图解中心原子轨道的杂化方式

借助图形方法,分析了不同常见几何构型分子中心原子轨道杂化方式的原因——与端基原子轨道的有效重叠,利用中心原子价层轨道的能量接近度的判断,决定最终可能的杂化方式。     

卤代硅烷分子的杂化轨道及结构与性质的关系研究

本文利用最大重迭方法,在分别考虑卤素配体的杂化及中央原子Si的d轨道杂化的基础上,计算了卤代硅烷系列分子实验构型下的杂化轨道,研究了卤代硅烷分子的NMR自旋偶合常数,IR伸缩频率和基团电负性与轨道成份的关系,较明确地反映了这类分子的化学键性质对分子谱学性质的影响。     

M(o)bius环并苯的分子对称性

一般来说,点群理论认为M(o)bius带环分子最高的对称性只能是C2.本文讨论了由18个苯环组成的环并苯的异构体分子,包括柱面的Hückel型分子(HC-[18])和扭转180°的M(o)bius带环分子(MC-[18]).结果表明除了点对称性外,M(o)bius带环分子还存在一种可称为环面螺旋旋转(TSR)变换的对称性,为此还引用了环面正交曲线坐标系.此外,还讨论了这些分子关于TSR对称性匹配的原子集和原子轨道(AO)集.根据TSR对称性的循环群特征,可以建立此类群的不可约表示及有关特征标.这类分子的分子轨道(MO)关于TSR群的不可约表示是纯的,然而所含的相应的原子轨道对称性匹配的线性组合(SALC-AO)成分可以是多种的.     

磁性双核Ni(Ⅱ)配合物的BS-DFT理论研究

基于对称性破损态方法结合密度泛函理论,运用不同方法和基组,对典型的μ1,1-N3铁磁性双核Ni(Ⅱ)配合物[L1 Ni_2(N_3)](NO_3)2(1)和μ1,3-N3反铁磁性双核Ni(Ⅱ)配合物[L_2Ni_2(N_3)](ClO_4)_2(2)的磁性进行了研究.结果表明,杂化密度泛函方法能够准确描述2个配合物的磁特性,计算结果与实验值吻合很好.配合物1中单占据分子轨道(SOMOs)能量劈裂较小,表现为近简并,有利于铁磁耦合相互作用;配合物2中SOMOs能量劈裂较大,导致反铁磁性相互作用.配合物1中存在2条磁通道,其中pyrazolate配体的N原子间存在p轨道重叠,有利于反铁磁相互作用,叠氮基和金属Ni中心之间为正交磁轨道,有利于铁磁相互作用,2个磁通道作用的总结果使得体系宏观上显示为弱铁磁性;配合物2中,2条磁通道的配体pyrazolate和叠氮基中的N原子之间都存在p轨道重叠,导致反铁磁耦合.     

量化方法研究分子结BEMP和TEMP的电子输运特性

通过结合杂化密度泛函和前线轨道理论与弹性散射格林函数方法研究了BE- MP(benzene-1,4-di-ethynyl-4-mercaptophenyl)和TEMP(thiophene-2,5-di-ethynyl-4- mercaptophenyl)两分子结的输运性质。基于杂化密度泛函方法计算两扩展分子电子结构的基础上,计算了两分子的输运性质．计算结果显示:电流增加来源于电极和分子轨道的共振;电导曲线呈现出平台特征．在此基础上从扩展分子A(Au-BEMP-Au)中间的苯环的旋转而引起电流减小的角度解释了负微分电阻现象．     

用同步辐射光研究CO在Cs/Ru(100)表面的吸附

(CO+Cs)/Ru(1010)共吸附的体系中,CO分子由于受CS原子强烈影响,分子轨道发生重新杂化组合.CO分子原来在清洁Ru(1010)表面上结合能位于7.5eV处相重叠的5σ和1π轨道对应谱峰分裂为两峰,结合能分别位于6.3和7.8eV处.其中6.3eV处的谱峰来自CO分子1π轨道的一支,它显示出该分子轨道沿衬底<0001>晶向的镜面反对称性.CO分子1π轨道的另一支和5σ轨道在结合能7.8eV处相重叠.     

