Estimation of output beam characteristics of laser with unstable resonator and turbulent active medium

In this paper we present calculations of the three-dimensional mode structure and output beam characteristics of unstable resonator with turbulent active medium. The calculations of the output beam are carried out in the Fresnel approximation using the well-known iterative method [1]. The active medium is modeled as a series of phase screens with Kolmogorov statistics. The dependence of output radiation parameters of the gas flow laser with unstable resonator on the strength of turbulence in active medium and parameters of resonator is under consideration.     

内腔拉曼频移激光器输出光束参量计算

从理论上讨论了内腔拉曼频移激光器输出光束的腰斑大小和位置。首先从矩阵光学出发求出拉曼介质中抽运基频场的光束参量；然后根据Ibison的匹配模理论求出拉曼介质中的斯托克斯参量；最后通过出射光学系统传递矩阵的变换，求出出射拉曼频移光束的参量。为拉曼频移激光器的设计提供了依据。     

Effect of absorption on the spreading of a laser beam

The propagation characteristics of the fundamental Gaussian laser beam in absorptive and active media are investigated. There is a general reduction in the spreading of the beam on propagation in both absorptive and active media. In addition, in an active medium there is a shift of the focal plane and a reduction in the waist size of the beam.     

Free carrier modulation of a sub-bandgap CW laser beam: A Si optoelectronic chopper

In this work we introduced two beam photocarrier cross-modulation for creation of an optically driven photonic laser beam modulator using a semiconductor wafer as the active medium. Unlike other laser beam modulators, the process of modulation of an unmodulated sub-bandgap laser beam was made possible by generating a spatially- and free-carrier density-wave-dependent infrared absorption coefficient in the bulk of the semiconductor, following absorption of a collinear super-bandgap modulated laser beam. The experimental results showed that the modulation efficiency strongly depends on the transport parameters of the semiconductor material and on the power of the super-bandgap laser beam.     

Efficient design considerations for end-pumped solid-state-lasers

The temperature distribution in the gain medium and key design parameters for an ideal-four level end-pumped solid-state laser have been analyzed depending on the crystal's length, absorption coefficient, and pump beam M² factor. The optimum key design parameters and thermal focal lens are obtained by minimizing the root mean square of pump beam radius in the laser crystal. It is found that the focal thermal lens and key design parameters are dependent on the gain medium characteristics and pump beam properties as well. By considering the Poisson equation in cylindrical coordinate and Top-Hat pumping profile, an analytical formula has been derived to introduce the thermal focal length in the end-pumped lasers. A formula is also presented to relate the requirements of pump source to the gain medium properties for working laser at the design point.     

Kerr lens effects in a folded-cavity four-mirror linear resonator

The Kerr-lens model locking of a folded-cavity four-mirror linear Ti: sapphire laser is simulated by applying the ABCD ray-tracing technique for a Gaussian beam. The intensity dependent Kerr-lens ABCD matrix of the Brewster-plate shaped active medium is derived. A split-step parabolic refractive index model is used. the astigmatism compensation condition is derived from the ABCD ray-tracing. Simulations are carried out for a symmetric resonator and an asymmetric resonator design. Hard-aperture loss mode locking and soft-aperture gain mode locking are discussed. The optimum design parameters (slit position for hard-aperture loss mode locking, pump beam focusing for soft-aperture gain mode locking, gain cavity spacing, gain medium position) for Kerr-lens mode locking are determined.     

On the beam propagation through active media

An analytical iterative procedure has been established to determine the amplitude of a laser beam propagating through an active medium. The treatment is valid for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening, and for arbitrary inhomogeneities of the parameters characterizing the active medium, namely, the refractive index, the small-signal gain and the saturation intensity. After a supplementary approximation, a thin-sheet gain approach is derived from the first iteration. The formalism enables us to provide analytical criteria for evaluating both the accuracy of each iteration and the propagation distances for which the thin-sheet solution can be used. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Monte Carlo simulation of photon migration path in turbid media

A new method of Monte Carlo simulation is developed to simulate the photon migration path in a scattering medium after an ultrashort-pulse laser beam comes into the medium.The most probable trajectory of photons at an instant can be obtained with this method.How the photon migration paths are affected by the optical parameters of the scattering medium is analyzed.It is also concluded that the absorption coefficient has no effect on the most probable trajectory of photons.     

Joint moments of the wave beam amplitude and inverse power in an absorbing random medium with lens properties

This paper presents a derivation of a system of closed equations for joint moments of the amplitude and inverse power of a wave beam propagating in a regularly inhomogeneous dissipative random medium. The radiation transfer in the medium is characterized by non-conservation of the total radiation energy flux and by the existence of power fluctuations. The statistics of the wave beam power fluctuations have been studied. Information on the power statistical characteristics is applied to close the system of equations for joint moments. For task parameters which are not very strict (an effective radius of the wave beam should be considerably less than the outer scale of the turbulence) a system of independent equations for arbitrary joint moments has been obtained. The equations for the first two lower joint moments of the beam intensity and inverse power have been solved analytically. With the solutions obtained the effective wave beam parameters were calculated, i.e. the beam mean displacement, effective broadening and tremble variance (the beam wandering variance) for the propagation of radiation in the refractive channel of an absorbing turbulent medium. Radically new characteristics of the behaviour of the effective parameters in random absorbing and transparent media have been revealed.     

