Measurement of temperature profiles on visible light-emitting diodes by use of a nematic liquid crystal and an infrared laser

We present a new technique for measuring the temperature profiles of visible LED chips by use of a nematic liquid crystal with IR laser illumination. The LEDs studied have a multi-quantum-well InGaN/GaN/sapphire structure. New features in this technique are the use of a high-power IR laser beam as the sensing light and the insertion of a color filter in the optical path to block the high-intensity LED light. For the LEDs measured, the conversion efficiency decreases by 70% when the junction temperature rises from 25 to 107 degrees C. This technique is a valuable tool for studying the performance of LEDs as a function of junction temperature.     

结温与热阻制约大功率LED发展

LED结温高低直接影响到LED出光效率、器件寿命、可靠性、发射波长等。保持LED结温往允许的范围内,是大功率LED芯片制备、器件封装和器件应用等每个环节都必须重点研究的关键因素,尤其是LED器件封装和器件应用设计必须着重解决的核心问题。首先介绍pn结结温对LED器什性能的影响,接着分析大功率LED结温与器件热阻的关系．基于对器件热阻的分析,得出了结温与热阻已经制约大功率LED进一步向更大功率发展的结论,并提出了如下两个观点：1．要在保持低成本和自然散热方式下提高LED器件的功率,根本的出路是提高光转换效率;2．在日前没有提高光转换效率的情况下,发展超过5W的大功率器件对工程应肘没有实质意义。     

Color tunable light‐emitting diodes with modified pulse‐width modulation

In this study, a color tunable light source, operated by a modified pulse width modulation method, is investigated. By utilizing this method along with anti‐parallel connected discrete light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and two electrical terminals, a wide range of the chromaticity coordinates is attained and varied by electrical control. Using the combination of a blue LED and a phosphor‐converted yellow LED (blue LED plus yellow phosphor), the chromaticity range is varied by electrical control from pure blue to pure yellow. In addition, using the modified pulse‐width modulation method and a combination of white and red LEDs, white light with correlated color temperatures ranging from 5000 K to 2000 K is demonstrated. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

光谱分布可调光源的LED筛选研究

针对LED光谱分布可调光源对LED寿命以及光谱一致性的要求,对可见光和近红外波段的29种LED分别进行200 h的电流加速老化试验,并提出LED光谱一致性筛选算法。老化试验结果表明:峰值波长为385 nm、400 nm 和420 1 nm 3种LED的辐射通量平均衰减分别为24.8 %、10.7 %和25.6 %,不能用于LED光谱分布可调光源;剩余的26种LED的辐射通量平均衰减量均低于3.5 %,可作为光谱分布可调光源的内部光源。LED光谱一致性筛选算法以LED光谱数据为基础,计算同类LED间的相对光谱偏差,26种LED的相对光谱偏差均小于4.5 %,保证了所筛选出LED的光谱一致性。     

基于不同衬底材料高出光效率LED芯片研究进展

提高LED芯片的出光效率是解决LED光源大功率化和可靠性的根本。根据LED芯片所用衬底材料的不同,总结了近年来提高GaN基LED出光效率的研究进展,介绍了新的设计思路、工艺结构与制备方法。并从材料结构和衬底选取方面,对LED芯片未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Photonic crystal LEDs – designing light extraction

Photonic crystals (PhCs) have attracted much attention during the last decade as a solution to overcome the low extraction efficiency of as‐grown light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). In this review we describe the underlying physics and summarize recent results obtained with PhC LEDs. Here, the main focus is on diffracting PhC. In order to quantify the benefit from the incorporation of PhCs for diffracting light a comparison by simulations between a PhC LED and a standard state‐of‐the‐art LED is carried out. Finally, the impact of the PhC on the LEDs emission characteristics will be discussed with respect to étendue‐limited applications.     

Comparison of InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes grown on m ‐plane and a ‐plane bulk GaN substrates

InGaN/GaN‐based light emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on m ‐plane, a ‐plane and off‐axis between m ‐ and a ‐plane GaN bulk substrates were investigated. A smooth surface was obtained when a ‐plane substrate was applied; however, large amounts of defects were observed. Photoluminescence measurements of the LEDs with a well thickness of 2.5 nm revealed that all the LEDs showed the peak emission wavelength at 389 nm. The PL intensity of the a ‐plane LED is one order of magnitude lower than that of the m ‐plane LED. The a ‐plane LEDs showed significant lower electroluminescence output powers than m ‐plane LEDs, suggesting that excitons are trapped by the defects, which act as non‐radiative recombination centers. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

发光二极管材料与器件的历史、现状和展望

文章介绍了发光二极管材料和器件的研究、开发的历史，概述了发光二极管技术的发展现状和进展．通过与其他类型光源的比较，向读者展示了发光二极管未来的重要地位和光明前景．发光二极管的最近的成就是实现了有色光方面的成功应用．高功率白色发光二极管已开始应用于便携式和特殊照明．而在通用的照明领域要成功地应用发光二极管，则需要通过性能和价格方面的继续突破来实现．     

