Development and integration of near atmospheric N2 ambient sputtered Au thin film for enhanced infrared absorption

The exceedingly fragile nature of thermally grown Au-black coating makes handling and patterning a critical issue. Infrared absorption characteristics of near atmospheric, N₂ ambient DC sputtered Au thin films are studied for this purpose. The thin Au films are sputtered at different chamber pressures in Ar and N₂/Ar gas ambient from 4.5 to 8.0 mbar and optimized for enhanced infrared absorption. The absorber film sputtered in N₂/Ar ambient at 8.0 mbar chamber pressure offers significant absorption of medium to long wave infrared radiations. The micro-patterning of sputtered Au thin film is carried out by using conventional photolithography and metal lift off methods on a prefabricated µ-infrared detector array on Si (1 0 0) substrate. The steady state temperature response of sputtered film has been examined using nondestructive thermal imaging method under external heating of the detector array.     

Concave grating miniature spectrometer with an expanded spectral band by using two entrance slits

A new miniature spectrometer with two entrance slits is proposed to expand the spectral band. The proposed spectrometer is designed such that the two entrance slits share the same concave grating and detector array. The two slits are located at different positions such that the spectral range of the same light source incident on the detector array varies greatly between the two slits. Only one of the two slits is illuminated at a given time; as such, the two spectral ranges are sequentially measured. Theoretical calculation and experimentation are conducted to verify the proposed design.     

A DEMONSTRATION OF 1×8 LINEAR ARRAY YBCO TRANSITION EDGE IR BOLOMETER

A high-T_c superconducting array microbolometer has been fabricated by using a YBCO film. Optical measurements gave moderate performance as individual detector, but singnificant improverment appears possible.     

A compact lensless and slitless volume holographic spectrometer for diffuse source spectroscopy

We present a simple, very compact, and inexpensive spectrometer for diffuse source spectroscopy using only a volume hologram (recorded by two spherical beams) and a CCD camera (or a detector array). We show that this spectrometer can operate well under spatially incoherent light illumination. We also show that the resolution of this spectrometer can be optimized by proper selection of the location of the CCD camera (or the detector array). The results show the possibility of using optimized holographic optical elements as the integrated collimating, dispersive, and light-collective components of spectrometers. PACS 42.40.Pa; 42.79.-e     

探测器光谱响应对光谱仪器波长标定中谱峰位置的影响

一般光电探测器的光谱响应是随波长变化的,这在光谱仪器进行波长标定的过程中,可能会改变标定谱线峰值所在的位置,从而影响标定结果的准确度。为此,针对采用阵列探测器的光谱仪器,建立了以高斯线型为标定谱线轮廓的模型,分析了谱线在探测器上经光谱响应调制及积分抽样后峰值位置发生移动的情况,给出了保证在峰值位置不偏移的情况下探测器光谱响应需满足的条件,特别给出了当仪器分光元件为光栅时,在该条件下结合仪器参数的表达式。为保证光谱仪器波长标定的准确度,在仪器设计阶段,可应用此条件选择适宜的探测器;在仪器应用阶段,亦可根据实际探测器参数,应用此条件选择适宜用于标定过程的谱线。     

六氟偏磷酸锂的热分解动力

采用在线耦合TGA-FTIR技术,分别研究了非等温和等温两种条件下六氟磷酸锂(LiPF₆)的热分解动力学和其气态产物. 结果表明LiPF₆分解反应为单步反应,其产物为固态LiF和气态PF₅. 在两种条件下,LiPF₆分解动力学均遵循基于柱坐标对称的二维相界面移动模型. LiPF₆分解活化能为104 kJ/mol(非等温)和92 kJ/mol(等温).     

A position-sensitive detector for electrons

A chevron electron multiplier array, followed by a resistive strip collector, has been combined with position-sensitive detector circuitry to provide a detector for particles or photons with position resolution of 0.3 mm in one dimension along a 2 cm strip; the instrument has been applied to a high resolution electron spectrometer. Position resolution appears to be limited only by the capillary spacing of the particular array being used.     

Allotropic conversion of carbon-related films by using energy beams

Energy beams, such as ion and laser beams, were employed to convert carbon allotropes into other ones at a specified position because these energy sources can be controlled precisely in time and space. The ion beam deposition technique employing mass-separated ions proved effective in studying the nucleation process by changing several growth parameters (ion species, incident energies, and substrate temperatures). Immersed nanosized diamonds were found in an sp ³-rich amorphous film prepared with 100-eV ¹²C⁺ ions at room temperature. Surrounding these nanodiamonds, regularly arrayed small bumps, “petals,” were formed around the periphery of bald circles upon cooling. Ar-ion laser illumination is effective in designing the array of high luminescent points on a C₆₀ film by careful control of the laser power, and the combination of a micro-Raman spectrometer with a piezoscanning system provides one with a tool for 2-dimensional processing of photosensitive materials. Simultaneous bombardment during C₆₀ evaporation results in an interesting pattern formation specific to the simultaneous treatment. The dependence of the surface nanoscale pattern on the ion energy and the substrate temperatures provides one with a new tool for designing nanoscale functional materials. As an extreme, the appearance of hexagonal diamonds was detected with disordered carbon and graphite under the condition of there being a high ratio between the Ne ion beam and the C₆₀ thermal beam.     

纳米VOx薄膜在空气中的电学特性退化研究

采用射频磁控溅射法在氮化硅衬底上沉积纳米VO_x薄膜,利用X射线衍射、原子力显微镜分别对薄膜的结晶形态及表面形貌进行表征.研究了纳米VO_x薄膜在空气中长时间暴露后的方块电阻、热滞回线等电学特性的变化情况,并分析这些变化给器件带来的影响.利用X射线光电子能谱仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪分析对比新制与久置薄膜的组分及分子结构差异.研究表明,暴露在空气中的纳米VO_x薄膜方块电阻增大是因为低价钒离子被吸附氧原子氧 关键词： x薄膜')" href="#">纳米VO_x薄膜 磁控溅射 电学特性 退化     

Portable x‐ray fluorescence spectrometer with a pyroelectric x‐ray generator

A portable x‐ray fluorescence spectrometer was assembled with an x‐ray generator that was driven by a 9 V dry electric battery. Several possible optimum geometries of the x‐ray generator and detector were evaluated, and the results showed that the intensity of fluorescent x‐rays was strong enough when the angle between the x‐ray generator and detector was as small as 30°. The geometrically optimized x‐ray spectrometer was applied to the analysis of paints, plastics and aluminum foils. Pigments in paint and toxic elements in plastic could be easily detected with on‐site analysis. Fe in aluminum foil was quantitatively determined down to the sub‐% level. The detection limit of Fe was 180 ppm for 100 s of measurement. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

光电探测器对光谱仪器精度的影响

通过优化光谱探测环节来提高光谱仪器的精度是改进或研制新型光谱仪的重要途径。为此,文章基于对光电成像系统中光学传递函数的研究,建立了光谱图像经探测器积分抽样后重建的数学模型,并在此基础上分析了光电探测器积分抽样特性参数对光谱线频谱的影响,讨论了光谱线半宽度与探测器积分区间宽度、灵敏度及抽样间隔的关系,提出了准确重建光谱线,提高光谱仪器波长精度和光度精度的探测器优化原则。     

New method for determining the thermal diffusion coefficient of thin films using ferroelectric crystals

A new method for determining the thermal diffusion coefficient of thin dielectric films deposited on a ferroelectric crystal detector is presented. The surface of the specimen was periodically heated by a rectangular modulated heat flow. The impact of the ratio of the film thickness to the detector thickness, as well as the film thermal diffusion coefficient on the shape of the system’s pyroelectric response is analyzed. Optimal conditions for the measurements are offered. Approbation of the method was carried out on an unannealed lead zirconate titanate (PZT) film deposited on a lithium tantalate crystal. The thermal diffusion coefficient of the specimen was α = 1.5 × 10⁻⁷ m²/s, which correlates with an independent estimation of this magnitude for polarized films.     

基于银膜孔阵列超强透射效应的相敏表面等离子体共振传感器的仿真研究(英文)

We present an ultra compact and high resolution free space optical spectrometer and demonstrate it by using FDTD simulations. The miniature interferometer-based spectrometer is a series of submicron phase objects on a polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) film with a CCD as the detector. The spectrum is obtained by solving a system of simultaneous linear equations. The Tikhonov regularization method is used to achieve a resolution at the picometer level. Compared with conventional spectrometers, the proposed device...     

An experimental investigation on heat transfer enhancement in circular jet impingement on hot surfaces by using Al2O3/water nano-fluids and aqueous high-alcohol surfactant solution

The present article reports the heat transfer characteristics of a vertical stainless steel foil of 0.15 mm thickness (SS304) by circular impinging jets of various fluids such as pure water, nano-fluids (Al₂O₃-water, ф = 0.15%, 0.6%), and aqueous high-alcohol surfactant (HAS, i.e., 2-ethyl-hexanol, 100–400 ppm) studied using an infrared thermal imaging camera (A655sc, FLIR System). The enhancement in the heat transfer rates for Al₂O₃-water nano-fluids with ф = 0.15%, ф = 0.60%, and aqueous surfactant solution (150ppm) is found to be 140%, 207%, and 117% higher compared to pure water results, respectively. The surface characteristics of the foil after jet impingement by various fluids are also studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and surface wettability.     

