富硒蛹虫草试样中硒的形态分析

本文采用连续浸提法研究了富硒蛹虫草中硒的赋存形态。结果表明,碱溶态>盐溶态>水溶态>醇溶态>残渣态。可见,碱浸取是获取植物蛋白的有效途径,在富硒蛹虫草试样中硒主要以硒蛋白的形式存在。     

体积排阻色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱分析富硒大米含硒蛋白组成

建立体积排阻色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(SEC-HPLC-ICP-MS)联用技术分析富硒大米含硒蛋白组成方法。通过水提、盐提、碱提和醇提方法提取,并用丙酮沉淀蛋白,硒的回收率分别为9.6%,16.8%,48.2%和14.9%,纯化后的蛋白结合硒的量由大到小依次为碱溶谷蛋白>球蛋白>醇溶蛋白>清蛋白。蛋白液经SEC-HPLC-ICP-MS检测,通过蛋白色谱峰(λ=280 nm)和ICP-MS硒峰(78Se)对比分析,利用分子量标准曲线测定出4类蛋白中含硒蛋白的分子量。结果表明,富硒大米中清蛋白和醇溶蛋白并不是硒的主要存在蛋白。硒主要存在于>7 kDa的碱溶谷蛋白和球蛋白,其中碱溶含硒蛋白主要组分F1分子量为199.8 kDa。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱分析几种富硒产品的硒总量及其形态

本文采用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)分析了几种富硒产品中硒的总量及其形态。结果表明,四种富硒产品的硒总量均有不同程度增加,富硒大米和富硒茶叶中的硒总量较高,分别为1.300μg/g和0.459μg/g,富硒大米和富硒大葱的富硒倍率相对较高,分别为未富硒产品的24.1和17.8倍。以0.1mol/LHCl辅助超声预处理样品进行富硒螺旋藻和富硒大葱中硒的形态分析,发现富硒大葱中的硒主要为有机态的甲基硒代半胱氨酸(MeSeCys)以及部分硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet),而富硒螺旋藻中的硒大部分为无机硒。说明经根部吸收等富集方式可有效将无机硒转化为有机硒,而某些方式未能完全转化。     

反相离子对高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定富硒酵母中硒

富硒酵母样品用pH 7.5的Tris-盐酸缓冲溶液经超声破碎提取30min,于提取液中加链霉蛋白酶E在37℃搅拌18h,高速离心分离。取上清液经Millipore Corp超滤膜过滤,滤液中无机硒(Ⅵ及Ⅳ)和有机硒,即硒代半胱氨酸、硒代尿素和硒代蛋氨酸通过Waters Symmetry ShieldRP18色谱柱分离。用不同比例混合的甲醇-七氟丁酸溶液作流动相进行梯度洗脱,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法在线测定洗脱液中各种形态硒的含量。5种形态硒的质量浓度均在100μg·L-1以内呈线性。应用此法分析了富硒酵母样品,结果表明:无机硒占总硒量的1.63%,65%的硒以易被人体吸收的硒代蛋氨酸形式存在。     

四川兴文地区硒的地球化学特征及生物效应

四川兴文土地质量调查显示:兴文县表层土壤中硒质量分数为0.075~2.540 mg/kg,平均值为0.43 mg/kg,富硒土地面积占调查面积53.25%,合计734.75 km^2。全区大米硒质量分数平均值为0.064 mg/kg,硒含量处于较为富足水平。水稻中的硒元素含量与根系土中硒元素呈明显正相关关系。根系土中水溶态硒和离子交换态硒含量高时,土壤容易产出富硒作物。     

液相色谱-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定富硒酵母中硒的形态

建立了富硒酵母中硒酸Se(Ⅵ)、亚硒酸Se(Ⅵ)、硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet)和硒甲基硒代半胱氨酸(SeMeCys)4种硒形态的高效液相色谱-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱(HPLC-HG-AFS)分析方法。样品采用蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶酶解提取,20 mmol/L(NH4)2HPO4为流动相,经PRP-X100阴离子交换色谱柱分离后HG-AFS测定。结果显示,4种硒形态标准曲线的线性关系良好(R2≥0.9995),方法检出限为0.5~5.0μg/kg,平均回收率为82.5%~101.2%,日内相对标准偏差≤8.6%,日间相对标准偏差≤14.5%。本方法前处理简单、灵敏度高、设备便宜、运行费用低廉,适用于富硒饲料产品中硒的形态分析。     

