物理学咬文嚼字之十心有千千结,都付画图中

图像可以帮助表述难以言传之意,所以它一直是物理学以及其他众多学科之重要表现工具.英文物理学文献中常遇到的与图像有关的词汇包括chart,map(mapping),histogram,scratch, sketch,image,plot,inset, painting,drawing,illustration,depict, delineation,profile,graphics,figure, picture,diagram(schematic diagram), graph, photograph, micrograph, cartoon,portrait,以及最近也可以作为稿件部分的film,flash,video,等等.研究者要善于选择最有效的图形表现工具,并要明了这些不同方式间的细微差别.然而,对物理学渐进境界之理解却又要求研究者心中不能着相.此中微义,愿读者诸公参详.     

ICP-AES测定粉末冶金材料中钨、钼等八种元素

用硝酸、高氯酸和氢氟酸溶解样品,在0.025 mol·L-1 EDTA介质中,采用一种标准溶液,用ICP-AES光谱法测定样品溶液中Ni,Cu,V,Mn,W,Mo,Co,Cr的含量。研究了基体和共存元素对分析元素光谱的影响,选择合适的波长,测定了分析结果的精密度,方法的检出限和回收率,结果表明,分析方法有很低的检出限,样品分析结果的相对标准偏差小于1%,加入回收率在98.2%～101.6%,方法准确、可靠、简便、快速,满足生产要求。     

罗马大学附属物理博物馆简介

 意大利首都罗马共有三所国立大学、四所教会大学、二所私立大学。罗马大学(又称罗马第一大学)座落在罗马近郊。它由十个学院(法律,金融与贸易,统计学,文学哲学与考古学,师范,数学物理与自然科学,机械工程,建筑,医疗,药学)、二所附属学校(航空机械,图书档案)、一所国立高等数学研究所、八所附属博物馆(矿业,地质,地理,古典艺术,动物,医学史,古生物学,人类学)组成。     

A theorem for quantum operator correspondence to the solution of the Helmholtz equation

We propose a theorem for the quantum operator that corresponds to the solution of the Helmholtz equation, i.e., V(x1, x2, x3)|x1, x2, x3 x1, x2, x3| d3 x = V(X1, X2, X3) = e-λ2/4: V(X1, X2, X3) :,where V(x1, x2, x3) is the solution to the Helmholtz equation ?2V + λ2V = 0, the symbol : : denotes normal ordering, and X1, X2, X3 are three-dimensional coordinate operators. This helps to derive the normally ordered expansion of Dirac’s radius operator functions. We also discuss the normally ordered expansion of Bessel operator functions.     

Elemental Analysis of Tea Leaves (Camellia Sinensis) and Their Own Soils at Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey

People consume tea brewed from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant for about 50 centuries. Health benefits of the tea have been investigated for about three decades. Especially green tea shows antitoxic and lots of properties with its determined ingredients. Turkey is not only the one of the best consumer and but also good producer of the tea as being 5 th producer all over the world. It grows eastern region of the Turkey and high quality tea is imported and exported. To have quality tea, grooving soils are also crucial. In the current research, Tea leaves and their own grown soils were collected from 20 stations where the most tea producer cities as Trabzon, Rize and Artvin tea fields of the eastern of Black Sea Region in Turkey. The cultivated tea and their own grown soil samples were analysed by using EDXRF Spectrometry. In the soil samples, the elements Mg, Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, Pb on percent level and the elements Mg, Al, Si, P, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Sr in the tea leaves were detected by using SKRAY 3600-EDXRF.and also the obtained data were evaluated with the Kriging interpolation of geostatistical method. Element content were investigated in the soil and tea samples according to the geological situations and also the relation of elemental difference between the tea and the own grown soil. Pb/Zn ratio was also anaysed in the samples.     