基于热场分析的LED日间行车灯优化设计

针对LED日间行车灯的设计需求,提出通过热场仿真分析实现其热性能优化设计的方法。首先,根据LED日间行车灯的结构建立其有限元仿真模型,通过实验观测LED日间行车灯工作中的温度分布情况,并以实验观测结果验证仿真模型的有效性;然后,基于以上模型仿真分析日间行车灯的灯珠间距、铝基板厚度与LED灯珠结温之间的关系;以上述关系为约束条件,结合生产成本,得出在LED灯珠一定的情况下,灯珠间距为37 mm、铝基板厚度为1 mm的最优化设计方案,使LED日间行车灯能够可靠工作且成本更低。     

Large-scale SiO2 photonic crystal for high efficiency GaN LEDs by nanospherical-lens lithography

Wafer-scale SiO2 photonic crystal （PhC） patterns （SiO2 air-hole PhC, SiO2-pillar PhC） on indium tin oxide （ITO） layer of GaN-based light-emitting diode （LED） are fabricated via novel nanospherical-lens lithography. Nanoscale polystyrene spheres are self-assembled into a hexagonal closed-packed monolayer array acting as convex lens for expo- sure using conventional lithography instrument. The light output power is enhanced by as great as 40.5% and 61% over those of as-grown LEDs, for SiO2-hole PhC and SiO2-pillar PhC LEDs, respectively. No degradation to LED electrical properties is found due to the fact that SiO2 PhC structures are fabricated on ITO current spreading electrode. For SiO2- pillar PhC LEDs, which have the largest light output power in all LEDs, no dry etching, which would introduce etching damage, was involved. Our method is demonstrated to be a simple, low cost, and high-yield technique for fabricating the PhC LEDs. Furthermore, the finite difference time domain simulation is also performed to further reveal the emission characteristics of LEDs with PhC structures.     

A model for LED spectra at different drive currents

A mathematical model for the spectra of monocolor light-emitting diodes （LEDs） and phosphor-coated white LEDs at different drive currents is established.The simulation program of the color rendering of a white light LED cluster is developed based on this model.The program can predict not only the spectral power distribution and color rendering index （CRI）,but also the number of LEDs,drive currents,input power,and luminous efficacy of a white light LED cluster at a given color temperature according to the requirement of the luminous flux.The experimental results show that the relative spectral power distributions （SPDs） and chromaticity coordinates of the model LED are very close to that of the real LED at different drive currents.Moreover,the correlated color temperature （CCT）,CRI,special color rendering index （R9） luminous flux,input power,and luminous efficacy of the white light LED cluster predicted by simulation are also very close to the measured values.Furthermore,a white/red cluster with high rendering （CCT=2903 K,CRI=91.3,R9=85） and a color temperature tunable warm-white/red/green/blule LED cluster with high rendering （CCT=2700 6500 K,CRI 〉 90,R9 〉 96） are created.     

采用小功率LED的汽车前照灯光学设计

为克服普通灯泡汽车前照灯耗能高、寿命短和现有LED(发光二级管,Light-Emitting Diodes)前照灯成本高的缺点,提出了一套采用小功率LED的汽车前照灯光学设计方案。采用48颗小功率LED,使得每颗LED照亮配光屏上的一块矩形区域。对单颗LED设计自由曲面透镜,光线经透镜出射形成一个矩形光斑。点亮不同的LED以及调整车灯的照射方向可以满足照明要求。模拟结果符合国家标准要求。采用小功率LED比普通灯泡寿命长,比大功率LED前照灯成本低,可靠性强,并且还能部分实现自适应前照灯的功能。     

AlGaInP大功率发光二极管发光效率与结温的关系

目前,AlGaInP大功率发光二极管(LED)存在的主要问题是大电流工作时发热严重,主要是由于电流扩展不均匀、出光面电极对光子的阻挡和吸收以及器件材料与空气折射率之间的差距引起的全反射现象,这些因素造成大功率LED出光受到限制、发光效率低、亮度不高.提出了一种复合电流扩展层和复合分布式布拉格反射层(DBR)的新型结构LED,使得注入电流在有源区充分地扩散,同时提高了常规单DBR对光子的反射率.结果显示,这种新型结构LED比常规结构LED的性能得到了很大的提升,350 mA注入电流下两者的输出光功率分别为4 关键词： 复合电流扩展层 复合分布式布拉格反射层 出光效率 结温     

白光LED光斑均匀性的改进

用于照明领域的白光LED,其出射光斑的色度均匀性对于产品性能有着更加重要的意义.介绍了目前工业上制作白光LED主要采用的荧光粉灌封点胶工艺.并在目前主流灌封点胶工艺的基础上通过改善荧光粉层结构形状,以提高白光LED器件的出射光斑均匀性.并通过九点法对不同工艺结构下LED出射光斑的空间色度分布进行了测量和分析.通过分析,虽然采用不同的粉层结构,能够一定程度上改善白光光斑的色度均匀性.但总体上,采用这种传统的点胶工艺制作的器件的白光光斑性能不好,现有的荧光粉层灌封点胶工艺存在很大的弊端.荧光粉层的可控性是影响色度均匀性(即光斑均匀性)的主要因素,包括单个器件内的光斑和器件之间的颜色一致性都不理想.     

