and rotation optimization maximum likelihood (ROML) based semi-blind channel estimation techniques. Result demonstrates that novel techniques outperform others by achieving near optimal performance.     

相干光脉冲位置调制信道容量及传信率最大化研究

分析了相干光脉冲位置调制的信道容量及传信率最大化条件.通过分析光外差接收的脉冲位置调制信号具有的概率分布特性,推导出采用最大似然检测的相干脉冲位置调制信道具有的转移概率矩阵和信道容量,证明在检测器散粒噪声极限假设下,信道容量只取决于接收脉冲能量和脉冲位置调制阶数.利用Jensen不等式化简信道容量得到其下限,该下限能够近似实际通信链路的信道容量.基于此估计出达到最高传信率时的脉冲位置调制阶数同粒子数反转的重建时间之间的关系,给出了二者在一定范围内的一般映射.数值仿真表明,在接收能量使信道误码率优于10-2时,估箅出的脉冲位置调制阶数能够使传信率接近最大值.     

Performance of GPRML-AR system in perpendicular magnetic recording channel with thermal decay

The bit-error rate (BER) performance of the generalized partial response maximum likelihood with autoregressive (GPRML-AR) channel model system in perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) channel with thermal decay is obtained. The 128/130(0,16/8) run-length-limited (RLL) code is used as a recording code. The GPR channel consists of the PR1 channel followed by the reduction circuit of predicted noise. The BER performance is evaluated by computer simulation using a thermal decay model. The model has been obtained by using an approximate equation that represents amplitude degradation of the reproducing waveform with elapsed time based on the experimental data for CoPtCr-SiO₂ PMR media. The Viterbi detector with an AR channel model is employed. Furthermore, long-term degradation of the required SNR to achieve a BER of 10⁻⁴ with elapsed time is obtained and the performance is compared with that of PR1ML system. The results show that the poorer the thermal stability of the medium becomes, the larger the SNR gain of the GPR1ML-AR system over the PR1ML system becomes. The SNR gain also increases with elapsed time.     

Distributed spatial media-based modulation for relay networks with RF mirrors

A novel distributed spatial media-based modulation scheme is proposed in this paper by cleverly utilizing distributed spatial modulation (DSM) and media-based modulation (MBM) principles. This proposed scheme is referred to as distributed channel modulation (DCM) for relay networks. In this scheme, decode-and-forward relaying protocol is adopted, and the channel states are exploited for transmitting extra information bits by using a number of radio frequency (RF) mirrors that are placed near each relay. To provide a fair comparison with the conventional state-of-the-art schemes, the symbol error rate (SER) performance of DSM scheme is evaluated. Besides, a low complexity detection technique known as iterative maximum ratio combining (i-MRC) is used in order to reduce the receiver complexity of the proposed scheme. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DCM scheme significantly outperforms DSM scheme for the same average rate. It is also shown that there is a negligible degradation in the SER performance of the proposed DCM scheme when i-MRC detection is used as compared to the performance with maximum likelihood (ML) detection. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the receiver complexity is achieved by using i-MRC detection technique in contrast to the results with ML detector. It has been also revealed that the proposed DCM scheme shows a performance drop of about 3 dB when the availability of an imperfect channel state information (CSI) is assumed with the presence of channel estimation errors (CEEs). Finally, simulation results have confirmed the analytical findings.     

Performance of run-length limited (4, 18) code for optical storage systems

In this paper, the authors investigate the performance of recently presented run-length limited (4, 18) code for high density optical storage systems. The construction of the code is described simply. The code has code rate R = 1/3 and density ratio (DR) = 1.67. The bit error rate (BER) performance for decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) detector are simulated, considering signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and optical channel jitter. The result shows that the performance of the code is acceptable. The encoder and decoder of the code are implemented by complex programmable logic device (CPLD) chip and the hardware resources required for encoder and decoder arelow.     

噪声方差未知时的分布式量化估计融合方法

为了解决观观测噪声和信道噪声概率分布不完全已知时的多传感器分布式量化估计融合问题,提出了一种期望极大化算法(EM算法)的分布式量化估计融合方法。该方法将未知的噪声参数以及局部量化器量化概率建模为EM算法中二元高斯混合模型参数,利用极大似然估计方法的估计不变性得到目标参数的估计融合结果。仿真实验结果表明:该方法在局部传感器观测样本数目大于6000和信噪比大于6 dB时与已有理想信道条件下的估计方法性能相当。本文方法对水下分布式协同探测问题提供了一种简化的估计融合实现途径。      

基于最大似然准则的多波长OCDMA接收机的最佳判决门限研究

采用最大似然准则,研究了多波长光码分多址接收机的最佳判决门限值.通过检测信道的光信号能量,接收端估计出信道的并发用户数,并通过最大似然准则得到了最佳判决门限值与并发用户数、码字参量的变化关系.当并发用户数超过一定值后,最佳判决门限值将随并发用户数量变化,相应地改变接收机的判决门限值.根据最佳判决门限值,得到了多波长光码分多址系统误码率与并发用户数的关系.理论分析和模拟结果表明,采用最大似然准则得到的最佳判决门限值,MW OCDMA系统的误码率将明显降低.     

