Bifurcation response and Melnikov chaos in the dynamic of a Bose–Einstein condensate loaded into a moving optical lattice

We investigate global bifurcation of a Bose–Einstein condensate with both repulsive two-body interaction between atoms and attractive three-body interaction loaded into a traveling optical lattice. Slow-flow equations of the traveling wave function are the first to derive and the reduced amplitude equation is obtained. The Melnikov method is applied on the reduced parametrically driven system and the Melnikov function is subsequently established. Effects of different physical parameters on the global bifurcation are studied analytically and numerically, and different chaotic regions of the parameter space are found. The results suggest that optical intensity may help to enhance chaos while the strength of the effective three-body interaction, the velocity of the optical lattice, and the damping coefficients annihilate or reduce chaotic behavior of the steady-state traveling wave solution of the particle number density of a Bose–Einstein condensate.     

非线性热弹耦合圆板中的混沌带现象

分析了大挠度圆板在受迫周期激励下的混沌现象，在考虑几何非线性的同时，也计及温度效应的作用，利用Ｍｅｌｎｉｋｏｖ方法确定动力系统解出现马蹄时参数应满足的条件，研究发现当激励，阻尼及强迫频率之间满足确定关系时，系统将进入混沌状态。     

Nonlinear dynamics, stability and control of the scan process in noncontacting atomic force microscopy

The nonlinear equations of motion for the scan process in noncontacting atomic force microscopy are consistently derived using the extended Hamilton’s principle. A modal dynamical system obtained from the continuum model reveals that scan control appears in the form of parametric excitation. The system is analyzed asymptotically and numerically to yield escape bounds limiting the noncontacting mode of operation. Approximate stability bounds are deduced from both a global Melnikov integral and a local Moon–Chirikov overlap criterion. The Melnikov–Holmes stability curve and the overlap criterion are found to be similar for small damping. However, for very small damping, typical of ultra-high vacuum conditions, where the Melnikov bound becomes trivial, the Moon–Chirikov criterion yields an improved stability threshold.     

Bifurcations and chaos in vibrating microcantilevers of tapping mode atomic force microscopy

We study the dynamics of a microcantilever in tapping mode atomic force microscopy when it is close to the sample surface and the van der Waals force has an important influence. Utilizing the averaging method, the extended version of the subharmonic Melnikov method and the homoclinic Melnikov method, we show that abundant bifurcation behavior and chaotic motions occur in vibrations of the microcantilever. In particular, in the subharmonic Melnikov analyses, a degenerate resonance is treated appropriately. Necessary computations for the subharmonic and homoclinic Melnikov methods are performed numerically. Numerical bifurcation analyses and numerical simulations are also given to demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Periodic and Homoclinic Motions in Forced,Coupled Oscillators

We study periodic and homoclinic motions in periodically forced, weakly coupled oscillators with a form of perturbations of two independent planar Hamiltonian systems. First, we extend the subharmonic Melnikov method, and give existence, stability and bifurcation theorems for periodic orbits. Second, we directly apply or modify a version of the homoclinic Melnikov method for orbits homoclinic to two types of periodic orbits. The first type of periodic orbit results from persistence of the unperturbed hyperbolic periodic orbit, and the second type is born out of resonances in the unperturbed invariant manifolds. So we see that some different types of homoclinic motions occur. The relationship between the subharmonic and homoclinic Melnikov theories is also discussed. We apply these theories to the weakly coupled Duffing oscillators.     

A group of chaotic motion of soft spring quadratic duffing equations

In this paper,we use the Melnikov function method to study a kind of soft Duffing equations(?) Af((?),x) x-x~(2k 1)=r[M(x,(?))cosωt N(x,(?))sinωt](k=1,2,3…)and give the condition that the equations have chaotic motion and bifurcation.The method used in this paper is effective for dealing with the Melnikov function integral of the system whose explict expression of the homoclinic or heteroclinic orbit cannot be given.     

Relaxation oscillations,subharmonic orbits and chaos in the dynamics of a linear lattice with a local essentially nonlinear attachment

We study the dynamic interactions between traveling waves propagating in a linear lattice and a lightweight, essentially nonlinear and damped local attachment. Correct to leading order, we reduce the dynamics to a strongly nonlinear damped oscillator forced by two harmonic terms. One of the excitation frequencies is characteristic of the traveling wave that impedes to the attachment, whereas the other accounts for local lattice dynamics. These two frequencies are energy-independent; a third energy-dependent frequency is present in the problem, characterizing the nonlinear oscillation of the attachment when forced by the traveling wave. We study this three-frequency strongly nonlinear problem through slow-fast partitions of the dynamics and resort to action-angle coordinates and Melnikov analysis. For damping below a critical threshold, we prove the existence of relaxation oscillations of the attachment; these oscillations are associated with enhanced targeted energy transfer from the traveling wave to the attachment. Moreover, in the limit of weak or no damping, we prove the existence of subharmonic oscillations of arbitrarily large periods, and of chaotic motions. The analytical results are supported by numerical simulations of the reduced order model.     