HPLC-ICP-MS联用技术在富硒金针菇硒的形态分析中的应用

从富硒培养的金针菇中分离得到含硒化合物, 并采用SE-HPLC-ICP-MS联机技术对浸提液中的含硒化合物进行分离分析; 同时对样品中的硒蛋白在特定条件下水解, 采用RP-HPLC-ICP-MS联机技术对水解液中硒代氨基酸进行确认, 并测定其中硒的含量. 结果表明, 可溶态硒是富硒金针菇中硒的主要存在形式, 其中小分子含硒有机化合物中的含硒量占浸提液中硒的71.87%; 而含硒蛋白所占比例为4.88%; 进一步确定富硒金针菇中含有硒代胱氨酸、硒代蛋氨酸和由二者组成的含硒多肽等, 各形态硒的含量为总硒量的12.3%, 17.6%和36.8%. 本方法将具有高效分离能力的色谱技术与高灵敏度的元素检测技术成功结合, 用于含硒生物分子中硒的在线分析, 具有快速、灵敏及准确等特点.     

高效液相色谱-原子荧光光谱联用技术测定富硒鸡蛋中的硒形态

为监测市场上富硒鸡蛋中蛋清及蛋黄中硒形态的种类及分布规律,优化建立了一种高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱联用技术测定富硒鸡蛋蛋清及蛋黄粉中硒形态的方法。随机选取富硒鸡蛋样品,进行蛋清蛋黄分离、冷冻干燥及蛋黄脱脂处理,处理后样品经Tris-HCl缓冲液（5 mmol/L, pH=7.5）55 oC恒温振荡、酶解提取,高速离心机（10000 r/min）离心10 min,上清液过0.22 μm有机滤膜后采用高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱联用技术进行测定,外标法定量。结果表明,该方法能在11 分钟内实现5种硒形态的基线分离,且各种硒形态的线性相关系数(r)均大于0.9994,其检出限在0.5-3.0 μg/L之间,回收率在81.6%~110.4%之间,可以满足检测需求,按照该实验方法测定市场上富硒鸡蛋中的硒形态,方法灵敏度高、准确性好,且测得的富硒鸡蛋蛋清样品中硒形态主要成分为硒代蛋氨酸,而蛋黄样品主要成分为硒代半胱氨酸,还有少量的硒代蛋氨酸,同时,一些鸡蛋还含有极少量的亚硒酸根,但蛋清及蛋黄中硒代氨基酸的含量总和占总硒含量的83.3-98.4%,适用于富硒鸡蛋中的硒形态提取。由此可见,市场上富硒鸡蛋中的硒主要以硒代氨基酸的形式存在,比较适合日常补硒,且该方法可以对市场上富硒食品起到一定监测作用。     

超声辅助酶法提取-原子荧光光谱法测定富硒黑木耳中硒形态

建立了富硒黑木耳中硒代胱氨酸、硒代半胱氨酸、亚硒酸、硒蛋氨酸、硒酸5种硒形态的液相色谱-原子荧光光谱分析方法。通过链酶蛋白酶E酶解,结合超声提取后,选取Hamilton PRP-X100离子交换色谱柱(250 mm×4.1 mm,10μm),40 mmol/L的磷酸氢二铵为流动相,在16 min内,5种硒形态完全达到基线分离。5种硒形态在线性范围内相关系数R为0.9990~0.9999;加标回收率为76.1%~108%;检出限分别为硒代胱氨酸0.35μg/L、甲基-硒代半胱氨酸0.46μg/L、亚硒酸0.26μg/L、硒代蛋氨酸0.64μg/L、硒酸3.06μg/L;方法应用于富硒黑木耳中硒形态的分析,精密度高、重现性好、方法稳定、准确可靠,是测定富硒黑木耳中硒形态含量的有效方法。     

