N^C^N型Pt(II)配合物与大环主体葫芦[10]脲的识别及发光性质研究

由于过渡金属配合物具有独特的光物理化学性质而被广泛研究. 其中Pt(Ⅱ)配合物发生组装时会因Pt(Ⅱ)-Pt(Ⅱ)之间的距离不同而显示不同的荧光特性, 而主客体相互作用可以影响发光小分子的排列及组装. 为进一步探究主客体相互作用对Pt(Ⅱ)配合物发光性能的影响, 设计合成了不同取代的N^C^N型Pt(Ⅱ)配合物, 研究了大环主体葫芦[10]脲(CB[10])对这类配合物的识别作用及包合物的光谱性质. 核磁共振氢谱和质谱证明CB[10]可与配合物以1∶2的比例结合. 紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱分析表明主客体作用对该类金属配合物光谱性质有较大影响, 所形成的主客体包合物的磷光寿命及量子产率都有不同程度的变化. 研究结果表明, CB[10]可通过包结两个Pt(Ⅱ)配合物分子, 拉近铂原子之间的距离, 增强该类配合物在水相中的Pt(II)…Pt(II)相互作用和π-π相互作用, 实现水相中的长寿命磷光发射. 同时, 主客体作用对这类金属配合物的力致变色性质也有一定的影响.     

铱-芴主链型共聚物的合成与光致发光性能

合成以2-(4-溴苯基)苯并咪唑为环金属配体、乙酰丙酮为辅助配体的铱配合物客体单元,并通过Suzuki缩聚方法将客体引入聚芴(PFO)主体中,合成了主链型共聚物。通过元素分析、红外光谱、1 H-NMR等分析手段对产物进行了结构表征,通过紫外吸收光谱、稳态和瞬态荧光光谱对铱配合物、共聚物的光物理性能进行了研究。结果表明:铱配合物最大发射峰位于505nm和535nm,为绿光发射;共聚物同时呈现蓝光主体PFO和绿光客体铱配合物的发射,且随铱配合物含量提高,绿光强度明显增强,显示了主客体能量的部分转移,通过调节共聚物中铱配合物单元的含量,使共聚物的发光颜色从蓝光向绿光转移;当铱配合物的物质的量分数为2%时,蓝色荧光强度大于绿色磷光,共聚物色坐标刚好处于蓝绿交界处,当铱配合物物质的量分数大于2%时,共聚物呈现绿色发光;与铱配合物的荧光量子效率(2.7%)相比,共聚物的荧光量子效率均有显著增加;共聚物热稳定性良好。     

无间隔层结构的高效率荧光/磷光混合型白光有机发光二极管

采用磷光红光/荧光蓝光/磷光绿光无间隔层三发光层结构,制备出了高效率荧光/磷光混合型白光有机发光二极管(OLEDs),其中选取具有高荧光量子产率(PLQY)的荧光染料4P-NPD(双[N-(1-萘基)-N-苯基-氨基]四联苯)作为蓝光发射分子,以及常用的高效磷光染料Ir(MDQ)₂(acac)和Ir(ppy)₃(acac)分别作为红光和绿光的客体,通过混合和掺杂的方法制备了相应的发光层,实现了发光层中激子的有效利用和白光发射。 制备的白光器件最大电流效率和功率效率分别达到了27.1 cd/A和30.3 lm/W,当电压为6 V时,CIE色坐标为(0.33,0.41),显色指数CRI为70,色温CCT为5432 K。 在此基础上,设计制备了高色温的荧光/磷光混合型白光OLEDs,其色温(CCT)达到了7106 K。     