扩展卟啉Ni(Ⅱ),Pd(Ⅱ)和Pt(Ⅱ)单金属配合物光电性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函方法(DFT),对六元扩展卟啉的Ni(Ⅱ),Pd(Ⅱ)和Pt(Ⅱ)单金属配合物进行了几何构型的优化.在优化的基础上,对6种配合物进行了电荷分解分析(CDA)、扩展电荷分解分析(ECDA)以及前线分子轨道的成分分析.基于几何优化的结果,在含时密度泛函(TD-DFT)方法下,计算了6种配合物的吸收光谱.得出如下结论:无论是R型还是M型配合物,Pd(Ⅱ)同六元扩展卟啉的电荷转移值都是最大的,从而也说明中心金属Pd(Ⅱ)同配体之间的相互作用也是最大的.通过对吸收光谱和前线分子轨道的分析,在B带最大吸收峰上,R型配合物主要显示出由金属到配体的电荷转移(MLCT),并且金属轨道在跃迁成分中占比越大,最大吸收峰红移越远,其最大吸收峰顺序λ(Ni@RHP)(492nm)λ(Pt@RHP)(477nm)λ(Pd@RHP)(467nm).而对于M型配合物的Ni@MHP和Pd@MHP,90%以上的跃迁来自配体内的电荷转移(ILCT),并且展示了几乎相等的最大吸收峰(540nm).Pt@MHP与前者相比有40nm的红移,并展示了MLCT的吸收特征.     

重叠模型多重散射X_α——自洽场方法对于平面有机分子的应用

本文将改进的重叠模型多重散射X_α——自洽场方法应用于平面有机分子,如苯、吡啶、哌嗪、吡咯和咪唑分子,和前人的重叠模型相比较,原子间区轨道电荷百分数,不再出现负值的不合理情况,并且在电离势的顺序方面,也得到了较大的改进。     

六异硫氰酸根合铒（Ⅲ）配合物电子结构的离散变分—Xα计算

本文用离散变分X_α(DV-X_α)方法计算了六异硫氰酸根合铒(Ⅲ)配合物[Er(NCS)_6]~(3-)的电子结构,给出了X_α分子轨道能级,Mulliken集居数、总电子态密度及部分态密度等。结果表明,[Er(NCS)_6]~(3-)配合物中起主要成键作用的是Er的5d轨道和配体原子N的S、P轨道,Er-N键具有共价性,其中贡献较大的是Er的5d轨道,4f轨道几乎不参与成键。     

硫族桥原子对类立方烷簇[Fe_4X_4](X=S、Se、Te)成键特征的影响

本文用EHMO法对[Fe_4X_4(SPh)_4]~(3-)和(Fe_4X_4(NO)_4](X=S、Se、Te)等六个类立方烷型簇合物的电子结构进行了计算,并分析讨论了桥基改变对这些类立方烷电子结构和成键特征的影响。结果表明,桥基S被Se、Te取代后前线区域分子轨道中桥基成份明显增大,能级普遍升高;Fe—X键强度减弱,Fe—Fe间作用稍有增强;能级间隔△E(LUMO—HOMO)则随端基配体类型的不同而增大或减少。     

Valence-bond calculations on ZNO and HGO using integrals computed through the semiempirical AM1 method

Valence-bond calculations have been carried out on ZnO and HgO using a basis set of Slatertype atomic orbitals and the one- and two-electron integrals as computed in the semiempirical AM 1 molecular orbital method. The zero differential overlap approximation has been used to calculate integrals between atomic orbital Slater determinants using the rules for matrix elements between determinants formed by orthogonal orbitals. Diabatic and adiabatic curves have been analyzed for the two systems, and results compared with molecular orbital AM 1 results. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Orbital Interaction and the Mulliken-Walsh Diagram for AH2 Systems

We define θ- (or R-) bonding (or antibonding) character of the molecular orbitals according to the slopes of the orbital energy curves when the internuclear angle (or internuclear distance) is varied. So far the slope of the orbital curve has only been accounted for by the qualitative argument based on two factors: the orbital overlap and the s-p mixing. We employ the bond orbitals instead of the usual atomic orbitals as the basis set to analysis the character of the molecular orbitals. The Fock matrix in the bond orbital basis can then quantitatively account for the effects of both the overlap and s-p mixing factors. Our analysis also show that a third factor, the orbital interaction, is essential to account for both the “typical” and “abnormal” behavior of the slopes.     

