外平面图的弱完备染色

假设G=（V,E,F）是一个平面图。如果e₁和e₂是G中两条相邻边且在关联的面的边界上连续出现,那么称e₁和e₂面相邻。图G的一个弱完备k-染色是指存在一个从V ∪ E ∪ F到k色集合{1, …, K}的映射,使得任意两个相邻点,两个相邻面,两条面相邻的边,以及V ∪ E ∪ F中任意两个相关联的元素都染不同的颜色。若图G有一个弱完备k-染色,则称G是弱完备k-可染的。平面图G的弱完备色数是指G是弱完备k-可染的正整数k的最小值,记成χ_vef（G）。2016年,Fabrici等人猜想：每个无环且无割边的连通平面图是弱完备7-可染的。证明外平面图满足猜想,即外平面图是弱完备7-可染的。     

带松弛条件的图的强边着色

给定两个非负整数s和t,图G的(s,t)-松弛强k边着色可表示为映射c：E(G)→[k],这个映射满足对G中的任意一条边e,颜色c(e)在e的1-邻域中最多出现s次并且在e的2-邻域中最多出现t次。图G的(s,t)-松弛强边着色指数,记作χ'_(s,t)(G),表示使得图G有(s,t)-松弛强k边着色的最小k值。在图G中,如果mad(G) < 3并且Δ≤4,那么χ'_(1,0)(G)≤3Δ。并证明如果G是平面图,最大度Δ≥4并且围长最少为7,那么χ'_(1,0)(G)≤3Δ-1。     

关于拟k-连通图的一个注释

G是一个k-连通图,T是G的一个k-点割,若G-T可被划分成两个子图G₁,G₂,且|G₁|≥2,|G₂|≥2,则称T是G的一个非平凡点割。假定G是一个不含非平凡（k-1）点割的（k-1）-连通图,则称G是一个拟k-连通图。证明了对任意一个k≥5且t> $ \frac{k}{2}$的整数,若G是一个不含（K₂+tK₁）的k-连通图,且G中任意两个不同点对v,w,有d（v）+d（w）≥ $\frac{{3k}}{2} $+t,则对G中的任意一个点,存在一条与之关联的边收缩后可以得到一个拟k-连通图,且G中至少有$\frac{{\left| {V\left( G \right)} \right|}}{2} $条边使得收缩其中任意一条边后仍是拟k-连通的。     

路的字典积的邻和可区别边染色

图G的正常[k]-边染色σ是指颜色集合为[k]={1,2,…,k}的G的一个正常边染色.用w_σ（x）表示顶点x关联边的颜色之和,即w_σ（x）=∑_e∋x σ（e）,并称w_σ（x）关于σ的权.图G的k-邻和可区别边染色是指相邻顶点具有不同权的正常[k]-边染色,最小的k值称为G的邻和可区别边色数,记为χ'_∑（G）.现得到了路P_n与简单连通图H的字典积P_n[H]的邻和可区别边色数的精确值,其中H分别为正则第一类图、路、完全图的补图.     

工件具有加工位置上限最小化加权总误工量的单机排序问题

考虑工件具有加工位置上限最小化总加权误工量的单机排序问题.在此排序问题中,每个工件J_j都具有一个加工位置上限k_j.也就是说,如果工件J_j是一个可行排序中的第x个工件,那么就需要满足x ≤ k_j.证明了（i）当工件具有相同工期时,该排序问题是二元NP-难的并且是拟多项式时间可解的,（ii）当工件具有单位权重时,该排序问题是一元NP-难的.     

关联聚类问题的半定规划舍入算法

主要研究带有两类权重的一般图下的关联聚类问题. 问题的定义是, 给定图G=(V,E), 每条边有两类权重, 我们需要将点集V进行聚类, 目标是最大相同性, 即最大化属于某个类的边的第一类权重之和加上在两个不同类之间的边的第二类权重之和. 该问题是NP-难的, 我们利用外部旋转技术将现有的半定规划舍入0.75-近似算法改进. 算法的分析指出, 改进的算法虽然不能将近似比0.75提高, 但是对于大多数实例, 可以获得更好的运行效果.     

无向路图和块图上的混合控制

图G=(V,E)的一个混合控制集是一个满足如下条件的集合DV∪E:不在D中的每个点或每条边都相邻或关联于D中的至少一个点或一条边.确定图的最小基数的混合控制集的问题称为混合控制问题.本文研究混合控制问题的算法复杂性,证明了混合控制问题在无向路图上是NP-完全的,但在块图上有线性时间算法.无向路图和块图都是弦图的子类,又是树的母类.     