荧光/磷光混合型白光有机发光二极管的研究

白光有机发光二极管（white organic light-emitting diodes,WOLEDs）在全色显示、固态照明以及背光源等领域有巨大的应用前景,其研究备受关注.其中,荧光/磷光混合型WOLEDs因兼具荧光材料的长寿命和磷光材料的高效率,被认为是目前最有希望实现照明应用的器件结构.荧光/磷光混合型WOLEDs最重要的问题是要解决荧光材料的单线态激子和磷光材料的三线态激子的协同发光.为了避免单线态激子和三线态激子的相互猝灭问题,必须设计有效的器件结构.本文以两种不同三线态能级的蓝光荧光材料为研究对象,介绍了不同高性能荧光/磷光混合型WOLEDs的结构设计与性能.研究表明,载流子传输平衡的高效结构设计和激子分布宽范围内的有效调控是实现高性能荧光/磷光混合型WOLEDs的关键.     

基于荧光与磷光复合的有机电致白光器件

白光有机电致发光器件(white organic light emitting diodes,WOLEDs)在显示和照明领域有着极大的应用前景,受到人们的广泛关注.基于荧光和磷光复合发光的WOLEDs结合了荧光器件与磷光器件的优点,提供了实现高效白光器件的新思路.本文按小分子和聚合物器件分类综述了近年来荧光磷光复合发光白光器件的研究进展,对器件结构、荧光磷光之间的能量传递与发光机理等方面进行了讨论,并对此类器件未来的研究方向进行了展望.     

基于二苯甲酮衍生物的端羟基聚乳酸的双重发光性能

制备出2种含有单羟基的二苯甲酮类化合物: 4-[(2-羟乙基)(甲基)氨苯基]苯甲酮(NBP)与(4-氯苯基)[4-(2-羟乙基)(甲基)氨基]苯甲酮(NBP-Cl), 以此为引发剂引发D,L-丙交酯聚合制备不同分子量的聚乳酸(PLA), 并对其进行结构表征和性能测试. 光学测试结果表明, 在室温条件下, NBP和NBP-Cl仅具有荧光发射性能, 而PLA表现出荧光和室温磷光双重发光性能; 重原子效应导致聚合物室温磷光增强, 但磷光寿命减少; 随着PLA分子量的减小, 聚合物磷光寿命先增加后减少. PLA的热重分析数据显示其具有优异的热学性能, 大大拓宽了该双重发光材料的应用范围.     

一种可用于检测苦味酸的水溶性共轭聚合物荧光传感器的制备及应用

制备了一种高灵敏的水溶性荧光共轭聚合物(PPE-OBS), 将其用于苦味酸的荧光检测. 利用质谱、 核磁共振波谱和红外光谱等方法对PPE-OBS进行了表征, 并对其检测苦味酸的条件进行了优化. 结果表明, 在硼酸-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液(pH=9.5)中作用20 min, 苦味酸对PPE-OBS荧光的猝灭效率最大. 在最优条件下, PPE-OBS检测苦味酸的线性范围为1.0~60 μmol/L(R²=0.999), 检出限为0.831 μmol/L(S/N=3). 将PPE-OBS制成荧光试纸用于检测环境样品中的苦味酸, 获得了较好的检测结果.     

一种具有长寿命三线态的锌卟啉-苝酰亚胺超分子的光物理过程

通过吡啶基与金属锌卟啉的配位作用, 合成了一种新型卟啉-苝酰亚胺超分子配合(TPPZn-BPHPDI), 通过核磁共振氢谱确认了超分子体系的形成. 采用荧光滴定方法测得锌卟啉与苝酰亚胺配位作用的平衡常数为5.32×10⁴ L/mol. 纳秒瞬态荧光光谱和瞬态吸收光谱显示, 超分子体系内存在着从卟啉三线态向苝酰亚胺三线态的能量传递过程, 产生了寿命长达101 μs的苝酰亚胺三线态分子.     