Resonant photoacoustic simultaneous detection of methane and ethylene by means. of a 1.63-μm diode laser

A compact multi-component trace-gas detector based on the resonant photoacoustic technique and a NIR external cavity diode laser has been developed. It has been characterized using a mixture of ethylene and methane diluted in ambient air. A spectroscopic investigation of combination bands and overtones between 5900 and 6250 cm^-1, obtained with an IR pulsed laser photoacoustic spectrometer, allowed us to find a wavelength region where the 2ν₃ overtone of CH₄ and the ν₅+ν₉ combination band of C₂H₄ show uncongested rotational lines. Using a single-mode scan of the diode laser in this region, around 6150 cm^-1, the sensitivity for the simultaneous detection of ethylene and methane is 8 ppm/mW and 40 ppm/mW respectively. Factors affecting the sensitivity and selectivity of the detection system and possible improvements suitable to reach the sub-ppm detection limit are discussed. Received: 1 August 2001 / Revised version: 28 November 2001 / Published online: 7 February 2002 An erratum to this article is available at .     

软X射线连续谱Z箍缩铝等离子体电子温度诊断

针对强光一号加速器（约1.5 MA,80～100 ns）Z箍缩铝丝阵实验设计和研制了一套弯晶谱仪,采用邻苯二甲酸氢铊（TlAP）晶体对辐射能谱进行色散,用X射线胶片记录连续辐射谱型,谱仪测谱范围为1.8～3.0 keV。以第10084发次平面型铝丝阵负载实验为例,获得了具有轴向分辨的时间积分辐射谱型,对其中某一热斑处的数据进行处理得到了该区域等离子体时间积分电子温度约为520(135%)eV。     

Obtaining spectrally selective images of objects in attenuated total reflection regime in real time in visible and terahertz ranges

An imaging attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectrometer for the terahertz range is created for the first time. The spectrometer uses a powerful free-electron laser. Images are recorded with a microbolom-eter detector array as a source of frequency tunable monochromatic radiation. Recording spectrally selective images of dynamic objects at a rate of 20 frames per second in the visible and terahertz ranges is demonstrated. In the terahertz range, images of the interdiffusion of liquids with strongly differing optical constants are obtained. Optimal configurations for the operation of the ATR spectrometer are found. Merits and demerits of the method are considered, as well as ways of improving the quality of image.     

A position-sensitive wire-strip thermal- and cold-neutron detector with a boron converter

A position-sensitive wire-strip detector for thermal and cold neutrons is developed. The neutron converter is a 5-μm layer of ¹⁰B. Secondary α-particles are captured in a 1-mm gap of 73%Ar + 25% CO₂ + 2% SF₆ gas mixture at atmospheric pressure. The gas gain is ensured by an array of 20-μm wires of gold-coated tungsten.     

Plasmonic enhancement of the vanadium dioxide phase transition induced by low-power laser irradiation

Nanocomposites consisting of gold nanoparticle (NP) arrays and vanadium dioxide (VO₂) thin films are noteworthy for the tunability of both their thermal and optical properties. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the Au can be tuned when its dielectric environment is modulated by the semiconducting-to-metal phase transition (SMT) of the VO₂; the LSPR itself can be altered by changing the shape of the NPs and the pitch of the NP array. In principle, then it should be possible to choose a combination of VO₂ film and Au LSPR properties that maximizes the overall optical response of the nanocomposite. To demonstrate this effect, transient transmission measurements were conducted on lithographically fabricated arrays of Au NPs of diameter 140?nm, array spacing 350 nm, and covered with a 60?nm thick films of VO₂ via pulsed laser deposition. Both Au::VO₂ nanocomposites and bare VO₂ film were irradiated with a shuttered 785?nm pump laser, and their optical response was probed at 1550?nm by a fixed-frequency diode laser. The Au::VO₂ nanocomposite exhibited an increased effective absorption coefficient 1.5 times that of the plain film and required 37?% less laser power to induce the SMT. The time-dependent temperature rise in the film as a function of laser intensity was calculated from these measurements and compared with both analytic and finite-element models. Our results suggest that Au::VO₂ nanocomposites may be useful in applications such as thermal-management coatings for energy efficient ??smart?? windows.     

基于二极管阵列PDA的紫外-可见差分吸收光谱(DOAS)系统的研究

介绍了一种自行研制的长程差分光学吸收光谱(DOAS)系统,该系统采用光电二极管阵列(PDA)作为光谱检测器,代替结构较为复杂的光电倍增管(PMT)加扫描圆盘的SD检测器,并对该系统检测器的偏置、暗电流、噪声、线性以及光谱仪的分辨率、光谱范围等性能进行了测试,同时对SO₂,NO₂等大气污染物进行了外场的测定,确定出相应光程下该系统测量SO₂,NO₂的最低检测限。