Ab initio calculation of maximum bond order hybrid orbitals

Summary The maximum bond order hybrid orbital (MBOHO) procedure is tested onab initio level by use of the density matrix in Löwdin orthogonalized atomic orbital basis. The direct MBOHO calculation based on the whole density matrix includes also the hybridization of the inner atomic orbitals, and the MBOHO calculation based on the valence orbital part of the density matrix considers only the hybridization of the valence atomic orbitals. The concrete MBOHO calculations based on theab initio calculation with STO-3G basis show that the components of the s atomic orbitals in MBOHOs and the maximum bond orders obtained from the two kinds of MBOHO calculations are very close to each other, and that the two kinds of MBOHOs all have the excellent correlativity with the nuclear spin-spin coupling constants.The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Excellent Young University Teacher's Foundation of State Education Commission of China.     

Observation of Interference Effects in (e, 2e) Electron Momentum Spectroscopy of SF6 (cited: 1)

Two-dimensional electron density map (2D map) of binding energy and relative azimuthal angle (i.e., momentum) for the outer-valence molecular orbitals of SF₆ has been measured by a highly sensitive electron momentum spectrometer with noncoplanar symmetric geometry at the impact energy of 1.2 keV plus binding energy. The experimental electron momentum profiles for the relevant molecular orbitals have been extracted from the 2D map and interpreted on the basis of the quantitative calculations using the density functional theory with B3LYP hybrid functional. For the outermost F2p nonbonding orbitals of SF₆, the interference patterns are clearly observed in the ratios of the electron momentum profiles of molecular orbitals to that of atomic F2p orbital.     

Development and parametrization of sindo1 for second-row elements

The semiempirical MO method SINDO 1 is extended to second-row atoms from sodium to chlorine. The basis set has a provision to include d orbitals. To retain rotational invariance in a d orbital set, a number of hybrid integrals has to be included that invalidate the zero differential overlap (ZDO ) assumption even in a symmetrically orthogonalized basis set. The inclusion of d orbitals rendered the set-up of integral calculation of the original INDO method impractical. Instead of one subroutine for each integral, all explicitly calculated integrals (overlap, core, electronic repulsion) are now contained in a single subroutine under unifying aspects. The parametrization scheme includes pseudopotentials and adjusts the total energy under inclusion of zero point energies to experimental heats of formation of ground states. The vibrational frequencies for the calculation of zero point energies are obtained from calculated force constants and G matrix elements by a scaling procedure. The results for geometries, energies, and dipole moments are compared with MNDO data.     

Recursion formulae for calculation of overlap integrals

Multi-ζ Slater-type orbitals are frequently used in molecular orbital calculations. Master formulae and numerical tables are available in literature for overlap integrals between s, p, and d atomic orbitals up to principal quantum number (n) = 3 and for some other selected quantum numbers. However, no master formula or numerical table is available for quantum numbers n = 5 and above and involving ? orbitals. In this article recursion formulae have been presented for the calculation of the overlap integral between any two s, p, d, and ? atomic orbitals formed by a linear combination of Slater-type orbitals. These formulae, when expanded, would give rise to all the master formulae reported in the literature as well as formulae hitherto unreported.     

A method for population and bonding analyses in calculations with extended basis sets

Summary A method for population and bonding analyses in the calculations with extended basis sets is proposed. The definition and evaluation method of the atomic orbitals in molecular environments (AOIMs) are described. It is shown that the AOIMs can be divided into two subsets, the strongly occupied minimal compact subset {AOIM}_B and the very weakly occupied “Rydberg” subset {AOIM}_R, according to the orbital population obtained from Mulliken analysis with AOIMs as basis sets. The viewpoint of “molecular orbitals consisting of minimal atomic orbital sets” can be optimally realized in terms of {AOIM}_B. The Mulliken population based on AOIMs is reasonable and fairly stable to changes of basis sets. The Mayer bond orders calculated based on {AOIM}_B are quite stable to the changes of basis sets; therefore they can be used to measure objectively the contribution of individual atomic orbitals to bonding.     

Minimal set of molecule-adapted atomic orbitals from maximum overlap criterion

The criterion of maximum overlap with the canonical free-atom orbitals is used to construct a minimal set of molecule-intrinsic orthogonal atomic orbitals that resemble the most their promolecular origins. Partial atomic charges derived from population analysis within representation of such molecule-adopted atomic orbitals are examined on example of first-row hydrides and compared with charges from other methods. The maximum overlap criterion is also utilized to approximate the exact free-atom orbitals obtained from ab initio calculations in any arbitrary basis set and the influence of the resulting fitted canonical atomic orbitals on properties of molecule-adopted atomic orbitals is briefly discussed.