硒-甲基硒代半胱氨酸的合成与拆分研究

天然硒-甲基硒代半胱氨酸为L型含硒氨基酸,是第21种人体必须氨基酸———硒代半胱氨酸的甲基化衍生物。1960年首次由Trelease S·F·等从美国黄芪中分离得到[1],它还广泛存在于大蒜、洋葱和椰菜等植物以及富硒酵母中。硒-甲基硒代半胱氨酸具有补硒、防治癌症、抗氧化、抗衰老、     

Determination of elemental selenium and pyrite-selenium in sediments

A method is described for the selective determination of concentrations of elemental selenium and pyrite-selenium in sediments. A 1 M sodium sulfite solution is used to solubilize elemental selenium and a Cr(II) solution releases selenium in pyrite. The accuracy of the methods was evaluated by using various selenium compounds. The detection limits for the elemental and pyrite-selenium procedures are 0.001 and 0.025 μg Se per gram of sediment, respectively. The relative standard deviationis < 10% for elemental selenium and < 16% for pyrite-selenium. These and other procedures were used for selenium speciation in marine and freshwater sediments.     

Albumin-mediated selenium transfer by a selenotrisulfide relay mechanism

In this study, we demonstrated a human serum albumin (HSA)-mediated selenium transfer; the selenium exported from red blood cells (RBCs) was bound to HSA through the selenotrisulfide and then transferred into the hepatocyte. After the treatment of the RBCs with selenite, the selenium efflux from the RBCs occurred in an HSA concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment of HSA with iodoacetamide almost completely inhibited the selenium efflux from the RBC to the HSA solution. The selenium efflux experiment was carried out in an HSA solution (45 mg/mL), and subsequently the HSA solution was subjected to gel permeation chromatographic separation. The peak fraction of the selenium content was consistent with that of the HSA. The selenium bound to HSA in this solution was completely eliminated by a treatment with penicillamine (Pen), which resulted in the generation of penicillamine selenotrisulfide, PenSSeSPen. The selenium efflux from the RBCs was also occurred in a Pen solution, and PenSSeSPen was observed in the resulting Pen solution. The selenium exported from the RBC was thought to bind to the HSA via a selenotrisulfide linkage with its single free thiol. A model of the selenium-bound HSA was prepared by the reaction of the HSA with PenSSeSPen. The selenium from PenSSeSPen can bind to HSA by a thiol exchange between Pen and the free thiol of HSA, which produces the selenotrisulfide-containing HSA (HSA-SSeSPen). When HSA-SSeSPen was incubated with isolated rat hepatocytes, the selenium content in the hepatocytes increased along with its decrease in the incubation medium. To verify the results from the model experiments using HSA-SSeSPen, we conducted the HSA-mediated selenium transfer experiment from RBC treated with selenite to the hepatocytes. The selenotrisulfide-containing HSA was able to transport the selenium into the hepatocyte. Overall, the selenium transfer from the RBC to the hepatocytes involves a relay mechanism of thiol exchange that occurs between the selenotrisulfide and thiol compounds (selenotrisulfide relay mechanism: R-SSeS-R + HSA-SH --> HSA-SSeS-R + R'-SH --> R-SSeS-R').     

Comparative characterization of two techniques for selenium(IV) preconcentration on a film mercury electrode with the use of an automated solution replacement system without circuit disconnection

Two versions of selenium(IV) preconcentration and determination on a mercury film electrode (MFE) by cathode stripping voltammetry with an automated solution replacement system without circuit disconnection are compared. In one version, selenium(IV) is preconcentrated together with copper(II); in the other, selenium is preconcentrated on a copper-modified MFE. Under optimum conditions (against the 0.1 M HCl background at selenium electrolysis potentials from ?350 to ?400 mV and electrolysis times of 180–300 s), calibration curves for both selenium preconcentration versions are linear over the concentration ranges from 2.5 to 20 μg/L and from 50 to 250 mg/L. The selenium peak heights are well reproduced in both cases (in the range of the concentrations studied, S _r lie in the range from 0.02 to 0.05). Sequential copper and selenium preconcentration is more convenient: there is no need to add copper to each analyzed solution, and it is possible to optimize selenium preconcentration parameters (solution composition, electrolysis potential, and electrolysis time) regardless of the copper preconcentration parameters.     