Maximum likelihood polynomial regression for robust speech recognition

The linear hypothesis is the main disadvantage of maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR).This paper applies the polynomial regression method to model adaptation and establishes a nonlinear model adaptation algorithm using maximum likelihood polynomial regression(MLPR)for robust speech recognition.In this algorithm,the nonlinear relationship between training and testing Gaussian means in every Mel channel is approximated by a set of polynomials and the polynomial coefficients are estimated from adaptation data in test environment using the expectation-maximization(EM)algorithm and maximum likelihood(ML) criterion.The experimental results show that the second-order polynomial can approximate the actual nonlinear function better and in noise compensation and speaker adaptation,the word error rates of MLPR are significantly lower than those of MLLR.The proposed MLPR algorithm overcomes the limitation of linear hypothesis well and can decrease the impact of noise,speaker and other factors simultaneously.It is especially suitable for joint adaptation of speaker and noise.     

Data page reconstruction method based on two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm with self reference for holographic data storage

This study introduces a two-dimensional (2D) partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) method to reconstruct a degraded data page having 2D inter-symbol interference for holographic data storage. The proposed 2D PRML method consists of 2D partial response (PR) target, 2D equalizer using least mean square algorithm, and 2D soft output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) having just two one-dimensional (1D) SOVAs in horizontal and vertical directions. To accurately organize a trellis diagram of the 1D SOVA in structural accordance with the 2D PR target, this study proposes the self-reference process for the extrinsic information in the 1D SOVA. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed method has bit error rate performance similar to that of modified 2D SOVA having four 1D SOVAs despite the relatively low computational complexity. Moreover, parallel processing is possible in the two 1D SOVAs through the self-reference process.     

一种面向中继协作频谱感知系统的自适应全局最优化算法

该文研究了冗余中继, 次用户及中继用户数目, 检测门限, 信道传输错误率等因素对中继协作频谱感知系统性能的影响, 并提出一种新的自适应全局最优化算法.该算法基于获得最大无干扰功率的自适应中继选择方法, 确定备选认知中继集合;单个次用户以信道传输错误率最小为准则, 从备选认知中继集合中自适应选择最佳中继, 使总体检测率最大;在给定目标检测率的条件下, 以系统吞吐量最大为准则, 给出了自适应全局最优化算法.仿真实验结果表明新算法信道传输精度高, 信道吞吐量大, 节约带宽资源.     

Improved partial response maximum likelihood method combining modulation code for signal waveform modulation multi-level disc

In this paper, we describe an improved adaptive partial response maximum likelihood （PRML） method combining modulation code tbr signal waveform modulation multi-level disc. This improved adaptive PRML method employs partial response equalizer and adaptive viterbi detector combining modulation code. Compared with the traditional adaptive PRML detector, the improved PRML detector additionally employs illogical sequence detector and corrector. Illogical sequence detector and corrector can aw）id the appearance of illogical sequences effectively, which do not follow the law of modulation code for signal waveform modulation multi-level disc, and obtain the correct sequences. We implement the improved PRML detector using a DSP and an FPGA chip. The experimental results show good performance. The higher efficient and lower complexity can be obtained by using the improved PRML method than by using the previous PRML method. Meanwhile, resource utilization of the improved PRML detector is not changed, but the bit error rate （BER） is reduced by more than 20%.     

星载激光对水下目标通信可行性研究

简要分析了通信信道中各传输介质的特性,确定了合理的传输介质光学参量。并根据一定的通信系统参量,利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了水下目标接收信号的时间和空间分布。蒙特卡罗估计误差与平均值比值的上限小于0.3%。根据模拟的结果,得出了优化的接收系统采样时隙和接收望远镜视场角,进而计算了接收信噪比。在此基础上,基于激光脉冲的脉冲位置调制(PPM)方式和最大似然检测,计算出通信系统的误码率。研究结果表明,在较恶劣环境条件下,利用星载激光系统可以实现对水下目标的良好通信。     

Compact waveguide CO2 laser excited by a RF power supply

The design and performance of radio frequency (RF) excited partial Z-fold waveguide CO2 laser with two channels are exposed. The length of the partial Z-fold channel is 3×460 mm and that of the single channel is 460 mm. The electrodes for the two channels are common and excited by a same RF source. According to our analysis, this kind of structure can greatly improve the laser offset frequency stability. In the experiments, we studied the variation of laser output power with gas pressure for two different channels.The maximum laser output power is about 23 W for the partial Z-fold channel and about 6 W for the single channel.     

