全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱用于莪术挥发油分离分析特性的研究

用全二维气相色谱 /飞行时间质谱 (GC×GC/TOFMS)研究莪术挥发油。对GC×GC与GC的分离特性和GC×GC/TOFMS与GC/MS的定性能力进行了比较。在相同条件下 ,GC分离出 87个峰 ,GC×GC分出约 5 0 0个峰 ,GC/MS和GC×GC/TOFMS鉴定出匹配度大于 80 0的组分分别为 4 6种和 2 2 7种。除此之外 ,GC×GC/TOFMS对每一个组分可给出三维定性信息 ,定性可靠性大大提高。研究结果显示与传统的分析技术相比 ,GC×GC/TOFMS在中药挥发油成分分析领域有很大的优势     

石油样品全二维气相色谱分析的分离特性

汽油、柴油等石油产品是典型的复杂混合物体系。一维气相色谱 (1DGC)分离能力不够 ,重叠十分普遍 ,定性不准确 ,族之间也不能分离干净。研究了全二维气相色谱 (GC×GC)用于石油样品分析的分离特性。对一特定的石脑油进行研究 ,一次进样实现了烷、环烷和芳烃 (PNA)的族分离。与 1DGC比较 ,GC×GC的正交分离、族分离、瓦片效应等特性使其峰容量大、灵敏度高、定性更简单准确 ,适合复杂混合物体系的分析 ,也是一种检测痕量杂质的有效手段。     

全二维气相色谱技术及其进展

 许多分析问题的解决需要得到比一维色谱技术能提供的更高的分辨率。分离能力可通过使用多种分离技术或机理的组合来增强。此时 ,样品被分散在不同的时间维 ,最终的分辨率强烈地依赖于这些维间分离特性的差异。当它们之间没有关联 ,也即相互间正交时 ,系统可获得最高的分辨率。全二维气相色谱 (GC×GC)提供了一个真正的正交分离系统。它把分离机理不同而又互相独立的两支色谱柱以串联方式结合组成二维气相色谱。在这两支色谱柱之间装有的一个调制器起捕集再传送的作用。全二维色谱的峰容量为组成它的两支色谱柱各自峰容量的乘积。     

全二维气相色谱法用于不同石油馏分的族组成分布研究

一直以来采用化学法、色谱法或质谱法等多种方法联用分析不同石油馏分中一 些目标化合物和芳烃含量，但这些方法操作繁琐，迫切需要改进。作者采用全二维 气相色谱方法（GC×GC）研究不同沸程范围的蒸馏汽油、煤油柴油和裂化柴油的烷 烃（P）、烯烃＋环烷烃（O＋N）和1－4环芳烃（A）的族分离新方法。经过对柱系 统进行选择和对色谱条件进行优化，一个GC×GC方法即可实现对不同石油馏分的族 组成分离和目标化合物分离。用标准物对油品中一些特征组分进行定性，并对特征 组分和不同沸程的石油馏分的P，（O＋N），A族组成进行定量和比较，定量结果的 相对标准偏差（RSD）≤2.3。一个GC×GC方法便可完成原来要几个美国测试和材料 协会（ASTM）方法才能完成的任务。     

全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱对催化裂化汽油的定性与定量分析

采用全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOF MS)对催化裂化汽油全馏分进行了定性与定量分析,建立了相应的分析方法.结果表明,汽油族组成中的烷烃、烯烃、环烷烃、芳烃在全二维点阵谱图中呈分区域、带状的分布特点.GC×GC-TOF MS根据催化裂化汽油组分内分子的沸点及极性差异对其进行两个维度分离,极大地避免了普通色谱法分析过程中沸点相似化合物共流的弊端,实现催化裂化汽油组分的精确分离和准确定性分析.通过引入响应因子,修正了不同性质的烃类在电离源上电离效率的差异,使得TOF对催化裂化汽油族组成的定量结果与普通气相色谱法的定量结果的相关性较好,且应用GC×GC-TOF MS方法获得了催化裂化汽油更为精确的族组成信息.GC×GC-TOF MS为催化裂化汽油精确表征提供了一种有效方法.     

氯丙嗪在离子液体BMIMPF6修饰玻碳电极上的伏安行为

对氯丙嗪(CPZ)在离子液体BMIMPF6修饰玻碳电极(BMIMPF6/GC)上的伏安行为进行了研究.发现CPZ在该修饰电极上于065V左右产生氧化还原峰,峰的可逆性比玻碳电极(GC)有较大改进,其电极过程为吸附控制.在0050 mol/L磷酸缓冲溶液(pH 4)中,CPZ在BMIMPF6/GC上的氧化峰的峰电流约为GC上的2倍.在优化实验条件的基础上,采用微分脉冲伏安法对不同浓度CPZ溶液进行了测定.结果表明,CPZ在BMIMPF6/GC上的氧化峰电流与浓度在56×10-9～30 ×10-5mol/L范围内有线性关系.将此方法用于尿样的测定,其加入回收率为97％左右.用3种电极测定了CPZ的表观扩散系数,其大小为D(BMIMPF6/GC)＞DOMIMBF6/GC)＞D(GC),这与电极表面积变化及膜内扩散有一定关系.     

气相色谱专家系统柱推荐软件之二——判断用GC分析是否满足充分条件的软件

本文报道了色谱专家系统中判断样品是否满足GC分析充分条件的软件。依据是:对满足必要条件的样品,除了碳数间峰容量不足及作用距离十分相近的某些位置异构体分不开外,均可采用GC,通过调节选择性获得分离。采用产生式的知识表达,并用正向推理,在IBM PC机上实现了判断样品是否满足GC分析充分条件的功     

全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱对赤松松针挥发油化学成分的分析

选取产于小兴安岭的新鲜赤松松针,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取其中的挥发油,并通过全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱(GC×GC/TOF MS)对松针挥发油进行分析和鉴定。对色谱条件进行了优化,确定调制周期为6 s,二维色谱柱长为3 m,二维柱箱相对一维柱箱温度高20℃为最佳色谱条件。通过分析,鉴定出217种物质,其中萜类124种,包含单萜48种、倍半萜64种、二萜12种,共占总含量约69%,酯类33种,占总含量约12%,有机酸类6种,醇类15种,醛类15种,酮类11种和其他类化合物13种。相比于传统一维色谱(1DGC),全二维气相色谱(GC×GC)能提供数倍的峰容量,并对一些天然产物的异构体有着很好的分离,因此其在复杂天然产物分析方面具有独特优势。     

气相色谱专家系统柱推荐软件之二——判断用GC分析是否满足充分条件的软件

 ]本文报道了色谱专家系统中判断样品是否满足GC分析充分条件的软件。依据是：对满足必要条件的样品，除了碳数间峰容量不足及作用距离十分相近的某些位置异构体分不开外，均可采用GC，通过调节选择性获得分离。采用产生式的知识表达，并用正向推理，在IBMPC机上实现了判断样品是否满足GC分析充分条件的功     

水中微量甲氰菊酯的分析

采用GC -MS定性 ,GC -FID(火焰离子化检测器)定量测定被嫌疑犯用甲氰菊酯污染的鱼塘水和蜂窝煤灰中的微量甲氰菊酯 ,样品经氯仿萃取、浓缩后 ,进行GC -MS测定 ;选定的色谱条件为5 %SE_30柱(2m×3.2mm) ,载体ChromosorbWAWDMCS,柱温250℃ ,气化室温度280℃ ,FID温度280℃ ,峰面积定量;该法快速、准确,RSD(n=6)为2.2 % ,回收率为95 %～98 %。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.