Selective photometric determination of selenium in aqueous media

A procedure is developed for the photometric determination of selenium in aqueous media using 2-(p-nitrophenyl)-3,5-diphenyltetrazolium chloride. To selectively determine selenium, a two-stage scheme of sample preparation is chosen. It includes the gas extraction of selenium liberated as hydrogen selenide, its extraction from the gas phase to a solution of lead nitrate by liquid absorption and repeated extraction of hydrogen selenide, followed by its absorption with an aqueous reagent solution to form water-insoluble formazan. The formazan is extracted with chloroform. The concentration of selenium is determined from the absorbance of the chloroform extract of formazan. The procedure involves no special preconcentration operations and allows from 10 to 100 μg/L selenium to be determined.     

液/液界面生长法制备一维纳米硒

采用均相反应界面生长法制备了一维结构的纳米硒。在制备过程中,初始硒纳米粒子首先在均相反应液中生成,然后加入与该反应液不互溶的溶剂,使其形成液液界面,硒纳米粒子聚集在界面上生长为一维结构。用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线粉末衍射等测试技术对样品进行了表征,并讨论了界面生长的机理及其影响因素。     

Simple method for determination of selenium in biological materials by flameless atomic-absorption spectrometry using a carbon-tube atomizer

A method for determination of selenium in biological materials by flameless atomic-absorption spectrometry using a carbon-tube atomizer is described. The sample is burned by an oxygen-flask combustion procedure, the resulting solution is treated with a cation-exchange resin to eliminate interfering cations, the selenium is extracted with dithizone in carbon tetrachloride and the resulting selenium dithizonate is combined with nickel nitrate in the carbon tube to enhance the sensitivity for selenium and avoid volatilization losses. The method measures selenium concentrations as low as 0.01 mug/g with a relative standard deviation of 8%.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定特硬铅合金中硒和碲

建立了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定特硬铅合金中硒和碲的分析方法。试样经硝酸和酒石酸溶解,硫酸沉淀分离基体铅元素。移取部分试液,在40%盐酸介质中直接用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定样品中的硒;另移取部分试液,加入氢溴酸挥发除去砷、锑、锡、硒等元素,在40%盐酸介质中用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定样品中的碲。考察了测定的最佳条件、铅及共存元素对测定的影响。测定硒和碲的相对标准偏差分别为7.5%～9.3%和3.6%～13.0%,加标回收率分别为88%～92%和98%～102%。准确度和精密度均能满足分析需要,具有较强的实用性。     

微波消解–原子荧光光谱法测定植物样品中的砷和硒

建立微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定植物样品中砷和硒的含量。微波消解后残留的有机颗粒和硝酸等会对测定结果造成影响,因此需要将硝酸除尽。在驱除硝酸过程中加入高氯酸,加热至溶液冒白烟,避免硒挥发损失。该方法砷、硒的检出限分别为6.8,4.0 ng/g(稀释因子40),测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为3.65%,3.52%(n=12),加标回收率分别为94.5%~104.6%,92.2%~98.9%。经过国家一级标准物质验证,该方法准确可靠。     

降解裙带菜多糖对纳米硒的形成与稳定作用

在常温下的降解裙带菜多糖(Degraded Undaria Pinnatifida Charv. Suringer polysaccharide, DUP)水溶液中, 由适当过量的抗坏血酸(Vc)与二氧化硒(SeO2)反应制备纳米单质硒(Se0). 通过共振瑞利散射、激光散射和透射电镜(TEM)研究了DUP对Se0粒径的调控和在液相中的稳定作用. 结果表明, DUP通过控制还原速度和表面修饰而把Se0粒子调节在较窄的粒径分布范围内当Se0浓度为0.0507—3.245 mmol/L时, DUP表面修饰的球状纳米硒的平均粒径稳定地保持在24—65 nm范围内, 4 ℃时可在水溶液中稳定保存1个月.