钢质圆柱壳在侧向爆炸荷载下的动力响应

将壁厚为2.75mm、外径为100mm的钢质圆柱壳置于75g裸装圆柱形压装TNT药柱产生的爆炸场中进行冲击实验,获得了不同装药条件下圆柱壳的变形破坏特征。实验表明:非接触爆炸条件下,壳壁迎爆面局部破坏呈现碟型凹陷,同时沿壳体轴线方向产生了整体屈曲变形,且装药距离较大或药柱轴线与壳体轴线垂直放置情况下对壳体损伤程度较大;而接触爆炸时,壳壁发生破裂形成破口及破片。利用动力有限元程序LS-DYNA及Lagrangian-Eulerian流固耦合方法对圆柱壳的非线性动态响应过程进行数值模拟,分析了壳壁的屈曲变形过程及迎爆曲面中心点速度、位移时程曲线,计算结果与实验吻合较好。并基于数值计算确定了壳壁发生破裂的临界装药距离。     

实心圆柱外表面受热冲击作用的轴对称平面应变热弹性动力学解

利用分离变量法，成功地给出了各向同性实心圆柱外表面受热冲击作用的轴对称平面应变热弹性动力学问题的解析解．运用此方法，可以避免积分变换且易于实现数值计算．在数值结果中，与拟静态问题和均匀热冲击情形进行了比较，表明惯性项对中心处应力响应影响不大，而热传导的过程能大大减低中心处的热应力．     

连铸过程铸坯弹／黏塑性热应力的研究

本文推导并建立了高温铸坯黏塑性蠕变综合效应的非稳态热弹／黏塑性本构方程，在数值分析中考虑了对铸坯应力有重要影响的相变引起的体积变化，并编制了有限元程序。作通过对某厂板坯连铸机进行分析计算的结果表明，对板坯连铸过程铸坯热应力的模拟本模型和程序是有效的。     

三维编织复合材料圆柱壳在外压作用下的屈曲分析

提出一种三维四向编织复合材料圆柱壳的细观力学模型,宏观上基于Reddy高阶剪切变形理论和广义Kármán型方程,采用奇异摄动法求解在固支边界条件下三维四向编织复合材料圆柱壳在外压作用下的屈曲和后屈曲.分析中同时考虑非线性前屈曲、大挠度和初始几何缺陷的影响.讨论了纤维体积含量、壳体几何参数等因素对圆柱壳屈曲行为的影响.     

纯弯曲下薄壁圆柱壳屈曲的非线性分析

为解决薄壁圆柱壳在纯弯曲下由于横截面的椭圆化而引起的屈曲几何非线性问题. 基本假设是改良的Brazier 简单理论,把圆柱壳的纯弯曲变形简化成一个两阶段的过程,分别求得纵向弯曲变形应变能和横截面变形应变能,然后利用最小势能原理求出作用力矩与杆端旋转角度的关系,最后分析可知:壳体长度参数越小,对应的圆柱壳壁越薄,非线性的影响越大;剪力大小参数越小,边界条件对椭圆化变形影响越小,非线性的影响越大.     

圆柱壳体的曲率半径对表面裂纹应力强度因子的影响

本文探讨了含周向内、外半椭圆表面裂纹圆柱壳体的曲率半径对其应力强度因子K_1的影响.主要内容包括三个部分:1.用光弹性法测定了含周向半椭圆表面裂纹圆柱壳的应力强度因子.2.用焦散线法测定了含周向半椭圆表面裂纹圆柱壳体的应力强度因子.3.拟合出了曲率修正因子F_c的近似计算公式.文章给出的结果与已有的理论结果吻合.曲率修正因子F_c的近似计算公式在给定的范围内能够满足工程上的需要.     

层裂损伤的细观数值分析

采用体胞模型的分析方法推导了材料在弹塑性变形阶段的孔洞增长方程。假设所有孔洞的内外半径之比相同,用数值方法定性分析了材料在层裂损伤过程中孔洞数密度分布的变化。通过分析孔洞数密度分布、孔洞体积累积百分比、不同大小孔洞所占体积份额的计算结果,指出初始损伤对损伤演化有直接影响。     

势流中可渗透圆柱壳的变形与压力分析

应用弹性薄壳和流体力学的基本方程,采用相容拉格朗日-欧拉法研究了可渗透圆柱壳在理想流体横向绕流时的弯曲变形及流体压力.假定流体的渗透仅沿变形表面的法线方向,各参数沿壳体表面连续.根据边界条件给出流体势函数的表达式,由相同角度的余弦系数相等得到流体对壳的法向力和切向力.根据求得的作用力并给出圆柱壳变形函数表达式,得到可渗透圆柱壳理想流体绕流的变形表达式.通过具体算例与文献结果进行比较,结果吻合较好.所得结果具有较好的通用性,不可渗透圆柱壳理想流体横向绕流变形问题可以看成本文研究内容的特殊情况.     

