The total reducibility order of a polynomial in two variables

LetK be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. ForA ∈K[x, y] let σ(A) = {λ ∈K:A − λ is reducible}. For λ ∈ σ(A) letA − λ = ∏ _i=1 ^n(λ) A _iλ ^k _μ whereA _iλ are distinct primes. Let ϱ_λ(A) =n(λ) − 1 and let ρ(A) = Σ_λɛσ(A)ϱ_λ(A). The main result is the following: Theorem.If A ∈ K[x, y] is not a composite polynomial, then ρ(A) < degA.     

Intermittency and regularized Fredholm determinants

We consider real-analytic maps of the interval I=[0,1] which are expanding everywhere except for a neutral fixed point at 0. We show that on a certain function space the associated Perron-Frobenius operator ℳ has a continuous and residual spectrum contained in the line-segment σ _c =[0,1] and a point spectrum σ _p which has no points of accumulation outside 0 and 1. Furthermore, points in σ _p −{0,1} are eigenvalues of finite multiplicity. We construct a regularized Fredholm determinant d(λ) which has a holomorphic extension to λ∈ℂ−σ _c and can be analytically continued from each side of σ _c to an open neighborhood of σ _c −{0,1} (on different Riemann sheets). In ℂ−σ _c the zero-set of d(λ) is in one-to-one correspondence with the point spectrum of ℳ. Through the conformal transformation the function d∘λ(z) extends to a holomorphic function in a domain which contains the unit disc. Oblatum 10-X-1996 & 31-I-1998 / Published online: 14 October 1998     

A generalization of peripherally-multiplicative surjections between standard operator algebras

Let A and B be standard operator algebras on Banach spaces X and Y, respectively. The peripheral spectrum σ_π (T) of T is defined by σ_π (T) = z ∈ σ(T): |z| = max_w∈σ(T) |w|. If surjective (not necessarily linear nor continuous) maps φ, ϕ: A → B satisfy σ_π (φ(S)ϕ(T)) = σ_π (ST) for all S; T ∈ A, then φ and ϕ are either of the form φ(T) = A ₁ TA ₂ ⁻¹ and ϕ(T) = A ₂ TA ₁ ⁻¹ for some bijective bounded linear operators A ₁; A ₂ of X onto Y, or of the form φ(T) = B ₁ T*B ₂ ⁻¹ and ϕ(T) = B ₂ T*B ⁻¹ for some bijective bounded linear operators B ₁;B ₂ of X* onto Y.      

The Ξ operator and its relation to Krein's spectral shift function

We explore connections between Krein's spectral shift function ζ(λ,H ₀, H) associated with the pair of self-adjoint operators (H ₀, H),H=H ₀+V, in a Hilbert spaceH and the recently introduced concept of a spectral shift operator Ξ(J+K ^*(H ₀−λ−i0)⁻¹ K) associated with the operator-valued Herglotz functionJ+K ^*(H ₀−z)⁻¹ K, Im(z)>0 inH, whereV=KJK ^* andJ=sgn(V). Our principal results include a new representation for ζ(λ,H ₀,H) in terms of an averaged index for the Fredholm pair of self-adjoint spectral projections (E J+A(λ)+tB(λ)(−∞, 0)),E _J((−∞, 0))), ℝ, whereA(λ)=Re(K ^*(H ₀−λ−i0⁻¹ K),B(λ)=Im(K ^*(H ₀−λ-i0)⁻¹ K) a.e. Moreover, introducing the new concept of a trindex for a pair of operators (A, P) inH, whereA is bounded andP is an orthogonal projection, we prove that ζ(λ,H ₀, H) coincides with the trindex associated with the pair (Ξ(J+K ^*(H ₀−λ−i0)K), Ξ(J)). In addition, we discuss a variant of the Birman-Krein formula relating the trindex of a pair of Ξ operators and the Fredholm determinant of the abstract scattering matrix. We also provide a generalization of the classical Birman—Schwinger principle, replacing the traditional eigenvalue counting functions by appropriate spectral shift functions.     

On the Isolated Points of the Spectrum of Paranormal Operators

For paranormal operator T on a separable complex Hilbert space we show that (1) Weyl’s theorem holds for T, i.e., σ(T) \ w(T) = π₀₀(T) and (2) every Riesz idempotent E with respect to a non-zero isolated point λ of σ(T) is self-adjoint (i.e., it is an orthogonal projection) and satisfies that ranE = ker(T − λ) = ker(T − λ)^*.     

A functional characterization of certain mixed volumes

A function over the convex coneK{inn}, of convex bodiesK in Euclideann-space (where addition is vector addition, positive scalar multiplication is dilatation), which is linear overK{inn}, increasing with respect to set inclusion, and zero at point bodies must be a mixed volumeV(K; đ, p−1;σ ₁, …,σ _n−p). Heređ, takenp−1 times, is inK{inn} andσ ₁, …,σ _n−pare pairwise orthogonal unit segments spanning the orthogonal complement of the affine hull ofđ.     