侧链含金属铱配合物的电磷光白光聚合物

设计了一系列新型芴-咔唑电磷光共轭聚合物.通过共价键将双(2-(9,9-二乙基-9H-芴-2-基)吡啶-N,C2’)合铱(III)(Ir Fpy)接枝到3,6-二溴咔唑的N-烷基侧链,采用Suzuki缩聚反应合成了铱配合物(Ir Fpy)含量分别为0.25 mol%,0.5 mol%和1 mol%的聚合物PF-Ir Fpy.当引入的配合物Ir Fpy含量为1 mol%时,得到的共轭聚合物发射色坐标为(0.44,0.56)的黄光.随着接枝的铱配合物Ir Fpy在共轭聚合物中含量降低,作为主体的聚(9,9-二辛基芴)蓝光发射不能被完全淬灭,得到共聚物同时发射主体蓝光及客体铱配合物黄光的单分子白光共轭聚合物.共聚物发光器件结构为ITO/PEDOT:PSS(50 nm)/polymer+PBD(30 wt%)(80nm)/Ba(4 nm)/Al(150 nm)[氧化铟锡/苯磺酸掺杂聚乙烯基二氧噻吩/聚合物+(2,4-二苯-5-4-叔丁基苯-1,3,4-噁二唑)(w=30%)/钡/铝],基于共聚物PF-Ir Fpy025的器件流明效率为3.97 cd/A,色坐标为(0.34,0.34),非常接近于标准白光发射的色坐标(0.33,0.33).为了研究采用共聚物PF-Ir Fpy025和PF-Ir Fpy05制备的白光器件的光谱稳定性,测试了外加电压在8~13 V范围内的EL光谱,当外加电压从8 V升高到13 V时,两个EL器件都表现出了良好的EL光谱稳定性.研究结果表明,在共轭聚合物侧链上引入螯合金属铱配合物单元是实现高效、稳定的白光电致磷光器件的有效方法之一.     

三苯胺为中心核的咔唑树枝状主体材料的合成与性能表征

以三苯胺为中心核,第二代的齐聚咔唑为树枝,设计合成了树枝状主体材料H2A。树枝状化合物H2A具有良好的成膜性和优异的热稳定性(Tg=351℃),其三线态能级为2.84 eV。采用H2A作为蓝光铱配合物双(4,6-二氟苯基吡啶-N,C2)吡啶甲酰合铱(FIrpic)的主体材料,制得的蓝光磷光器件的启亮电压为4.8V,最大功率效率为7.0 lm/W,两项指标均优于以4,4',4″-三(N-咔唑基)三苯胺(TCTA)为主体材料的相应器件(6.0 V,6.1 lm/W)。     

Simple Conjugated Polymers with On‐Chain Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes: Toward Ratiometric Chemodosimeters for Detecting Trace Amounts of Mercury(II)

For the development of excellent optical probes for mercury(II), a series of simple conjugated polymers that contain phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes as receptors for mercury(II) were designed and synthesized. These conjugated polymers showed energy transfer from the polymer host to iridium(III) complex guest in both solution and the solid state. Unexpectedly, they can work as excellent polymer chemodosimeters for mercury(II) by utilizing the mercury(II)‐induced decomposition of iridium(III) complex. They exhibit a pronounced optical signal change with switchable phosphorescence and fluorescence, even when the concentration of a solution of mercury(II) in THF was as low as 0.5 ppb. With the addition of mercury(II), the phosphorescent emission intensity of iridium(III) complexes was quenched completely. As the emission from polymer backbones increased, the emission wavelength was redshifted simultaneously, thereby realizing ratiometric detection. Excellent selectivity toward mercury(II) over other potentially interfering cations was also realized. In addition, an obvious emission color change of polymer solution from red to yellow‐green was observed, thus realizing a “naked‐eye” detection of mercury(II). More importantly, the solid films of these polymer chemodosimeters also exhibited high sensitivity and rapid response to mercury(II), thereby demonstrating the possibility of the fabrication of sensing devices with fast and convenient detection of mercury(II). The sensing mechanism was also investigated in detail. This is the first report on chemodosimeters based on conjugated polymers with phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes.     

Phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes using an iridium complex polymer as the solution‐processible host material

We prepared an iridium polymer complex having 2‐phenylpyridine as a η²‐cyclometallated ligand, a new OLED containing a solution‐processible iridium polymer as a host, and a phosphorescent iridium complex, [Ir(piq‐^tBu)₃] as a guest. This is the first example to apply a phosphorescent iridium complex polymer to a host material in a phosphorescent OLED. A phosphine copolymer ligand made from methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 4‐styryldiphenylphosphine can be used as an anchor polymer, which coordinates to luminescent iridium units to form a host metallopolymer easily. The OLED containing the host iridium‐complex polymer film, in which the guest, 2 wt % Ir(piq‐^tBu)₃, was doped, showed red electroluminescence as a result of efficient energy transfer from the iridium polymer host to the iridium guest. The maximum current efficiency of the device was 1.00, suggesting that a soluble iridium complex polymer can be used as a solution‐processible polymer host in EL devices. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4358–4365, 2009     

Isostructural metal-anion radical coordination polymers with tunable phosphorescent colors (deep blue, blue, yellow, and white) induced by terminal anions and metal cations

Five phosphorescent metal-anion radical coordination polymers based on a new anion radical ligand generated by in situ deprotonation of a stable zwitterionic radical are described. The N,O,N-tripodal anion radical ligand links metal cations, which leads to five isostructural coordination polymers, [M(3)(bipo(-.))(4)(L)(2)](n) (M=Cd or Mn, Hbipo(-.)=2,3'-biimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2'-one, L=Cl(-), HCOO(-) or SCN(-)). The isostructural coordination polymers exhibit novel one-dimensional spirocycle-like structures. Three isostructural Cd(II) coordination polymers display unusual phosphorescent color changes (blue, yellow, and white) induced by terminal anions. Significantly, the Cd(II) coordination polymer with terminal Cl(-) possesses moderate quantum yield, and shows a bright white-light phosphorescence emission, which is independent of excitation wavelength and can even be excited by visible light. Upon adjusting the metal cation to Mn(II), two isostructural Mn(II) coordination polymers reveal deep-blue-light phosphorescence emissions that are independent of terminal anions. As radical-based coordination polymers, some of them show antiferromagnetic interactions between radical species or radical and metal center.     

Synthesis and properties of electrophosphorescent chelating polymers with iridium complexes in the conjugated backbone

The synthesis of electrophosphorescent chelating polymers by Suzuki polycondensation of A-A- and B-B-type monomers is described, in which the fluorene-alt-carbazole (PFCz) segment is used as polymer backbone. By using alkyl-substituted ligands of iridium complex monomers, chelating copolymers with higher contents of iridium complex can be synthesized. Chemical and photophysical characterization confirm that the Ir complex is incorporated into the polymer backbone as one of the monomer repeat units by means of two 5-bromotolylpyridine ligands. Chelating polymers with Ir complexes in the conjugated polymer backbone show highly efficient energy transfer of excitons from the PFCz host segment to the Ir complex by an intramolecular trapping mechanism. The external quantum and luminous efficiencies of a device made with PFCzMppyIrhm4 copolymer reach 4.1 % ph/el (photons/electron) and 5.4 cd A(-1), respectively, at a current density of 32.2 mA cm(-2), an emission peak of 577 nm, and a luminance of 1730 cd cm(-2). Most important, the devices made from the chelating copolymers show no notable efficiency decay with increasing current density due to reduced concentration quenching and triplet-triplet (T-T) annihilation. This indicates that incorporation of the phosphorescent complex into the rigid conjugated polymer main chain is a new way to simultaneously realize high efficiency, long-term stability, and simple processing of phosphorescent polymer light-emitting diodes.     