双层环肋圆柱壳受多个物体撞击下的结构动响应

针对双层环肋圆柱壳受到多个物体的撞击问题,采用MSC.Dytran软件对受撞过程中的结构损伤变形、撞击力变化和能量转换进行数值模拟,并与模型试验相对比后发现:双层环肋圆柱壳结构同时受多物体撞击是一个瞬态动响应过程,在巨大瞬时冲击载荷作用下,受撞区壳板会迅速超越弹性变形而产生塑性变形;多物体撞击会造成外壳板一定区域的损伤变形,撞击力会相互干扰,导致其非线性特征更明显。结果表明,双层圆柱壳的外壳能对内壳起到较好的防护作用,在外壳没被撞穿的情况下,其结构变形会吸收绝大部分的撞击动能,可以通过优化外壳的吸能效率来达到双层壳体结构物内壳防撞的目的。     

短脉冲激光加热分数阶导热及其热应力研究

短脉冲激光加热引起材料内部复杂的传热过程及热变形,现有的以Fourier定律或Cattaneo-Vernotte松弛方程结合弹性理论为框架建立起来热应力理论在刻画其热物理过程存在严重缺陷. 本文基于分数阶微积分理论, 以半空间为研究对象, 建立了分数阶Cattaneo热传导方程和相应的热应力方程, 给出了问题的初始条件和边界条件, 采用拉普拉斯变换方法, 给出了非高斯时间分布激光热源辐射下温度场和热应力场的解析解, 研究了短脉冲激光加热的温度场及热应力场的热物理行为. 数值计算中, 首先对理论解进行数值验证, 然后取分数阶变量$p=0.5$研究温度场和热应力场的变化特点及激光参数对温度和热应力的影响,最后数值计算分数阶参数对温度和热应力场的影响. 计算结果表明, 分数阶Cattaneo传热方程和热应力方程描述的温度和热应力任然具有波动特性,与经典的Fourier传热模型和标准的Cattaneo传热模型相比, 分数阶阶次越大, 热波波速越小, 热波波动性越明显; 反之, 则热波波速越大, 热扩散性越强.激光加热和冷却的速度越快, 温度上升和下降的速度越快, 压应力和拉应力交替变化越快, 温度变化幅值越小, 热应力幅值影响不明显.      

TEC结构的三维非线性瞬态温度场分析

热电制冷器(TEC)以其体积小、作用速度快及无噪音等机械制冷无法替代的优点在航空航天和电子工业等领域得到了越来越广泛的应用。本文根据TEC的导热特点,推导了TEC结构稳态温度场的解析解,建立了其瞬态非线性温度场分析的微分方程。利用伽辽金法导出TEC结构热分析的有限元方程,对非线性热分析的有限元方程进行了求解,得到了TEC的稳态温度场和瞬态响应温度场。算例结果表明,本文提出的TEC结构热分析有限元模型具有较高的精度,能够有效地分析TEC的非线性瞬态温度场。     

Effects of thermal radiation on MHD viscous fluid flow and heat transfer over nonlinear shrinking porous sheet

This paper investigates the effects of thermal radiation on the magnetohy-drodynamic (MHD) flow and heat transfer over a nonlinear shrinking porous sheet. The surface velocity of the shrinking sheet and the transverse magnetic field are assumed to vary as a power function of the distance from the origin. The temperature dependent viscosity and the thermal conductivity are also assumed to vary as an inverse function and a linear function of the temperature, respectively. A generalized similarity transformarion is used to reduce the governing partial differential equations to their nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations, and is solved numerically by using a finite difference scheme. The numerical results concern with the velocity and temperature profiles as well as the local skin-friction coefficient and the rate of the heat transfer at the porous sheet for different values of several physical parameters of interest.     

Slip effects on heat and mass transfer in MHD micropolar fluid flow over an inclined plate with thermal radiation and chemical reaction

The influence of partial slip, thermal radiation, chemical reaction and temperature‐dependent fluid properties on heat and mass transfer in hydro‐magnetic micropolar fluid flow over an inclined permeable plate with constant heat flux and non‐uniform heat source/sink is studied. The transverse magnetic field is assumed as a function of the distance from the origin. Also it is assumed that the fluid viscosity and the thermal conductivity vary as an inverse function and linear function of temperature, respectively. With the use of the similarity transformation, the governing system of non‐linear partial differential equations are transformed into non‐linear ordinary differential equations and are solved numerically using symbolic software MATHEMATICA 7.0 (Wolfram Research, Champaign, IL). The numerical values obtained for the velocity, microrotation, temperature, species concentration, skin friction coefficient and the Nusselt number are presented through graphs and tables for several sets of values of the parameters. The effects of various physical parameters on the flow and heat transfer characteristics are discussed.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非线性热环境下高温合金蜂窝板隔热性能研究