Joint moments of the wave beam amplitude and inverse power in an absorbing random medium with lens properties

Abstract

This paper presents a derivation of a system of closed equations for joint moments of the amplitude and inverse power of a wave beam propagating in a regularly inhomogeneous dissipative random medium. The radiation transfer in the medium is characterized by non-conservation of the total radiation energy flux and by the existence of power fluctuations. The statistics of the wave beam power fluctuations have been studied. Information on the power statistical characteristics is applied to close the system of equations for joint moments. For task parameters which are not very strict (an effective radius of the wave beam should be considerably less than the outer scale of the turbulence) a system of independent equations for arbitrary joint moments has been obtained. The equations for the first two lower joint moments of the beam intensity and inverse power have been solved analytically. With the solutions obtained the effective wave beam parameters were calculated, i.e. the beam mean displacement, effective broadening and tremble variance (the beam wandering variance) for the propagation of radiation in the refractive channel of an absorbing turbulent medium. Radically new characteristics of the behaviour of the effective parameters in random absorbing and transparent media have been revealed.     

Parametric characterization of Gaussian beams propagating through active media

On the basis of the intensity moment formalism, within the thin-sheet approach, the beam width, the beam quality and the kurtosis parameter of a Gaussian beam propagating through active media are investigated. The analysis considers both the homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened cases. The dependence of the above three parameters on the small-signal gain, saturation intensity and input beam size is studied. The validity of the thin-sheet approximation for the range of propagation distances and physical parameters of the system is also discussed.     

C-ADS中质子束窗散射效应和热力学计算

质子束窗是C-ADS中隔离加速器的真空环境与靶的非真空环境的重要部件。质子束窗材料及其冷却介质造成的束流散射效应是造成束流在靶外损失的主要因素,由于质子束窗中的高能量沉积和高辐照效应,束窗的热力学计算显得尤为重要。计算结果表明:当质子束窗和散裂靶距离为1.5 m时,通过选取合理的结构参数,多管道型质子束窗结构可以将靶外束流损失控制在1%以内。束窗中总的应力,包括由于温度升高造成的热应力、冷却剂的静压,以及束窗两侧加速器真空与外部非真空环境的压强差造成的应力,可以有效控制在所用材料的许用应力之内。并通过计算讨论给出C-ADS中质子束窗的初步设计参数。     

Formation of laser beams with a minimum divergence in the UV spectral region

The results of investigations of the divergence of an amplified diffracted beam of diameter from 1.5 to 150 mm produced by a XeCl laser are presented. It has been shown that if the intensity distribution of the amplified radiation is spatially nonuniform, the wave front in the active medium changes substantially due to the diffraction of the radiation at a small-diameter diaphragm. The active medium of the amplifier excited by an electron beam makes it possible to amplify without visible distortions a laser beam with a divergence of ≈10 μrad. Institute of High-Current Electronics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 64–68, April, 2000.     

Thermal lens and its effects in copper-vapor lasers

We have analyzed and measured the thermal lens of the copper-vapor laser by considering both its windows and active medium. The equivalent combined focal length varies with operation parameters and it is sensitive to the laser geometry. The results are verified by our measurements on a 20 W device with 35 mm internal diameter tube. The thermal lens effects on the beam properties are analyzed and verified with the experiments for both oscillator and laser chain case.     

Formation of elliptically polarized ring-shaped electric field structures on the self-focusing of light in an isotropic medium featuring a spatially disperse nonlinearity

The possibility is demonstrated that the self-focusing of an elliptically polarized beam in a medium featuring a spatially disperse cubic nonlinearity can give rise to several radially symmetric ring-shaped regions of the same sense of rotation (right or left) of the electric-field vector in the cross-section of the beam. The formation dynamics and propagation features of such electric field structures are studied for various parameters of the incident radiation and nonlinear medium.     

The monochromatization of a beam of charged particles by Cherenkov interaction

The possibility of monochromatization of a real beam of charged particles (possessing energy spread and angle divergence) as a result of Cherenkov interaction with laser radiation in a medium is shown. The refraction index of the medium, the Cherenkov angle and the intensity of the wave, necessary for this effect are determined by the initial parameters of the beam. For the real parameters of the beam of charged particles and the laser radiation the degree of monochromatization reaches several orders. A method of raising the monochromaticy of the charged particles of a beam is suggested.     

Theoretical analysis of the multi-pumped light intensity distribution of laser system with different pumping parameters

By approaching of the Gaussian function, the intensity distribution of multi-pumped light with different pumping parameters such as pumping structure, pumping beam waist, gain medium radius and absorption coefficient has been simulated, and the impact of the different pumping parameters on the pumping homogeneity has also been discussed. The conclusion is that the pumping intensity distribution can be strengthened by increasing pumping direction and pumping beam waist, and it can also be strengthened by decreasing the gain medium radius. It also indicates that the absorption coefficient should be moderate.