Dominated estimates of convex combinations of commuting isometries

The principal result of this paper is that the convex combination of two positive, invertible, commuting isometries ofL _p(X,F, μ) 1<p<+∞, one of which is periodic, admits a dominated estimate with constantp/p−1. In establishing this, the following analogue of Linderholm’s theorem is obtained: Let σ and ε be two commuting non-singular point transformations of a Lebesgue Space with τ periodic. Then given ε>O, there exists a periodic non-singular point transformation σ′ such that σ′ commutes with τ and μ(x:σ′x≠σx}<ε. Byan approximation argument, the principal result is applied to the convex combination of two isometries ofL _p (0, 1) induced by point transformations of the form τx=x ^k,k>0 to show that such convex combinations admit a dominated estimate with constantp/p−1. Research supported in part by NSF Grant No. GP-7475. A portion of the contents of this paper is based on the author’s doctoral dissertation written under the direction of Professor R. V. Chacon of the University of Minnesota.     

On pointwise and analytic similarity of matrices

LetA(ε) andB(ε) be complex valued matrices analytic in ε at the origin.A(ε)≈ _p B(ε) ifA(ε) is similar toB(ε) for any |ε|<r,A(ε)≈_a B(ε) ifB(ε)=T(ε)A(ε)T ⁻¹(ε) andT(ε) is analytic and |T(ε)|≠0 for |ε|<r! In this paper we find a necessary and sufficient conditions onA(ε) andB(ε) such thatA(ε)≈ _a B(ε) provided thatA(ε)≈ _p B(ε). This problem arises in study of certain ordinary differential equations singular with respect to a parameter ε in the origin and was first stated by Wasow. Sponsored by the United States Army under Contract No. DAAG29-75-C-0024     

An identity for normal-like operators

Forλεσ(A) (A a bounded linear operator on a Hilbert space) withλ a boundary point of the numerical range, the ‘spectral theory’ forλ is ‘just as ifA were normal’. IfA isnormal-like (the smallest disk containingσ(A) has radiusr=inf _z ‖A − z‖), then also sup {‖Ax‖² − |〈x.Ax〉|²:‖x‖=1}=r ². This research was partially supported by Air Force Contract AF-AFOSR-62-414.     

Spectra of composition operators on the bloch and bergman spaces

Whenϕ is an analytic map of the unit diskU into itself, andX is a Banach space of analytic functions onU, define the composition operatorC _ϕ byC _ϕ (f)=f o ϕ, forf∈X. In this paper we show how to use the Calderón theory of complex interpolation to obtain information on the spectrum ofC _ϕ (under suitable hypotheses onϕ) acting on the Bloch spaceB and BMOA, the space of analytic functions in BMO. To do this we first obtain some results on the essential spectral radius and spectrum ofC _ϕ on the Bergman spacesA ^pand Hardy spacesH ^p,spaces which are connected toB and BMOA by the interpolation relationships [A ¹,B] _t =A ^pand [H ¹,BMOA] _t =H ^pfor 1=p(1−t).     

K-Theory of pseudodifferential operators with semi-periodic symbols

Let 𝔄 denote the C^*-algebra of bounded operators on L ² ℝ generated by: (i) all multiplications a(M) by functions a∈C[ − ∞, + ∞], (ii) all multiplications by 2π-periodic continuous functions, and (iii) all operator of the form F ⁻¹ b(M)F, where F denotes the Fourier transform and b∈C[ − ∞, + ∞]. A given A ∈ 𝔄 is a Fredholm operator if and only if σ(A) and γ(A) are invertible, where σ denotes the continuous extension of the usual principal symbol, while γ denotes an operator-valued “boundary principal symbol” (the “boundary” here consists of two copies of the circle, one at each end of the real line). We give two proofs of the fact that K ₀(𝔄) is isomorphic to ℤ and that K ₁(𝔄) is isomorphic to ℤ ⊕ ℤ . We do it first by computing the connecting mappings in the six-term exact sequence associated to σ. For the second proof, we show that the image of γ is isomorphic to the direct sum of two copies of the crossed product , where α denotes the translation-by-one automorphism. Its K-theory can be computed using the Pimsner–Voiculescu exact sequence, and that information suffices for the analysis of the standard cyclic exact sequence associated to γ. Received: February 2006     

Approximation of holomorphic functions by Taylor-Abel-Poisson means

We investigate the problem of approximation of functions ƒ holomorphic in the unit disk by means A _{ρ, r} (f) as ρ → 1−. In terms of the error of approximation by these means, a constructive characteristic of classes of holomorphic functions H _p ^r Lipα is given. The problem of the saturation of A _{ρ, r} (f) in the Hardy space H _p is solved. __________ Translated from Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal, Vol. 59, No. 9, pp. 1253–1260, September, 2007.     