Reduced-Order Models for MEMS Applications

We review the development of reduced-order models for MEMS devices. Based on their implementation procedures, we classify these reduced-order models into two broad categories: node and domain methods. Node methods use lower-order approximations of the system matrices found by evaluating the system equations at each node in the discretization mesh. Domain-based methods rely on modal analysis and the Galerkin method to rewrite the system equations in terms of domain-wide modes (eigenfunctions). We summarize the major contributions in the field and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each implementation. We then present reduced-order models for microbeams and rectangular and circular microplates. Finally, we present reduced-order approaches to model squeeze-film and thermoelastic damping in MEMS and present analytical expressions for the damping coefficients. We validate these models by comparing their results with available theoretical and experimental results.     

Global Dynamics of a Rapidly Forced Cart and Pendulum

In this paper, we study emergent behaviors elicited by applying open-loop, high-frequency oscillatory forcing to nonlinear control systems. First, we study hovering motions, which are periodic orbits associated with stable fixed points of the averaged system which are not fixed points of the forced system. We use the method of successive approximations to establish the existence of hovering motions, as well as compute analytical approximations of their locations, for the cart and pendulum on an inclined plane. Moreover, when small-amplitude dissipation is added, we show that the hovering motions are asymptotically stable. We compare the results for all of the local analysis with results of simulating Poincaré maps. Second, we perform a complete global analysis on this cart and pendulum system. Toward this end, the same iteration scheme we use to establish the existence of the hovering periodic orbits also yields the existence of periodic orbits near saddle equilibria of the averaged system. These latter periodic orbits are shown to be saddle periodic orbits, and in turn they have stable and unstable manifolds that form homoclinic tangles. A quantitative global analysis of these tangles is carried out. Three distinguished limiting cases are analyzed. Melnikov theory is applied in one case, and an extension of a recent result about exponentially small splitting of separatrices is developed and applied in another case. Finally, the influence of small damping is studied. This global analysis is useful in the design of open-loop control laws.     

Excitation-Reshaping-Induced Chaotic Escape from a Potential Well

The chaotic escape of a nonlinearly damped oscillator excited by a periodic string of symmetric pulses from a cubic potential well is investigated. Analytical (Melnikov analysis) and numerical results show that chaotic escapes are typically induced over a wide range of parameters by hump-doubling of an external excitation which is initially formed by a periodic string of single-humped symmetric pulses. The role of a nonlinear damping term, proportional to the nth power of the velocity, on the hump-doubling scenario is also discussed.     

A Melnikov Method for Homoclinic Orbits with Many Pulses

We present an extension of the Melnikov method which can be used for ascertaining the existence of homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits with many pulses in a class of near‐integrable systems. The Melnikov function in this situation is the sum of the usual Melnikov functions evaluated with some appropriate phase delays. We show that a nonfolding condition which involves the logarithmic derivative of the Melnikov function must be satisfied in addition to the usual transversality conditions in order for homoclinic orbits with more than one pulse to exist. (Accepted December 2, 1996)     

近地球赤道面椭圆轨道上磁性刚体航天器的混沌姿态运动及其控制

研究在地球万有引力场和磁场中具有结构内阻尼的磁性刚体航天器在近赤道椭圆轨道上平面天平动的混沌行为及其控制。应用Melnikov方法建立了系统存在横截异宿点的条件。分别采用功率谱和Lyapunov指数等数值方法对系统动力学行为进行识别。应用逆系统控制和局部逆系统控制将混沌姿态运动控制为给定的平衡点。     

Global bifurcations and multi-pulse chaotic dynamics of rectangular thin plate with one-to-one internal resonance

Global bifurcations and multi-pulse chaotic dynamics for a simply supported rectangular thin plate are studied by the extended Melnikov method.The rectangular thin plate is subject to transversal and in-plane excitation.A two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear nonautonomous system governing equations of motion for the rectangular thin plate is derived by the von Karman type equation and the Galerkin approach.A one-toone internal resonance is considered.An averaged equation is obtained with a multi-scale method.After transforming the averaged equation into a standard form,the extended Melnikov method is used to show the existence of multi-pulse chaotic dynamics,which can be used to explain the mechanism of modal interactions of thin plates.A method for calculating the Melnikov function is given without an explicit analytical expression of homoclinic orbits.Furthermore,restrictions on the damping,excitation,and detuning parameters are obtained,under which the multi-pulse chaotic dynamics is expected.The results of numerical simulations are also given to indicate the existence of small amplitude multi-pulse chaotic responses for the rectangular thin plate.     

Heteroclinic motion and energy transfer in coupled oscillator with nonlinear magnetic coupling

In this paper, we consider two coupled oscillators exhibiting both transient chaos and energy transfer from mechanical to electrical oscillators. Melnikov method is applied to these oscillators with linear damping and strongly nonlinear coupling terms in order to study the possibility of existence of chaos and transversal heteroclinic orbits and their control in a dynamical system. The energy transfer is studied using a qualitative measure of the system which can be obtained by computing the energy dissipated in it. At last, the numerical simulation is carried out for this system.     