PL and EL behavior of near‐red luminescent metallopolymer easily prepared from phosphine‐containing copolymer and chloro{bis(1‐phenylisoquinolinato‐N,C2′)}iridium(III), and its monomeric analog

We successfully developed phosphorescent cyclometallated iridium‐containing metallopolymers, which are near‐red luminescent iridium complexes bearing phosphine‐containing copolymers used as polymer ligands, and investigated their photoluminescence and electroluminescence behavior. The phosphine copolymer ligand made from methyl methacrylate and 4‐styryldiphenylphosphine can be used as an anchor, which coordinates luminescent iridium units to form the metallopolymer easily. Organic light‐emitting diodes were fabricated from the metallopolymer and its nonpolymer analog, [IrCl(piq)₂PPh₃]. These complexes exhibited quite similar luminescence behavior, except for emission from the free‐phosphine‐units in the polymer side chain and their energy‐transferring properties from host to guest materials. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4366–4378, 2009     

Synthesis and optical properties of white phosphorescent carbazole - iridium copolymers

A series of novel carbazole-iridium copolymers have been designed and synthesized by the combination of blue-emitting acrylate carbazole M1 with hole transporting property and yellow-emitting cyclometalated iridium complex M2 containing 2-phenylpyridine as main ligand and acrylic acid as auxiliary ligand. The results showed that the blue carbazole host resulted in an efficient energy transfer to the yellow iridium complex guest, and when the feed molar ratio of M1 to M2 was 99:1, the emission spectrum of the copolymer presented a broad peak emission which can cover the whole visible range from 400 to 700 nm to obtain a nearly white copolymer material with the CIE coordinates of (0.30, 0.31), as a consequence of polymerized units luminescence, host-guest energy transfer and conjugation degree. Nevertheless, the host-guest energy transfer resulted in green emission about 524 nm of copolymer as the proportion of iridium complex monomer increased. The fluorescence quantum yields of the copolymers were significantly improved compared to the iridium complex monomer.     

Triplet energy back transfer in conjugated polymers with pendant phosphorescent iridium complexes

The nature of Dexter triplet energy transfer between bonded systems of a red phosphorescent iridium complex 13 and a conjugated polymer, polyfluorene, has been investigated in electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. Red-emitting phosphorescent iridium complexes based on the [Ir(btp)(2)(acac)] fragment (where btp is 2-(2'-benzo[b]thienyl)pyridinato and acac is acetylacetonate) have been attached either directly (spacerless) or through a -(CH(2))(8)- chain (octamethylene-tethered) at the 9-position of a 9-octylfluorene host. The resulting dibromo-functionalized spacerless (8) or octamethylene-tethered (12) fluorene monomers were chain extended by Suzuki polycondensations using the bis(boronate)-terminated fluorene macromonomers 16 in the presence of end-capping chlorobenzene solvent to produce the statistical spacerless (17) and octamethylene-tethered (18) copolymers containing an even dispersion of the pendant phosphorescent fragments. The spacerless monomer 12 adopts a face-to-face conformation with a separation of only 3.6 A between the iridium complex and fluorenyl group, as shown by X-ray analysis of a single crystal, and this facilitates intramolecular triplet energy transfer in the spacerless copolymers 17. The photo- and electroluminescence efficiencies of the octamethylene-tethered copolymers 18 are double those of the spacerless copolymers 17, and this is consistent with suppression of the back transfer of triplets from the red phosphorescent iridium complex to the polyfluorene backbone in 18. The incorporation of a -(CH(2))(8)- chain between the polymer host and phosphorescent guest is thus an important design principle for achieving higher efficiencies in those electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes for which the triplet energy levels of the host and guest are similar.     

