TiO2花状纳米结构的制备及光催化性能

用Ti片和H2O2在较低的温度下通过控制反应时间制备了不同形貌的纳米TiO2.在80℃下反应10 min得到了和Ti片黏附较好的多孔纳米结构,延长反应时间先后得到了类花状和类棒状纳米结构．在80℃下反应4 h得到的纳米结构样品为非晶态,而反应10 h制备出以锐钛矿相为主的结晶态纳米结构．通过300℃退火得到的几乎是纯锐钛矿相的纳米TiO2．用紫外光照射降解RhB溶液的方法研究了纳米TiO2的光催化性能．结果表明7 cm2的退火后的类花状纳米TiO2降解染料分子的光催化效率是仅用紫外光降解的29．8倍．     

负载有MTiO_3(M=Sr或Ba)的TiO_2纳米棒复合材料的制备和表征

以Sr(OH)2或Ba(OH)2和TiO2纳米带为前驱物,通过水热反应直接制得了立方相MTiO3(M=Ba或Sr)纳米粒子负载的TiO2纳米复合材料。采用XRD,SEM,TEM,HRTEM和UV-Vis等测试手段对产物的组成、物相、形貌、结构和光学性质进行了详细表征。结果表明,Sr(OH)2或Ba(OH)2的加入量或反应时间皆对MTiO3纳米粒子负载量有较大影响,在一定程度上,氢氧化物加入量增多以及反应时间延长,纳米粒子负载量就会增大;无论是纯TiO2纳米带还是复合纳米棒,其吸收和发射光谱基本相同。对罗丹明B可见光催化降解实验结果证实,这些纳米复合材料皆有较高的光催化活性,远高于P-25的光降解活性。     

Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@TiO_2复合纳米结构的尺寸与磁性调控

采用共沉淀法和溶剂热法制备了不同尺寸的Fe_3O_4纳米粒子,通过Stber法和溶胶-凝胶法在Fe_3O_4磁核上包覆SiO_2和Ti O2壳层获得不同尺寸的Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@Ti O2复合纳米结构.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等对其结构、形貌和磁性进行了研究.结果表明,大尺寸复合纳米粒子包覆均匀,分散性好,饱和磁化强度较大,有利于TiO_2光催化剂的磁回收与再利用.     

镉掺杂氧化锌纳米花的制备及其光催化活性

以氯化锌、氯化镉、氢氧化钠为原料,采用水热法合成Cd掺杂纳米花状ZnO光催化剂,并通过该样品对罗丹明B水溶液的降解来研究其光催化活性。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能量色散谱(EDS)、光致发光谱(PL)及紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)等测试手段对材料物性进行表征。实验结果表明:当掺杂Cd2+时,样品形貌发生变化、粒径减小;掺杂Cd2+后的ZnO的吸收边和紫外峰对比于纯ZnO均发生红移,禁带宽度由3.24 eV减小到3.16 eV。通过光催化实验分析可知,掺杂后纳米ZnO光催化剂对罗丹明B水溶液的降解率有所提高,光照3 h其降解率高达98%,说明与纯ZnO相比,Cd掺杂ZnO纳米花具有更高的光催化活性。     

无模版剂水热法合成α-FeOOH及其光催化性能

以硝酸铁为原料,通过改变部分原料（NaOH,CH3COONa,H2O2）在无模版剂条件下水热法成功合成出纯相的短棒状、长棒状、颗粒状等形貌的α-FeOOH纳米晶体,并考察了其可见光光催化活性.结果表明：所获的α-FeOOH纳米晶体可用作Fenton催化剂,短棒状α-FeOOH在添加少量的NaF和H2O2条件下,光催化性能显著提高,罗丹明B降解率可由6.8％增加到93.6％.     

可见光响应的BiVO_4/TiO_2纳米复合光催化剂

通过水热法制备了两种新型纳米复合材料Bi VO4/Ti O2,并对其晶体结构、形貌尺寸及光催化活性进行了测试。X射线粉末衍射测试结果表明,这两种复合材料均是由单斜相Bi VO4和锐钛矿型Ti O2构成;扫描电镜和透射电镜测试结果表明,两种样品均为Bi VO4纳米颗粒负载于Ti O2纳米线上;通过测试紫外-可见吸收光谱可观察到Bi VO4/Ti O2的吸收边相对于纯Ti O2明显发生了红移;在相同实验条件下,对亚甲基蓝的可见光催化降解实验结果表明,由含Bi3+钛酸盐纳米线制备的Bi VO4/Ti O2的光催化活性远高于纯Bi VO4和Ti O2半导体材料。     

基于MOF模板法合成多孔中空α-Fe_2O_3纳米棒及其光催化性能研究

多孔金属氧化物纳米材料由于具有较大的比表面积和优异的物理化学性能,近年来已得到广泛的关注。而MOFs材料可以作为自牺牲模板,通过煅烧后可以合成多孔金属氧化物。本文通过简单的溶剂热法,合成出了棒状的的MIL-88A材料,而后在空气中煅烧,得到了多孔中空α-Fe2O3纳米棒。对得到的材料用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面积和孔径分布分析仪(BET)对材料的晶体结构、形貌及其比表面积和孔径进行了表征。从实验结果可见,煅烧后的产物为纯相的α-Fe2O3,且基本保持了原有的棒状结构,此外该材料还具有较高的比表面积(27.48m2·g-1)。进一步研究α-Fe2O3纳米棒对罗丹明B的降解实验,从实验数据可以得出其具有较好的可见光降解性能。     

水热合成钛酸盐纳米管及其光催化性能研究

本文采用水热法制备了钛酸盐纳米管,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见光谱(UV-VIS)对样品进行了分析。以罗丹明B溶液为目标降解物,考察了样品的光催化性能。结果表明纳米管管径在8～20纳米之间,管长从几百纳米到几微米,具有不同于锐钛矿的钛酸盐结构。在紫外光照射下,钛酸盐纳米管的光催化性能明显高于TiO2纳米粒子,光照100分钟后降解率达到87%。     

Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2复合纳米结构的尺寸与磁性调控

采用共沉淀法和溶剂热法制备了不同尺寸的Fe3O4纳米粒子,通过Stöber法和溶胶-凝胶法在Fe3O4磁核上包覆SiO2和TiO2壳层获得不同尺寸的Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2复合纳米结构．采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等对其结构、形貌和磁性进行了研究．结果表明,大尺寸复合纳米粒子包覆均匀,分散性好,饱和磁化强度较大,有利于TiO2光催化剂的磁回收与再利用．     

三维花状氧化锌纳米材料的合成及其光催化性能

采用水热法,以硝酸锌[Zn(NO3)2.6H2O]和氨水(NH3.H2O)为原料制备了三维花状氧化锌纳米材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等测试方法研究了样品的成分、形貌和结构。研究结果显示:样品为六方纤锌矿结构的花状ZnO纳米材料。为了评估氧化锌纳米材料的光催化性能,进行了氧化锌纳米材料对有机染料甲基橙的光催化降解实验。实验结果表明,氧化锌纳米结构对甲基橙的光催化降解具有较好的催化作用,催化活性与氧化锌纳米结构的特殊形貌有关系。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.