Cascaded deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode via tunnel junction

The Al Ga N-based deep ultraviolet(DUV) light-emitting diode(LED) is an alternative DUV light source to replace traditional mercury-based lamps. However, the state-of-the-art DUV LEDs currently exhibit poor wall-plug efficiency and low light output power, which seriously hinder their commercialization. In this work, we design and report a tunnel-junctioncascaded(TJC) DUV LED, which enables multiple radiative recombinations within the active regions. Therefore, the light output power of the TJC-DUV LEDs is more than doubled compared to the conventional DUV LED. Correspondingly, the wall-plug efficiency of the TJC-DUV LED is also significantly boosted by 25% at 60 m A.     

Micro-projection dynamic backlight for multi-view 3D display

A micro-projection dynamic backlight for multi-view three-dimensional(3 D) display is proposed. The proposed backlight includes a light emitting diodes(LEDs) array, a lenticular lens array, and a scattering film. The LED array, the lenticular lens,and the scattering film construct a micro-projection structure. In this structure, the LEDs in the array are divided into several groups. The light from each LED group can be projected to the scattering film by the lenticular lens and forms a series of bright stripes. The different LED groups have different horizontal positions, so these bright stripes corresponding to different LED groups also have different horizontal positions. Therefore, they can be used as a dynamic backlight.Because the distance between the LEDs array and the lenticular lens is much larger than the distance between the lenticular lens and the scattering films, the imaging progress will make the width of the bright stripes much smaller than that of the LEDs, and the pitch of the stripes is also decreased. According to the 3 D display theory, the bright stripes with small width and pitch help to increase the number of views. Therefore, the proposed micro-projection dynamic backlight is very suitable for multi-view 3 D display. An experimental prototype was developed, and the experimental results show that the micro-projection dynamic backlight can correctly complete the directional projection of the parallax images to form a 3 D display.     

固态照明光源的基石--氮化镓基白光发光二极管

首先回顾了照明光源的简单历史 ,然后介绍了发光二极管 (LED)发展到大功率白光LED的历史 ,接着简述了国内外发展现状 ,主要技术路线及其特点 .最后阐述了作者在这方面的研究工作进展状况 ,对其发展趋势提出了一些看法 .     

发光二极管特性的实验研究

通过实验,对红、绿、蓝三种颜色的LED的发光稳定性、伏安特性和发光波长进行了研究。采用开启电压测量法和分光计测量法,研究了LED的发射波长,实验显示两种方法的结果是相符合的,说明开启电压法是可行的。     

3片独立自由曲面式LED汽车近光灯光学设计

为了使车辆驾驶员在夜间能够得到充足的照明,并且避免对面会车司机眩目,设计了具有明暗截止线的近光系统。根据GB25991 2010汽车用LED前照灯配光标准,尝试使用大功率白光LED和结构简单、光学利用率高的自由曲面反射镜（FFR)来实现前照近光灯的设计。以非成像光学为理论基础,建立了LED光源出射光角度和照明面上坐标的对应关系,结合折反射定律计算自由曲面上点的坐标。合理划分基础面,并优化调整各子面的面型数据,实现配光要求。采用3颗LED共同实现近光功能,每颗LED均有各自独立的光学系统。测试结果表明:设计的光学系统效率达到54%,且近光截止线清晰,满足标准对各测试点照度的要求。     

利用单层密排的纳米球提高发光二极管的出光效率

在发光二极管(LED)的透明电极层上制作单层六角密排的聚苯乙烯(polystyrene, PS) 纳米球, 研究提高GaN基蓝光LED的出光效率. 采用自组装的方法在透明电极铟锡氧化物层上制备了直径分别约为250, 300, 450, 600和950 nm的PS纳米球, 并且开展了电致发光的研究. 结果表明, 在LED的透明电极层上附有PS纳米球能有效地提高LED的出光效率; 当PS纳米球的直径与出射光的波长比较接近时, LED的出光效率最优. 与参考样品相比, 在20 mA和150 mA工作电流下, 附有PS纳米球的样品的发光效率分别增加1.34倍和1.25倍. 三维时域有限差分方法计算表明, 该出光增强主要归因于附有PS纳米球的LED结构可以增大LED结构的光输出临界角, 从而提高LED的出光效率. 因此, 这是一种低成本的实现高效率LED的方法.