漂移管直线加速器高功率波导窗的物理设计

为了研发中国散裂中子源(CSNS)漂移管直线加速器(DTL)的功率耦合器,在对常规波导窗结构进行改进的基础上,设计了一种新型高功率波导窗。利用微波仿真软件CST优化了波导窗的高频传输特性,并采用ANSYS分析了波导窗在通功率时的温升及热应力以防止陶瓷片破裂,结果表明,波导窗能传输的最大平均功率达到了800 kW。校核了波导窗抽真空时的机械强度,并对陶瓷窗高频打火进行初步讨论,结果表明,漂移管直线加速器入腔功率为2 MW,小于波导窗的临界输入功率2.355 MW,窗内打火的机率很小。     

X波段50 MW速调管的研制

介绍了一种X波段高峰值功率速调管的研制方案,目前该管在X波段已经实现脉冲输出功率50 MW,效率57%,脉宽达到3.6μs。通过COM法、圆波导行波窗、防晕环和陶瓷覆膜等关键技术的应用,解决了高效率、高峰值功率容量和高可靠性等难题。尤其是采用COM法优化电子注群聚,与采用二次谐波群聚法相比,在同样的高频管体长度下,可将互作用效率进一步提高10%左右。产品研制成功,将国内X波段速调管的功率水平由3 MW提升至50 MW,产品性能已达到国际先进水平。     

集成马赫-曾德尔热光耦合器的可调谐振环优化设计

根据耦合模理论,推导出可调谐光波导谐振环的光强和相位传递函数的表达式,并分析了可调谐谐振环的传输特性.结果表明,谐振环中集成的马赫-曾德尔耦合器的参量设定和调谐方式直接影响谐振环的谐振频率移动范围和调制功率.通过改变耦合器参量对谐振环进行优化设计,在中心波长为1550 am附近,谐振环半径2 cm,传输损耗0.08 dB/cm的情况下,实现了清晰度和最佳谐振深度的调谐,谐振频率的移动范围低于0.027 GHz,降低了谐振环对频率调制器的调频要求,同时降低了耦合器的调制功率.     

外开槽同轴波导大轨道回旋自谐振脉塞放大器

 运用大轨道电子束,对外开槽同轴波导回旋自谐振放大器进行了线性动力学理论分析和非线性自洽模型模拟。由线性动力学理论分析和非线性模拟得到的结果在线性增长部分吻合得很好。为了有效抑制绝对不稳定性,对电子束流的选择进行了讨论。计算结果表明：对于电压为700 kV, 电流为100 A, 电子束纵横向速度比为0.8的大轨道电子束, TE₅₁外开槽同轴波导回旋自谐振脉塞放大器的峰值功率和峰值效率分别可以达到6.27 MW和8.96%。     

光梯度力驱动纳谐振器的非线性动力学特性研究

光梯度力作为纳谐振器的一种新型驱动方式,得到了广泛关注.本文研究了光梯度力的固有非线性特性,建立了光梯度力驱动圆环与辐条谐振系统的动力学模型.揭示了入射光功率以及几何参数对系统的非线性动力学响应的影响规律.研究表明:光梯度力会引起系统呈现刚度软化效应,随着入射光功率增大,系统主共振峰值明显增大,且谐振频率随着振幅增大而产生较大偏移;两环初始间隙增大,系统振动幅值和谐振频率均下降;辐条厚度越大,系统主共振峰值和谐振频率均减小.因此,可以通过调节入射光功率来实现圆环辐条谐振器的频率调节,为光梯度力驱动纳谐振器动力学设计和性能预测提供理论参考.     

S波段高功率径向线输出窗的设计

为进一步改进和优化高功率径向线阵列天线的拓扑结构,提高功率容量水平,并满足馈源的真空密封需求,提出并设计了一种适用于高功率径向线阵列天线的微波输出窗。该高功率径向线输出窗采用圆环形陶瓷,材料介电常数为9.4,窗片厚度为3 mm,内径为36 mm,可实现径向线阵列天线馈电系统的输入同轴波导与输出同轴波导间的真空密封。设计结果表明:在中心频率为2.856 GHz下,该径向线输出窗驻波比为1.03,插入损耗为0.17 dB,设计功率容量约150 MW。     

高能所S波段45MW脉冲速调管研制

北京正负电子对撞机国家实验室(BEPC)二期工程使用的高功率脉冲速调管运行功率要求在40MW以上, 为此高能物理研究所在引进国外速调管的同时开展了高能所创新项目45MW脉冲速调管设计、制造工作. 这种新型速调管为5谐振腔、单一陶瓷输出窗结构, 增益为50dB, 效率为40%, 工作电压为310kV. 2005年12月成功地完成了45MW速调管样管的测试, 测试结果显示主要技术指标达到了设计要求.     

金属壁与介质窗之间次级电子倍增效应的研究

高功率盒形窗内的TM11模法向电场对次级电子倍增现象具有较大的影响,特别是在介质窗片与金属波导壁相对的区域,易发生双面次级电子倍增.采用蒙特卡罗粒子模拟方法,研究了法向电场作用下氧化铝陶瓷窗片与铜波导壁之间的双面倍增敏感曲线、倍增阈值电压、粒子数量的演变过程以及粒子运动轨迹.通过对相关参数的分析,获得了金属壁与陶瓷窗片之间双面谐振倍增和非谐振倍增的规律以及双面倍增向单面倍增转变的特点.此研究可为分析窗片失效机理提供理论依据.     