具有学习效应的两台机上最优混合流水作业算法

研究相同工件在两台机器（分别称为机器M₁和M₂）上的混合流水作业问题,每个给定工件有两个任务,分别称之为任务A和任务B,任务B只能在任务A完工后才能开始加工,每个工件有两种加工模式供选择：模式1是将两个任务都安排在机器M₂上加工;模式2是将任务A和B分别安排在机器M₁和M₂上加工.假设在加工工件时,机器具有学习效应,即工件的实际加工时间与工件的加工位置有关.目标函数是最小化最大完工时间.分别讨论了具有无缓冲区与无限缓冲区两种加工环境情况,两种情况下都得到了最优算法.     

最小最大二点集覆盖问题分析及改进算法设计

本文考虑二中心问题的扩展问题-最小最大二点集覆盖问题。给定两个平面点集P₁和P₂,分别包含m和n个点,求两个圆分别覆盖P₁和P₂,并且要求两圆半径与两圆圆心距三者中的最大值最小。本文主要贡献在于分析半径变化过程中两个点集中心包之间最近距离的变化关系,其中中心包是点集所具有的一个特殊几何结构,所得到的结果改进了Huang等人之前给出的结果,并且通过该结果设计相应算法,所得到的算法复杂性是目前最好的。     

双会议服务器选址问题研究

中位选址问题一直是管理学科的研究热点,本文考虑平面点集选址问题中的双会议服务器选址问题,该问题可以看成是2中位问题的衍生问题。令P为平面上包含n个点的点集,双会议服务器选址问题即为寻找由该点集构成的一棵二星树,使得这棵树上所有叶子之间的距离和最小。本文给出求解该问题的关键几何结构和最优解算法设计,并证明所给算法时间复杂性为O(n³logn)。     

Finding Postal Carrier Walk Paths in Mixed Graphs

The postman problem requires finding a lowest cost tour in a connected graph that traverses each edge at least once. In this paper we first give a brief survey of the literature on postman problems including, the original Chinese postman problem on undirected graphs, the windy Chinese postman problem on graphs where the cost of an arc depends on the direction the arc is transversed, the directed postman problem on graphs with directed edges, and the mixed postman problem on graphs in which there are some directed and some undirected arcs.We show how the mixed postman problem can be solved as an integer program, using the formulation of Gendreau, Laporte and Zhao, by a new row addition branch and bound algorithm, which is a modification of the column subtraction algorithm for set partitioning problems of Harche and Thompson. Computational experience shows that a slack variable heuristic is very effective in finding good solutions that are frequently optimal for these problems.     

The fleet size and mix problem for capacitated arc routing

There have been several attempts to solve the capacitated arc routing problem with m vehicles starting their tours from a central node. The objective has been to minimize the total distance travelled. In the problem treated here we also have the fixed costs of the vehicles included in the objective function. A set of vehicle capacities with their respective costs are used. Thus the objective function becomes a combination of fixed and variable costs. The solution procedure consists of four phases. In the first phase, a Chinese or rural postman problem is solved depending on whether all or some of the arcs in the network demand service with the objective of minimizing the total distance travelled. It results in a tour called the giant tour. In the second phase, the giant tour is partitioned into single vehicle subtours feasible with respect to the constraints. A new network is constructed with the node set corresponding to the arcs of the giant tour and with the arc set consisting of the subtours of the giant tour. The arc costs include both the fixed and variable costs of the subtours. The third phase consists of solving the shortest path problem on this new network to result in the least cost set of subtours represented on the new network. In the last phase a postprocessor is applied to the solution to improve it. The procedure is repeated for different giant tours to improve the final solution. The problem is extended to the case where there can be upper bounds on the number of vehicles with given capacities using a branch and bound method. Extension to directed networks is given. Some computational results are reported.     