金属蜂窝板结构在高温热环境下的隔热特性是高速飞行器热防护设计的重要参数. 使用自行研制的高速飞行器瞬态气动热试验模拟系统, 对高温合金蜂窝平板结构在高达800℃的非线性热环境下的隔热性能进行实验研究, 获得了蜂窝板结构的瞬态和稳态传热特性以及在多种不同温度下金蜂窝平板结构隔热效果的实验数据. 在考虑结构内部蜂窝芯壁面间辐射、金属结构的传热以及蜂窝腔内空气传热的多重热交换条件下, 采用三维有限元计算方法对蜂窝板的隔热特性进行了数值模拟, 计算结果和试验结果的吻合性良好, 验证了数值模拟方法的可信性和有效性, 并为数值模拟方法能够在一定程度上较好地替代价格昂贵的气动热模拟试验打下了基础. 讨论了在复杂非线性高温环境下金属蜂窝板隔热效率的变化, 加热面温度的升降速度与隔热效率的关联性以及金属蜂窝板表面发射率的选取等问题, 对高速飞行器金属蜂窝结构的热防护研究具有重要的参考价值.      

Effect of viscous dissipation on an MHD free convective flow past a semi-infinite vertical cone with a variable surface heat flux

An analysis is presented to investigate the influence of viscous dissipation on a free convection flow over a vertical cone with a variable surface heat flux under the action of a transverse magnetic field. The heat transfer characteristics of the free convection flow are investigated numerically. Numerical solutions for transformed governing equations with a variable surface heat flux are obtained. Velocity, temperature, local shear stress, and heat transfer coefficients are calculated for various values of the problem parameters and presented in the graphical form. The effects of the magnetic parameter, the dissipation number, the power-law index, the angle between the cone generatrix and the vertical line, and the Prandtl number on the flow are discussed. For validation of the present numerical results, they are compared with available experimental data and are found to agree well.     

Forced convective heat transfer in porous medium of wire screen meshes

The hydrodynamic and heat transfer characteristics of a porous medium consisting of 20 wire screen meshes are examined theoretically and experimentally. The hydrodynamic experiments are conducted for the range of Reynolds number based on mean velocity and wire diameter from 1.5 to 12. The Ergun's constants and thermal dispersion coefficients are calculated in this range. Nusselt number variation is determined in both thermally developing and fully developed flows by the help of forced convection heat transfer experiments conducted for the uniform heat flux boundary condition. Correlation functions of Nusselt number in the range of fully developed and thermally developing, and of thermal entrance length are obtained from experimental data. Solutions of momentum and energy equations simulating the experimental model are obtained numerically with variable porosity and the anticipated thermal dispersion coefficients. The thermal dispersion coefficients well-adjusted to the experimental data are determined by numerical solution of the energy equation. Received on 22 November 1996     

A finite element model for numerical simulation of thermo-mechanical frictional contact problems

Two kinds of variational principles for numerical simulation of heat transfer and contact analysis are respectively presented. A finite element model for numerical simulation of the thermal contact problems is developed with a pressure dependent heat transfer constitutive model across the contact surface. The numerical algorithm for the finite element analysis of the thermomechanical contact problems is thus developed. Numerical examples are computed and the results demonstrate the validity of the model and algorithm developed. The project supported by the National Key Basic Research Special Foundation (G1999032805), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50178016, 10225212) and the Foundation for University Key Teacher by the Ministry of Education of China     

A radiation and convection fluxmeter for high temperature applications

Heat flux is an essential parameter for the diagnostic of thermal systems. In high temperature industrial environment, there are difficulties in measuring incident radiation heat flux as well as in differentiating between the convective and radiative components of heat flux on the heat transfer surface. A new method for heat flux measurement is being developed using a porous sensing element. The gas stream flowing through the porous element is used to measure the heat received by the sensor surface exposed to the hot gas environment. A numerical model of sensor with appropriate boundary condition has been developed in order to perform analysis of possible options regarding its design. The analysis includes: geometry of element, physical parameters of gas and solid and gas flow rate through the porous element. For the optimal selection of parameters, an experimental set-up was designed, including the sensor element with respective cooling and monitoring systems and a high temperature radiation source. The experimental set-up was used to obtain calibration curves for a number of sensors. The linear dependency of the heat flux and respective temperature difference of the gas were verified. The accuracy analysis of the sensor reading has proved high linearity of the calibration curve and accuracy of ±5%.     

CPU散热片温度场模拟分析及其材料和尺寸选择的研究

对CPU的Cu—Al散热片进行了数值模拟热分析，研究了在室温、强迫对流的条件下的温度分布及散热片材料和几何尺寸对其传热性能的影响，并计算出模块较佳的材料和尺寸参数。有限元数值模拟分析值与实验测试值的比较结果表明，采用有限元热分析技术对CPU散热片进行数值模拟是可行的，为CPU散热片的设计提供了有效的方法。     

Singular integral equations and boundary element method of cracks in thermally stressed planar solids

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