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考虑到分布在液体中的气泡是声波在含气泡液体中传播时引起非线性的一个很重要的因素,本文研究了声波在含气泡液体中的非线性传播.将气体含量的影响引入到声波在液体中传播的方程中,从而得到声波在气液混合物中传播的数学模型.通过对该模型进行数值模拟发现,气体含量、驱动声场声压幅值及驱动声场作用时间均会影响到气液混合物中的声场分布及声压幅值大小.液体中的气泡会"阻滞"液体中声场的传播并将能量"聚集"在声源附近.对于连续大功率的驱动声场来说,液体中的气泡会"阻滞"气液混合物中声场及其能量的传播. 相似文献
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在同种液体中,液体压强随深度增加而增大;在相等深度处,不同液体的压强随液体密度变大而增大.这两条液体压强变化规律因同液体压强公式一致,教材上选编的相关习题又很多,所以同学大多能熟记于心,运用自如.可是,同一液体中相同深度处的不同位置上,液体向各个方向的压强都相等这一条规律,虽然也同液体压强公式完全吻合,但关联不如上述两条规律那么密切,不少同学有所忽略,以致造成同学们不善于运用后一规律来解析压强综合题的弊病.为了叙述简便起见,现将运用同一液体中相同深度处的不同位置上,液体压强都相等的这一规律来解析压强综合题的方法,… 相似文献
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简要回顾了从20世纪30年代至今,有关非晶合金及合金液体的局域结构五次对称性的实验、理论和模拟研究.在简单液体的早期研究中,人们已经意识到五次对称性在简单液体的无序结构、过冷和晶化等起着重要作用,二十面体短程序作为五次对称性的典型代表受到了广泛关注.自从Frank提出简单液体中二十面体短程序的结构单元,大量的理论和实验研究已经明确在简单液体、合金液体和金属玻璃中存在局域五次对称性,并且建立了局域五次对称性与合金液体复杂动力学行为、玻璃转变、液体-液体相变以及非晶合金的形变等统一的定量描述和物理图像,表明了局域五次对称性作为结构参量的简单、普遍和有效性. 相似文献
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液体分子要在液体中作一定程度的偏移,需要克服一个高度为W的势垒,这个势垒就是该液体的活化能,活化能是表征液体本身固有性质的一个物理量,它对液体诸多特性参数都有决定性的作用,本文提出一个估算液体活化能的实验方法--黏滞法,其理论依据是液体的黏滞系数n正比于TekT/W[1],通过实验分别测出几个不同温度下液体的黏滞系数反过来即可估算其活化能. 相似文献
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对电热法液体汽化热实验进行了研究,设计了新的实验装置.将盛液体的容器置于保温杯中,保温杯放置在电子天平上,液体由电加热器加热,液体蒸气由出气口排出,排出的液体蒸气的质量可由电子天平实时测量.装置改进后,测量更简单方便,结果更准确. 相似文献
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对单摆法测液体黏度装置进行改进,利用图像传感器捕捉液体中摆球的运动轨迹,再采用图象分析软件Track提取其位置坐标,利用双平方权重法排除异常点,基于液体中小球运动学方程的动力学模型,对考虑了液体阻力的单摆运动方程进行求解,通过双平方权重的最小二乘法对动力学方程进行拟合,得到稳定的方程解,求出待测液体的黏度. 相似文献
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When gold vapour condenses onto a liquid substrate, the inherent structure of the liquid could influence the condensate growth and coverage. A thorough comparison between the liquid (silicone oil) and solid (amorphous carbon) substrates is reported by analysing the changes in their condensate growth. Low condensate coverage with large areas of empty regions is observed on the liquid surface in contrast to the solid carbon surface displaying uniformly distributed gold clusters at all times. This is deduced to be caused by the incoming gold atoms restricting the liquid molecules’ degrees of freedom upon binding. This effect could perturb the entire liquid structure, causing the liquid to collectively act against the adsorption of gold atoms. This could lead to differences in growth kinetics on the liquid substrate and can account for the observed dissimilarity in condensate coverage. The substrate structure effect discussed here serves as a step forward for utilizing liquid substrates for a variety of potential applications. 相似文献
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离子液体萃取二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法测定水中的Cr(Ⅵ) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水中微量Cr(Ⅵ)经二苯碳酰二肼显色后在[Bmim]PF6离子液体中富集,在波长542nm处分光光度法定量,富集倍数可达到50倍,提取率95%。离子液体可回收利用。 相似文献
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Direct cryopreservation of overwintering, dormant buds has been applied to nine blackcurrant cultivars, using a 7 day dehydration period at c.-20° C before plunging directly into liquid nitrogen. The buds on shoots thawed from -20° C showed normal development simply by standing them in water and all the cultivars could be successfully recovered (> 58%) by grafting. None of the shoots thawed from liquid nitrogen showed any development after standing in water and all of the grafts failed. Shoots thawed from liquid nitrogen showed significant damage to xylem transport, and the cortical tissues necessary fro successful grafting showed significant loss of membrane semipermeability. However, buds excised from shoots immediately after thawing from liquid nitrogen were viable and could be recovered using in vitro culture. Survival ranged from 88 to 55%, depending upon cultivar. 相似文献
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Ravnik M Skarabot M Zumer S Tkalec U Poberaj I Babic D Osterman N Musevic I 《Physical review letters》2007,99(24):247801
It has been predicted, but never confirmed, that colloidal particles in a nematic liquid crystal could be self-assembled by delocalized topological defects and entangled disclinations. We show experimentally and theoretically that colloidal dimers and 1D structures bound by entangled topological defect loops can indeed be created by locally thermally quenching a thin layer of the nematic liquid crystal around selected colloidal particles. The topological entanglement provides a strong stringlike binding, which is ten thousand times stronger compared to water-based colloids. This unique binding mechanism could be used to assemble resonator optical waveguides and robust chiral and achiral structures of topologically entangled colloids that we call colloidal wires. 相似文献