Recording characteristics of high-density thin optical disk using near-field optical recording

We report on the recording characteristics of a near-field optical recording thin optical disk (NFR-TOD). We proposed a new cooling-less-type write strategy for recording, applied it to the NFR-TOD experimental system, and also applied a partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) signal processing, which was evaluated and optimized the PR coefficient for playback signals of the prototype NFR-TOD. The NFR-TOD has a track pitch of 160 nm and improved recording characteristics. The experimental results of the prototype NFR-TOD and the system indicate sufficiently low bit error rates (bERs) for recorded data at a fourfold higher recording density than the current Blu-ray disk.     

水下平台对卫星上行激光通信研究

在合理选择通信系统参量和通信信道参量的基础上,利用Monte Carlo方法模拟了卫星接收到的水下平台上行激光通信信号.分析了卫星接收信号的空间和时间分布特性,以及与望远镜接收视场角的关系,并计算了接收信号的信噪比,得出了3°望远镜视场角和15 μs信号积分时间的优化参量.基于计算结果,根据激光脉冲的PPM调制方式和最大似然检测方法,计算了系统的通信误码率,同时分析了海气界面、云等传输介质对通信的影响.研究结果表明:根据文中给定通信系统参量,在典型海水、海气界面、云等环境条件下,卫星与激光信号中心水平距离5 km范围内信号误码率<10－4.因此位于水下60 m的水下平台可能实现对卫星上行激光通信.     

一种基于单似然检验的高光谱图像小目标检测器

针对背景和目标的先验光谱特征未知的条件,给出一种基于单似然检验的高光谱图像小目标检测器。小目标相对于背景的低概率性使得高光谱图像数据对目标光谱信号的矩特征几乎不施加约束,可在最大熵条件下将广义似然比检验简化为对背景似然的单似然检验;利用全部数据样本建立无参估计模型以充分利用样本信息,从而得到基于单似然检验的高光谱图像小目标检测器。该检测器避免了统计模型误差和不明确物理含义特征对实际高光谱图像数据检测带来的影响。使用可见光/近红外波段机载I型实用型模块化成像光谱仪(OMIS-I)高光谱图像进行了实验,实验结果及相应理论分析表明该算法可有效检测高光谱图像中的空间低概率目标。     

Erratum to: Response of a SINIS Detector with Electron Cooling to Submillimeter-Wave Radiation

JETP Letters - Page 542, the sentence under Fig. 3 should read as follows: According to Fig. 3, the maximum radiation response is 2 × 109 V/W, which is 2.5 times greater than that at...     

利用目标信道特性约束的信道匹配检测算法

浅海有源声呐的探测性能主要受到多途扩展以及混响干扰的影响。为了提高声呐系统的检测性能,根据双扩展信道匹配原理,结合混响信道与声呐目标信道特点,提出了一种基于回波特性约束的信道匹配检测算法。该算法通过最小二乘匹配追踪算法估计信道稀疏响应,并根据混响和目标信道的扩展差异,通过约束目标信道扩展对稀疏信道响应去冗余,得到更精确的目标回波信道响应。利用该信道响应进行信道匹配检测,可以进一步提高信混比处理增益。数值仿真结果表明所提算法可以有效汇集多途信号能量并抑制混响干扰,提高声呐系统的检测性能;海试数据处理结果显示,在试验信道条件下,所提算法处理结果的峰值信混比,与匹配滤波相比提升约7~12 dB,与传统自适应相关器相比提升约6~7 dB。      

基于DPIM调制的MIMO空间光通信系统

为了抑制空间光通信中大气湍流效应和降低误包率,提出了一种引入分布式多出多入技术,基于数字脉冲间隔调制的多出多入空间光通信系统.在弱湍流信道模型和APD探测器下建立了多出多入系统链路模型,推导了最大似然检测下的最佳阈值和误包率.计算结果表明：发射分集通过多路径传输平滑接收信号光强起伏|接收分集增加孔径平滑效应,减弱接收光强起伏|在发射平均功率、接收孔径总面积和背景噪音相同的条件下,数字脉冲间隔调制的不同多出多入系统存在几乎相同的最佳雪崩光电二极管增益|比较多出多入通信系统下三种调制方式,数字脉冲间隔调制的误包率较少劣于PPM调制而大大优于OOK调制.     

Multiple carrier frequency offsets and multipath channels estimation for coordinated multi-point FBMC systems

Filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) systems are active candidates for the physical layer of the fifth generation of wireless communication networks (5G). The combination of FBMC system with the coordinated multipoint (CoMP) has been proposed to improve the performance of mobile terminals (MT) located at the cell edge. Accurate estimation of carrier frequency offset (CFO) and channel has great importance in communication systems. In this paper, a data-aided joint maximum likelihood (ML) CFO and channel estimation is proposed for the downlink of CoMP. Notably choosing the proper training sequences from Hadamard matrix for different base stations (BSs) reduces the complexity of estimator. Additionally joint CFO correction and channel equalization has been studied at the MT. Finally, we evaluate the efficacy of the presented algorithms using simulation.