Determination of the thermal-conductivity coefficient and the viscosity coefficient of a gas on the basis of the model of absolutely elastic rotating spheres

We carry out calculations for the thermal-conductivity coefficient and also the coefficients of first viscosity and second viscosity for a new model of absolutely elastic spheres, which was introduced in [1]. This model together with the model of rough spheres is the simplest among the models taking into account the rotation of molecules, which allows us to comparatively easily obtain expressions for the phenomenological coefficients. The simplicity of the models is no obstacle to the application of these models to real gases. Thus the ratio of the specific heatsγ for these models is equal to 4/3. Examples of gases for which this ratio is closest to 4/3 are chlorine (γ=1.355), methane, and ammonia (γ= 1.310) [3]. Besides this, both of these models make it possible to obtain corrections for the rotation to the coefficient of second viscosity and of thermal conductivity. These corrections explain why the damping of sound waves in ammonia is approximately 5/3 of the damping that would occur in the presence of only ordinary viscosity and thermal conductivity [3].     

A method to calculate period doubling bifurcation

Based on physical meaning of Melnikov function, we establish a method to calculate period doubling bifurcation and discuss this kind of bifurcation of soft spring Duffing system and find that the result is analogous to subharmonic bifurcation, that is, period doubling bifurcation will appear if damping is small and amplitude of excitation is big. Thi coincides with facts of physics.     

Chaotic attitude motion of a magnetic rigid spacecraft and its control

This paper deals with chaotic attitude motion of a magnetic rigid spacecraft with internal damping in a circular orbit near the equatorial plane of the earth. The dynamical model of the problem is established. The Melnikov analysis is carried out to prove the existence of a complicated non-wandering Cantor set. The dynamical behaviors are numerically investigated by means of time history. Poincare map, power spectrum and Lyapunov exponents. Numerical simulations indicate that the onset of chaos is characterized by the intermittency as the increase of the torque of the magnetic forces and decrease of the damping. The input-output feedback linearization method is applied to control chaotic attitude motions to the given fixed point and periodic motion.     

Limit Cycles Near Homoclinic and Heteroclinic Loops

In the study of near-Hamiltonian systems, the first order Melnikov function plays an important role. It can be used to study Hopf, homoclinic and heteroclinic bifurcations, and the so-called weak Hilbert’s 16th problem as well. The form of expansion of the first order Melnikov function at the Hamiltonian value h ₀ such that the curve defined by the equation H(x, y) = h ₀ contains a homoclinic loop has been known together with the first three coefficients of the expansion. In this paper, our main purpose is to give an explicit formula to compute the first four coefficients appeared in the expansion of the first order Melnikov function at the Hamiltonian value h ₀ such that the curve defined by the equation H(x, y) = h ₀ contains a homoclinic or heteroclinic loop, where the formula for the fourth coefficient is new, and to give a way to find limit cycles near the loops by using these coefficients. As an application, we consider polynomial perturbations of degree 4 of quadratic Hamiltonian systems with a heteroclinic loop, and find 3 limit cycles near the loop. Dedicated to Professor Zhifen Zhang on the occasion of her 80th birthday     

一类非自治动力系统超次谐周期解的不存在性

在非线性动力系统的研究中， Melnikov函数被广泛地用来作为微扰哈密顿系统是否发生次谐或超次谐分岔乃至混沌的判 据. 但是在大多数情况下，经典的Melnikov方法往往只给出存在次谐周期解的结论. 产生 该结果的原因被归之为在经典的Melnikov方法中只采取了一阶近似，因而高阶Melnikov方 法被发展用来判断超次谐周期解的存在性. 本文对一类非自治微分动力系统进行了研究，证 明了在这样一类系统中如果存在周期解则只可能是次谐周期解，超次谐周期解不可能存在， 并进一步证明了在一类平面问题中所定义的旋转(R)型超次谐周期解同样不可能存在.作为 该结论的一个应用，文中考察了几个典型的算例，结果表明现有的二阶Melnikov方法判断 平面扰动系统是否存在超次谐周期解的结论是不恰当的，并提供了一个简单的几何上的解释.     

Existence of traveling wave solutions for a nonlinear dissipative-dispersive equation

In this paper, we consider a dissipative-dispersive nonlinear equation appliable to many physical phenomena. Using the geometric singular perturbation method based on the theory of dynamical systems, we investigate the existence of its traveling wave solutions with the dissipative terms having sufficiently small coefficients. The results show that the traveling waves exist on a two-dimensional slow manifold in a three-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations （ODEs）. Then, we use the Melnikov method to establish the existence of a homoclinic orbit in this manifold corresponding to a solitary wave solution of the equation. Furthermore, we present some numerical computations to show the approximations of such wave orbits.