Synthesis,One‐ and Two‐Photon Photophysical and Excited‐State Properties,and Sensing Application of a New Phosphorescent Dinuclear Cationic Iridium(III) Complex

A new phosphorescent dinuclear cationic iridium(III) complex ( Ir1 ) with a donor–acceptor–π‐bridge–acceptor–donor (D? A? π? A? D)‐conjugated oligomer ( L1 ) as a N^N ligand and a triarylboron compound as a C^N ligand has been synthesized. The photophysical and excited‐state properties of Ir1 and L1 were investigated by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and molecular‐orbital calculations, and they were compared with those of the mononuclear iridium(III) complex [Ir(Bpq)₂(bpy)]⁺PF₆^? ( Ir0 ). Compared with Ir0 , complex Ir1 shows a more‐intense optical‐absorption capability, especially in the visible‐light region. For example, complex Ir1 shows an intense absorption band that is centered at λ=448 nm with a molar extinction coefficient (ε) of about 10⁴, which is rarely observed for iridium(III) complexes. Complex Ir1 displays highly efficient orange–red phosphorescent emission with an emission wavelength of 606 nm and a quantum efficiency of 0.13 at room temperature. We also investigated the two‐photon‐absorption properties of complexes Ir0 , Ir1 , and L1 . The free ligand ( L1 ) has a relatively small two‐photon absorption cross‐section (δ_max=195 GM), but, when complexed with iridium(III) to afford dinuclear complex Ir1 , it exhibits a higher two‐photon‐absorption cross‐section than ligand L1 in the near‐infrared region and an intense two‐photon‐excited phosphorescent emission. The maximum two‐photon‐absorption cross‐section of Ir1 is 481 GM, which is also significantly larger than that of Ir0 . In addition, because the strong B? F interaction between the dimesitylboryl groups and F^? ions interrupts the extended π‐conjugation, complex Ir1 can be used as an excellent one‐ and two‐photon‐excited “ON–OFF” phosphorescent probe for F^? ions.     

Highly efficient phosphorescent iridium (III) diazine complexes for OLEDs: Different photophysical property between iridium (III) pyrazine complex and iridium (III) pyrimidine complex

The synthesis and luminescence of four new iridium (III) diazine complexes (1-4) were investigated. HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the complexes were estimated according to the electrochemical performance and the UV-Vis absorption spectra, showing the pyrimidine complexes have a larger increase for the LUMO than the HOMO orbital in comparison with the pyrazine complexes. Several high-efficiency yellow and green OLEDs based on phosphorescent iridium (III) diazine complexes were obtained. The devices emitting yellow light based on 1 with turn-on voltage of 4.1 V exhibited an external quantum efficiency of 13.2% (power efficiency 20.3 lm/W), a maximum current efficiency of 37.3 cd/A. The electroluminescent performance for the green iridium pyrimidine complex of 3 is comparable to that of the iridium pyridine complex (PPY)₂Ir(acac) (PPY = 2-phenylpyridine), which is among the best reported.     

Highly selective phosphorescent chemosensor for fluoride based on an iridium(III) complex containing arylborane units

A new phosphorescent iridium(III) complex [Ir(Bpq)2(bpy)](+)PF6(-) based on cyclometalated ligands (Bpq) containing a dimesitylboryl group was synthesized and characterized by photophysical and electrochemical studies. The excited-state properties of Bpq and [Ir(Bpq)2(bpy)](+)PF6(-) were investigated using molecular orbital calculations. Importantly, both Bpq and [Ir(Bpq)2(bpy)](+)PF6(-) could be used as highly selective chemosensors for a fluoride anion (F(-)) detected by the naked eye, owing to the interaction of the dimesitylboryl group (BMes2) with F(-). For the Bpq ligand, a red shift of the emission spectrum was observed upon the addition of F(-), which could be attributed to an excited-state switch from a pi-pi* transition to a charge-transfer transition upon complexation with F(-). The addition of F(-) to a solution of [Ir(Bpq)2(bpy)](+)PF6(-) induced a change in the solution color from yellow to orange-red and phosphorescent quenching, indicating that [Ir(Bpq)2(bpy)](+)PF6(-) could act as an excellent ON-OFF-type phosphorescent chemosensor for F(-).