A backbone based TSP heuristic for large instances

We introduce a reduction technique for large instances of the traveling salesman problem (TSP). This approach is based on the observation that tours with good quality are likely to share many edges. We exploit this observation by neglecting the less important tour space defined by the shared edges, and searching the important tour subspace in more depth. More precisely, by using a basic TSP heuristic, we obtain a set of starting tours. We call the set of edges which are contained in each of these starting tours as pseudo-backbone edges. Then we compute the maximal paths consisting only of pseudo-backbone edges, and transform the TSP instance to another one with smaller size by contracting each such path to a single edge. This reduced TSP instance can be investigated more intensively, and each tour of the reduced instance can be expanded to a tour of the original instance. Combining our reduction technique with the currently leading TSP heuristic of Helsgaun, we experimentally investigate 32 difficult VLSI instances from the well-known TSP homepage. In our experimental results we set world records for seven VLSI instances, i.e., find better tours than the best tours known so far (two of these world records have since been improved upon by Keld Helsgaun and Yuichi Nagata, respectively). For the remaining instances we find tours that are equally good or only slightly worse than the world record tours.     

Hybrid metaheuristics for the profitable arc tour problem

The profitable arc tour problem is a variant in the vehicle routing problems. It is included in the family of the vehicle routing with profit problems in which a set of vehicle tours are constructed. The objective is to find a set of cycles in the vehicle tours that maximize the collection of profits minus travel costs, subject to constraints limiting the length of cycles that profit is available on arcs. To solve this variant we adopted two metaheuristics based on adaptive memory. We show that our algorithms provide good results in terms of solution quality and running times.     

A two-stage solution approach for the Directed Rural Postman Problem with Turn Penalties

In this paper, we consider the Directed Rural Postman Problem with Turn Penalties (DRPP-TP). A solution is a tour that traverses all required arcs of the graph. The total cost of the tour is the sum of the lengths of the traversed arcs plus the penalties associated with the turns. One solution approach involves transforming the arc routing problem into an equivalent node routing problem. An alternative direct approach (without graph transformation) that involves two stages has been proposed in the literature. In the first part of this paper, we investigate the applicability of the direct approach. We identify several characteristics of the input instance that make this approach effective and present several limitations of this approach. In the second part of this paper, we describe an integer linear program that is combined with a local search algorithm. This combination produces high-quality solutions to the DRPP-TP in a reasonable amount of computing time.     

Exact and approximation algorithms for the min–max k-traveling salesmen problem on a tree

Given k identical salesmen, where k ? 2 is a constant independent of the input size, the min–max k-traveling salesmen problem on a tree is to determine a set of k tours for the salesmen to serve all customers that are located on a tree-shaped network, so that each tour starts from and returns to the root of the tree with the maximum total edge weight of the tours minimized. The problem is known to be NP-hard even when k = 2. In this paper, we have developed a pseudo-polynomial time exact algorithm for this problem with any constant k ? 2, closing a question that has remained open for a decade. Along with this, we have further developed a (1 + ?)-approximation algorithm for any ? > 0.     

A faster 2-approximation algorithm for the minmax p-traveling salesmen problem on a tree

Given an edge-weighted tree T and an integer p1, the minmax p-traveling salesmen problem on a tree T asks to find p tours such that the union of the p tours covers all the vertices. The objective is to minimize the maximum of length of the p tours. It is known that the problem is NP-hard and has a (2−2/(p+1))-approximation algorithm which runs in O(p^p−1n^p−1) time for a tree with n vertices. In this paper, we consider an extension of the problem in which the set of vertices to be covered now can be chosen as a subset S of vertices and weights to process vertices in S are also introduced in the tour length. For the problem, we give an approximation algorithm that has the same performance guarantee, but runs in O((p−1)!·n) time.     

Minimum cycle cover and Chinese postman problems on mixed graphs with bounded tree-width

Let M=(V,E,A) be a mixed graph with vertex set V, edge set E and arc set A. A cycle cover of M is a family C={C₁,…,C_k} of cycles of M such that each edge/arc of M belongs to at least one cycle in C. The weight of C is . The minimum cycle cover problem is the following: given a strongly connected mixed graph M without bridges, find a cycle cover of M with weight as small as possible. The Chinese postman problem is: given a strongly connected mixed graph M, find a minimum length closed walk using all edges and arcs of M. These problems are NP-hard. We show that they can be solved in polynomial time if M has bounded tree-width.     

几类积图的团染色数

设G=（VE）为简单图,V和E分别表示图的点集和边集．图G的一个k-团染色是指点集V到色集{1,2,…,k）的一个映射,使得G的每个至少含两个点的极大团都至少有两种颜色．分别给出了任意两个图的团色数与它们通过笛卡尔积、Kronecker积、强直积或字典积运算后得到的积图的团色数之间的关系．