Generalizations of spectrally multiplicative surjections between uniform algebras

Let $ A $ A and ℬ be unital semisimple commutative Banach algebras. It is shown that if surjections S,T: $ A $ A → ℬ with S(1)=T(1)= 1 and α ∈ ℂ \ {0} satisfy r(S(a)T(b) − α)= r(ab− α) for all a,b ∈ $ A $ A , then S=T and S is a real algebra isomorphism, where r(a) is the spectral radius of a. Let I be a nonempty set, A and B be uniform algebras. Let ρ, τ: I → A and S,T: I → B be maps satisfying σ _π (S(p)T(q)) ⊂ σ _π (ρ(p) τ(q)) for all p,q ∈ I, where σ _π (f) is the peripheral spectrum of f. Suppose that the ranges ρ(I), τ(I) ⊂ A and S(I),T(I) ⊂ B are closed under multiplication in a sense, and contain peaking functions “enough”. There exists a homeomorphism ϕ: Ch(B)→Ch(A) such that S(p)(y)= ρ(p)(ϕ(y)) and T(p)(y)= τ(p)(ϕ(y)) for every p ∈ I and y ∈ Ch(B), where Ch(A) is the Choquet boundary of A.     

Proprietà spettrali per una classe di operatori ellittici

Summary In this paper we study, in the framework of Sobolev weight spaces, differential operators of elliptic type, with singular coefficients, perturbed by a potential. Conditions for compactness of embedding W _s,σ ^r,p (Ω)↪W _s,0 ^0,p (Ω)=L _s ^p (Ω) for density ofD(Ω) on W _s,σ ^r,p (Ω) and discretness conditions for the spectrum of A_σ in the Banach spaces L _s ^p (Ω), have been established.

---

---

Entrata in Redazione il 20 dicembre 1977.

---

Lavoro eseguito, nell'ambito del Gruppo Nazionale per l'Analisi Funzionale e le sue Applicazioni del C.N.R.     

Riesz means for the sublaplacian on the Heisenberg group

The uniform boundedness of the Riesz means for the sublaplacian on the Heisenberg groupH ⁿ is considered. It is proved thatS _R ^α are uniformly bounded onL ^p(Hⁿ) for 1≤p≤2 provided α>α(p)=(2n+1)[(1/p)−(1/2)].     

Virtual Eigenvalues of the High Order Schrödinger Operator I

We consider the Schr?dinger operator H_γ = ( − Δ)^l + γ V(x)· acting in the space $$L_2 (\mathbb{R}^d ),$$ where 2l ≥ d, V (x) ≥ 0, V (x) is continuous and is not identically zero, and $$\lim _{|{\mathbf{x}}| \to \infty } V({\mathbf{x}}) = 0.$$ We obtain an asymptotic expansion as $$\gamma \uparrow 0$$of the bottom negative eigenvalue of H_γ, which is born at the moment γ = 0 from the lower bound λ = 0 of the spectrum σ(H₀) of the unperturbed operator H₀ = ( − Δ)^l (a virtual eigenvalue). To this end we develop a supplement to the Birman-Schwinger theory on the process of the birth of eigenvalues in the gap of the spectrum of the unperturbed operator H₀. Furthermore, we extract a finite-rank portion Φ(λ) from the Birman- Schwinger operator $$X_V (\lambda ) = V^{\frac{1} {2}} R_\lambda (H_0 )V^{\frac{1}{2}} ,$$ which yields the leading terms for the desired asymptotic expansion.     

Maximality of analytic operator algebras

LetM be a σ-finite von Neumann algebra andα be an action ofR onM. LetH ^∞(α) be the associated analytic subalgebra; i.e.H ^∞(α)={X ∈M: sp_∞(X) [0, ∞]}. We prove that every σ-weakly closed subalgebra ofM that containsH ^∞(α) isH ^∞(γ) for some actionγ ofR onM. Also we show that (assumingZ(M)∩M ^α = Ci)H ^∞(α) is a maximal σ-weakly closed subalgebra ofM if and only if eitherH ^∞(α)={A ∈M: (I−F)xF=0} for some projectionF ∈M, or sp(α)=Γ(α).     

Complexified real arrangements of hyperplanes

LetV be a finite dimensional vector space over the real or complex numbers. Areal (orcomplex)arrangement A inV is a finite collection of real (or complex) affine hyperplanes. A real arrangement inV can becomplexified to form a complex arrangement in the complex vector spaceA. The (complex)complement of a real arrangementA is defined byM(A)=V⊗ℂ−⋃ _H∈ ^A H⊗ℂ. There are two different finite simplicial complexes which carry the homotopy type ofM(A), one given by M. Salvetti, the other by P. Orlik. In this paper we describe both complexes and exhibit a simplicial homotopy equivalence between them.     

Theorems for generalized Favard-Kantorovich and Favard-Durrmeyer operators in exponential function spaces

We consider the Kantorovich and the Durrmeyer type modifications of the generalized Favard operators and we prove some direct approximation theorems for functions f such that w _σ f ∈ L _p (R), where 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞ and w _σ (x) = exp(−σx ²), σ > 0.