能量倍增器法微波脉冲压缩

为了开展S波段能量倍增器脉冲压缩实验,对能量倍增器进行了冷测和热测工作,主要包括对能量倍增器的指标、参数的测量以及在高功率下对能量倍增器的输出功率、功率增益等参数的测量。实验中,完成了微波固态源系统的改造,研制了同步信号控制器,研究了输入输出脉冲宽度对输出峰值功率的影响,并对实验中可能的射频击穿问题进行了研究。在输入功率5 MW时,得到了功率增益7.122,输出脉宽260 ns,输出峰值功率35.35 MW。     

X波段高功率负载的优化设计与测试

利用三维电磁场仿真软件CST进行了圆形水室水负载的仿真设计，先后设计的两种不同规格的负载驻波比分别为1.032 5和1.055 3，在50 MW的峰值功率下，峰值场强分别为21.16 MV/m和17.57 MV/m；并探究了陶瓷片和水的介电性质对驻波比的影响；测试驻波比分别为1.058 2和1.076 3。对一种圆筒水负载进行了优化设计，结果表明其具有很高的功率耐受水平。最后设计了一种不锈钢干负载，对其吸收齿结构和长度进行了优化，使其更利于加工。使用ANSYS对干负载结构进行了热应力分析，结果显示，最高温度和最大应力分别为83.478 ℃和63.917 MPa，最大形变为0.072 971 mm。     

200 MW S-band traveling wave resonant ring development at IHEP

The resonant-ring is a traveling wave circuit, which is used to produce high peak power with comparatively smaller stored energy. The application to be considered is its use as a high power simulator mainly for testing the klystron ceramic output window, as well as for high power microwave transmission devices. This paper describes the principle of a resonant ring and introduces the structure and property of the newly constructed traveling wave resonant ring at IHEP. Our goal is to produce a 200 MW class resonant ring at 2.856 GHz with a pulse length of 2μs and repetition rate of 25 Hz. The installation, commissioning and testing of the ring have been completed and a peak power of 200 MW at 3 μs has been achieved. The conditioning results show that all the parameters of the resonant ring reach the design goals.     

200 MW S-band traveling wave resonant ring development at IHEP

The resonant-ring is a traveling wave circuit, which is used to produce high peak power with comparatively smaller stored energy. The application to be considered is its use as a high power simulator mainly for testing the klystron ceramic output window, as well as for high power microwave transmission devices. This paper describes the principle of a resonant ring and introduces the structure and property of the newly constructed traveling wave resonant ring at IHEP. Our goal is to produce a 200 MW class resonant ring at 2.856 GHz with a pulse length of 2 μs and repetition rate of 25 Hz. The installation, commissioning and testing of the ring have been completed and a peak power of 200 MW at 3 μs has been achieved. The conditioning results show that all the parameters of the resonant ring reach the design goals.     

165 GHz, 1.5 MW-coaxial cavity gyrotron with depressed collector

A further step in the development of a coaxial-cavity gyrotron operated in the transverse electric TE_-31,17 mode at 165 GHz is presented. The gyrotron has been equipped with a quasi-optical output system consisting of a Vlasov launcher with a single cut and two mirrors, one with a quasi-elliptic and the other with a nonquadratic phase correcting surface. The radio frequency (RF) power is transmitted through a single output window. A maximum output power of 1.7 MW has been achieved. At the nominal operational parameters an RF power of 1.3 MW with an efficiency of 27.3% has been measured. The efficiency increases to 41% in operation with a single-stage depressed collector     

BEPCⅡ大功率波导真空阀门的研制

 大功率波导真空阀门是BEPCⅡ直线加速器微波系统的重点改进项目，作为微波大功率传输和真空密封双重功能的超高真空微波器件，机械结构比较复杂，制造工艺难度大。经过各方努力，已经研究完成16台大功率波导真空阀门，并在2004年全部安装在加速器上使用。目前进入到波导真空阀门的脉冲功率为30~50 MW，高功率运行工作状态良好。对阀门从设计原理、机械结构、微波测试及高功率运行等方面作了较详细的阐述。     

A forced gas-cooled single-disk window using silicon nitride composite for high power CW millimeter waves

Silicon nitride composite as a candidate of a window material for high power CW (Continuous Wave) millimeter-waves was high power tested especially with a surface cooling by impinging gas nitrogen jets on the single-disk surface. Gas-cooling dramatically suppressed the temperature of the window disk even with gas flow rate of around 100 l/min. With gas cooling of 465l/min., 130kW CW power of HE₁₁ mode could be transmitted through the silicon nitride window with a diameter of 88.9mm. The peak window temperature was completely saturated on 123.6 °C. Without gas-cooling it did not saturate and reached 323 °C during 30 seconds pulse. A possibility of 1MW CW single disk Brewster windows with a forced gas-cooling is discussed, resulting in convinced prospects of the windows with realistic size and thickness.     

Long-pulse and CW tests of a 110-GHz gyrotron with an internal,quasi-optical converter

A high-power gyrotron, employing an internal converter that produces a Gaussian-like output mode, has been designed and tested. The tube employed a TE_22.6.1-mode interaction cavity that was designed for operation at a frequency of 110 GHz. An internal converter, consisting of an advanced launcher design and four mirrors, produced a Gaussian mode that had a relatively uniform profile at the tube output window to minimize the peak power density. Tests on the tube resulted in output power levels of 680, 530, and 350 kW for pulse durations of 0.5, 2.0, and 10.0 s, respectively. Measurements of the temperature of the output window were made during the long-pulse tests. Output power levels of 1 MW were achieved under short-pulse (1 ms) operation and the tube was operated at CW power levels in excess of 100 kW     

Towards a 1 MW, 170 GHz gyrotron design for fusion application

The electrical design of different components of 1 MW, 170 GHz gyrotron such as, magnetron injection gun, cylindrical interaction cavity and collector and RF window is presented in this article. