由子模格决定的准素模

本文主要给出以下定理C。设Ri(i=1,2)是MLPI环（即Ri是有位单元的结合环，且每个极大左理想必是主理想），元素Pi∈Ri使得RiPi是Ri的极大左理想，Mi是Pi－准素的Ri－模。则我们有以下定理C 设M1的终Goldie维数（＝min{P^n1M1的Goldie维数|n=0,1,2,…|}）≤3，如果有子模格同构f:L(M1)^~-L(M2)。则有逆向全射系{R1/R1P1^n(n∈N)；θ}与{R2／R2P2^n2(n∈N)；θ′n}之间的同构{ψn:R1/R1P^n1→R2/P2^2(n∈N),其中θn和θ′n(n∈N)是自然满同态，ψn(n∈N)是环同构。若令R^*1,R^*2分别是以上两逆向全射系的逆向极限环。则有环同构ψ：R^*1^~-R^*2和M1到M2的ψ－线性同的φ，φ诱导出f:fR1x=R2φ（x），任意x∈M1。易见：（1）当P1＝0＝P2，且M1是有限维向量空间时，由定理C即得射影几何的基本定理；（2）当R1＝Z＝R2，且P1和P2为素数时，由定理C即得Pi＝P2，从百得Baer关于交换p－群的相应结果。     

关于G－Matlis自反模的几点注记

本文证明，如果Ｒ是一个Ｎｏｅｔｈｅｒ完备半局部环，则Ｒ－模Ｍ是Ｎｏｅｔｈｅｒ（Ａｒｔｉｎ）模当且仅当对任意ＡｒｔｉｎＲ－模Ｎ，Hom _R(M, N)是Ａｒｔｉｎ（Ｎｏｅｔｈｅｒ）模．     

关于拟平坦模的几个注记

本文所有的环均指有单位元的环,模均指酉模。左R-模M称为拟内射的,如果对任意N相似文献   

广义FP—内射模、广义平坦模与某些环

左（右）R－模A称为GFP－内射模，如果ExtR(M,A)=0对任－2－表现R－模M成立；左（右）R－模称为G－平坦的，如果Tor1^R(M,A)=0(Tor1^R(AM)=0)对于任一2－表现右（左）R－模M成立；环R称左（右）R－半遗传环，如果投射左（右）R－模的有限表现子模是投射的，环R称为左（右）G－正而环，如果自由左（右）R－模的有限表现子模为其直和项，研究了GFP－内射模和G－平坦模的一些性质，给出了它们的一些等价刻划，并利用它们刻划了凝聚环，G－半遗传环和G－正则环。     

关于$3\times 3$阶三角矩阵环上模的研究

文章对$3\times 3$阶三角矩阵环$$\Gamma = \left(\begin{array}{ccc}T & 0 & 0 \\M & U & 0\\{N \otimes _U M} & N & V \\\end{array}\right)$$上的模作了研究,其中T,U,V均是环, M,N分别是U-T, V-U双模.通过用一个五元组$(A,B,C;f,g)$来描述一个左$\Gamma$-模 (其中$A \in \mod T, B\in {\rm mod} U, C \in {\rm mod} V$, $f:M \otimes _T A \to B \in {\rm mod} U, g:N \otimes _U B \to C \in {\rm mod} V$), 文章分别刻画了$\Gamma$上的一致模、空的模、有限嵌入模,并且确定了${ }_\Gamma (A \oplus B \oplus C)$的根和基座．     

零积结合约化近环

本文引入零积可分配近环的概念,研究零结合零积可分配约化近环N中的Abian序≤,我们的主要结果是证明了,如果N具有恒等元1,则N的全体幂等元之集A对于Abian序≤成为一个格;在A中定义e∧f=ef,e∨f=e+f—fe,e＇=l—e,(A,∧,∨,’,0,l)作成一个布尔代数;而且虽然(N,·)是非结合的,(A,·)却成为一个半群.     

左模的张量积及其线性映射

引言 设K={O,1_k,a,b,c,…}为有单位元1_k的可换环,R={O,|σ∈∑}、S={O,1_s,S_r|τ∈Γ}分别为有单位元1_R、1_s的K环,当然1_k1_R=1_R=1_R1_k,1_k1_s=1_s=1_s1_k,下面在不至于混淆的情况下,1_k、1_R、1_s均用1表示。M={x_λ|λ∈∧}、M＇={u_i|i∈I}为左R酉模,N={y_u|μ∈Ω}、N＇={U_i|i∈J}为左S酉模。我们用H_R(M,M＇)表示R模M到R模M＇的所有R同态所形成的可换群。文[1]将R模M与S模N的张量积定义为一个左R S模,本文就在此基础上讨论M N作为R S模的一些性质及其线性映射。如果不特别声明,本文中所有的环都有单位元,所有的模都指左酉模。     

由环的幂零性所确定的根

结合环中的环的幂零性不是根性质。为此，本文将结合环中的幂零理想概念扩展为次拟幂零理想和拟幂零理想，定义次拟幂零根ＳＮ和拟幂零根ＱＮ，证明它们均为Ａｍｉｔｓｕｒ－Ｋｕｒｏｓｈ根，且二者相等，进一步，我们给出了ＱＮ－半单环的构造命题和ＱＮ－根的模刻划。     

G-集分次模的分次自同态环

设G是任意群,本文给出了G-集G／H-分次模的分次自同态环的刻画．特别地,对我们证得N（H）／H-分次自同态环END（G／H,R）－gr（M）等于分次环ENDR（M）N（H）／H.     

左消半群M与幂单半群B的Schǔzenberger积

本文讨论了每个元都有幂等元作为右单位元的左消半群与幂单半群N的Schuzenberger积M◇N的ρ类，证明了这种半群M与N的Schuzenberger积M◇N的ρ类是右E一半适合半群和弱E-headged半群．     

$f$-投射与$f$-内射模

Let R be a ring. A fight R-module M is called f-projective if Ext^1 （M, N） = 0 for any f-injective right R-module N. We prove that （F-proj,F-inj） is a complete cotorsion theory, where （F-proj （F-inj） denotes the class of all f-projective （f-injective） right R-modules. Semihereditary rings, von Neumann regular rings and coherent rings are characterized in terms of f-projective modules and f-injective modules.     

Complete flat modules

Let R be a commutative and noetherian ring. It is known tht if R is local with maximal ideal M and F is a flat R-module, then the Hausdorff completion F of F with the M-adic topology is flat. We show that if we assume that the Krull dimension of R is finite, then for any ideal I C R, the Hausdorff completion F* of a flat module F with the I-adic topology is flat. Furthermore, for a flat module F over such R, there is a largest ideal I such that F is Hausdorff and complete with the I-adic topology. For this I, the flat R/I-module F/IF will not be Hausdorff and complete with respect to the topology defined by any non-zero ideal of R/I. As a tool in proving the above, we will show that when R has finite Krull dimension, the I-adic Hausdorff completion of a minimal pure injective resolution of a flat module F is a minimal pure injective resolution of its completion F*. Then it will be shown that flat modules behave like finitely generated modules in the sense that on F* the I-adic and the completion topologies coincide, so F* is I-adically complete.     

S-内射模及S-内射包络

设R是环.设S是一个左R-模簇,E是左R-模.若对任何N∈S,有Ext_R~1(N,E)=0,则E称为S-内射模.本文证明了若S是Baer模簇,则关于S-内射模的Baer准则成立;若S是完备模簇,则每个模有S-内射包络;若对任何单模N,Ext_R~1(N,E)=0,则E称为极大性内射模;若R是交换环,且对任何挠模N,Ext_R~1(N,E)=0,则E称为正则性内射模.作为应用,证明了每个模有极大性内射包络.也证明了交换环R是SM环当且仅当T/R的正则性内射包e(T/R)是∑-正则性内射模,其中T=T(R)表示R的完全分式环,当且仅当每一GV-无挠的正则性内射模是∑-正则性内射模.     

REGULARITY OF HARMONIC MAPS INTO POSITIVELY CURVED MANIFOLDS

Let M be a compact Riemannian manifold of dimension m, N a complete Amply connected δ-pinched Riemannian manifold of dimension n. There exists a constant d(n). It is proved that if m≤d(n), then every minimizing map from M into N is smooth in the interior of M. If m=d(n)+1, such a map has at most diserete singular set and in general the Hausdorff dimension of the singular set is at most m-d(n)-1.     

Spectral theory, Hausdorff dimension and the topology of hyperbolic 3-manifolds

Let M be a compact 3-manifold whose interior admits a complete hyperbolic structure. We let Λ(M) be the supremum of λ₀(N) where N varies over all hyperbolic 3-manifolds homeomorphic to the interior of N. Similarly, we let D(M) be the infimum of the Hausdorff dimensions of limit sets of Kleinian groups whose quotients are homeomorphic to the interior of M. We observe that A(M) = D(M)(2 − D(M)) if M is not handlebody or a thickened torus. We characterize exactly when A(M) = 1 and D(M) = 1 in terms of the characteristic submanifold of the incompressible core of M.     

Random closed sets viewed as random recursions

It is known that the box dimension of any Martin-Löf random closed set of ${\{0,1\}^\mathbb{N}}$ is ${\log_2(\frac{4}{3})}$ . Barmpalias et al. [J Logic Comput 17(6):1041–1062, 2007] gave one method of producing such random closed sets and then computed the box dimension, and posed several questions regarding other methods of construction. We outline a method using random recursive constructions for computing the Hausdorff dimension of almost every random closed set of ${\{0,1\}^\mathbb{N}}$ , and propose a general method for random closed sets in other spaces. We further find both the appropriate dimensional Hausdorff measure and the exact Hausdorff dimension for such random closed sets.     

On complete partially ordered sets and compatible topologies

We describe two complete partially ordered sets which are the intersection of complete linear orderings but which have no compatible Hausdorff topology. One is two-dimensional, while the second is countable, and leads to an example of a countable, compact, T ₁ space with a countable base which is not the continuous image of any compact Hausdorff space.     

Completion of Semi-uniform Spaces

The category of all Hausdorff complete t-semi-uniform spaces is shown to be epireflective in the category of all Hausdorff t-semi-uniform spaces but the reflection arrows need not be embeddings since there is no nontrivial epireflective subcategory of the category of all Hausdorff t-semi-uniform spaces in which all reflection arrows are embeddings (t-semi-uniform spaces are those semi-uniform spaces inducing a topology). On the other hand for every t-semi-uniform space X there exist a minimal and a maximal completion containing X as a dense subspace. The second one is an almost reflection in complete spaces, i.e., every uniformly continuous mapping on X to a complete semi-uniform space can be extended (as a uniformly continuous map) onto the completion.      

Dimension and measure for semi-hyperbolic rational maps of degree 2

We prove that almost every non-hyperbolic rational map of degree 2 has at least one recurrent critical point. This estimate is optimal because the set of rational maps with all critical points non-recurrent is of full Hausdorff dimension. To cite this article: M. Aspenberg, J. Graczyk, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 347 (2009).