科学思想的火花照亮人类智慧的星空

 当暴风雨即将来临的时候,满天阴霾,空气沉闷,正所谓"山雨欲来风满楼,黑云压城城欲摧"。突然,一声霹雳,一道强光划破长空,照得天空和大地无比灿烂。天上的云层,地上的山水,像水洗过一样,尽收眼底。这就是闪电,是云层与云层之间,云层与大地之间由火花放电产生的巨大的电火花。     

物理学咬文嚼字之三十七 溅

碰撞过程(impact,bombardment,collision)难免崩出来一些物质,于是就有了sputter,splash,spatter,spurt等物理上也算常见的词汇,它们同spew,spit,sputum,sprout等同源.     

《广西物理》投稿须知

1.来稿要求科学性准确,逻辑性强,文字简练,数据可靠,图表清晰,具有创新性或一定新意。每篇文章字数（包括图、表）以不超过6000字为宜。来稿（按顺序）必须包括：题目,作者姓名,作者单位（包括所在地和邮政编码）,中文摘要（不超过300字）,关键词（3～8个）,中图分类号,正文,参考文献。     

2009年全国高考理综（甲、乙卷）物理试题评析

1 总体评价 2009年全国高考(非课改区)理科综合物理试卷共两套,其中:甲卷供云南,贵州,黑龙江,吉林,甘肃,新疆,内蒙古,青海,西藏等省、自治区使用;乙卷供湖北,湖南,河北,河南,山西,陕西,江西,广西等省、自治区使用.     

喜迎王志符先生百龄寿诞

星辉南极,荣颐衍生,喜迎王志符先生百龄寿诞,曷胜欣慰.我蛰居沪渎,云山遥隔,未能趋春城造府叩贺,停云遐企,无任绻依.念往昔夙蒙惠爱,时挹清芳,篆结中怀,与时俱永.自念未酬高谊,为此,特修芜函,回忆20余年深受先生大教之历历往事,作一扫描式回顾,濡笔为文,遥申祝嘏之忱.我早年虽未受先生親炙,但在1959年秋因工作需要和本人酷爱数理学科,遂从同济大学新建立的水利工程系,     

High-power continuous wave green beam generation by use of simple linear cavity with side-pumped module

High-power continuous wave green radiation has been generated by means of type-II phase-matched frequency doubling in a KTP crystal located in a simple linear cavity incorporating a diode side-pumped Nd:YAG laser module. The cavity was designed to make the fundamental beam radius at the KTP crystal smaller than that at the gain medium, as is required for obtaining large mode volume in Nd:YAG crystal and realizing efficient CW intracavity frequency doubling. Output power of 51.2 W is obtained in the experiment with a diode-to-green optical conversion efficiency of 10.3%. The M²-parameters of the laser are measured at different output powers. For the output power of about 47 W, the power fluctuation is measured less than 1%. The experimental results show that the continuous wave green laser system using this simple linear cavity offers good laser performance and output stability.     

同步泵浦PML飞秒激光研究

采用CW锁模YAG倍频激光器同步泵浦PML飞秒染料激光器,产生了平均脉宽约55fs、功率为15mW的光脉冲。文章在理论和实验上还研究了同步泵浦飞秒激光脉冲产生技术。     

Internal Optical Parametric Oscillator with SBS Phase Conjugate Resonator

Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｔｈｅｏｐｔｉｃａｌｐａｒａｍｅｔｒｉｃｏｓｃｉｌｌａｔｏｒ（ＯＰＯ）ｃａｎｂｅｇｅｎｅｒａｔｅｔｈｅｔｕｎａｂｌｅｌａｓｅｒｏｕｔｐｕｔ,ｉｔｐｌａｙｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌｅｉｎｌａｓｅｒｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ［１～５］．ＩｔｉｓｗｅｌｌｋｎｏｗｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｏｆＯＰＯｄｅｐｅｎｄｓｏｎｔｈｅｑｕａｌｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｐｕｍｐｉｎｇｌａｓｅｒｂｅａｍ．ＴｈｅｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｅｄＢｒｉｌｌｏｕｉｎｓｃａｔｔｅｒｉｎｇ（ＳＢＳ）ｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｏ…     

532-nm picosecond pulse generated in a passively mode-locked Nd:YVO_4 laser

A diode-pumped continuous-wave （CW） mode-locked Nd：YVO4/KTP green laser with semiconductor saturable absorber mirror （SESAM） is demonstrated. The maximum output power of CW mode-locked green laser is obtained to be 552 mW at the incident pump power of 7.25 W, corresponding to an opticai-optical conversion efficiency of about 7.6%. The 532-nm CW mode-locked pulse duration is estimated to be about 8.4 ps with the repetition rate of 87 MHz.     

Internal Optical Parametric Oscillator with SBS Phase Conjugate Resonator

It is reported a novel optical parametric oscillator with KTP as medium crystal inside a Nd∶YAG phase conjugate resonator. In the phase conjugate resonator, the laser beam quality is promoted by phase-conjugate mirror, which is realized by stimulated Brillouin scattering effect, and Q-switch is generated simultaneously. With this device, the laser output at 1.57 μm with 15 mJ energy and 8 ns pulse width is obtained.     

Stable High Power and High Beam Quality Diode-Side-Pumped Continuous-Wave Intracavity Frequency-Doubled Nd:YAG Laser

We report a stable high power and high beam quality diode-side-pumped cw green laser from intracavity frequency-doubled Nd： YAG laser with KTP. By using a L-shaped concave-convex resonator, designed with two Nd：YAG rods birefringence compensation, a large fundamental mode size in the laser crystal and a tight focus in the nonlinear crystal could be obtained simultaneously. The green laser delivers a maximum 532nm output power of 23.2 W. Under 532nm output power of 20.9 W, the beam quality factor is measured to be 4.1, and the fluctuation of the output power is less than 1.4% in an hour.     

Diode-pumped passively mode-locked Nd:YAG laser with 10-W average power in a diffraction-limited beam

We present a passively mode-locked Nd:YAG laser with 10.7-W average output power in a diffraction-limited beam. Stable self-starting mode locking with a pulse duration of 16 ps and a pulse energy of 120 nJ is obtained with a semiconductor saturable-absorber mirror. The laser is directly side pumped with two 20-W diode bars. Single-pass frequency doubling in an external 5-mm-thick KTP crystal yields 3.2-W average power at 532 nm.     

Continuous-wave green laser of 34 W by intracavity frequency doubling in diode-side-pumped Nd:YAG/KTP

Continuous-wave green laser with a maximum power of 34 W has been obtained by intracavity frequency doubling with KTP in diode-side-pumped Nd：YAG. The Nd：YAG/KTP green laser has a simple three- mirror V-fold cavity structure. The optical-to-optical conversion efficiency is 9.5%. The instability of the laser is measured when the output powers are near 16, 21, 30, and 34 W after the beam is filtered. At the maximum output power, the M^2 factor is measured to be 8.     

200 MHz CW mode-locked KTP intracavity frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser

Experimental results of 200 MHz CW actively mode-locked KTP two-pass in-tracavity frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser are reported.The primary factors influencingthe continuous-wave frequency-doubled conversion efficiency are analyzed.High efficiencylaser output was achieved by L-type folded-arm-cavity two-pass frequency-doubling.15 Waverage mode-locked power and 1.5W average mode-locked SHG green light output were ob-tained at 3.5kW single lamp input power respectively.     

LD抽运的折叠腔Nd∶YVO4/KTP倍频红光激光器

对LD端面抽运的Nd∶YVO₄/KTP腔内倍频激光器的三镜折叠腔结构进行优化设计,研究了总腔长、输入镜曲率半径和Nd∶YVO₄和KTP晶体的热效应对激光谐振腔的稳定区域、Nd∶YVO₄晶体内基模光束半径的影响。实验结果表明:该方法所得出的结论与理论相吻合。在实验中比较了折叠腔不同折叠角度的红光输出功率,并获得了最佳折叠角度为25°,其有效倍频效率为10.8%。最后使用基频光的偏振特性与KTP的相位匹配之间的关系对实验结果进行理论解释。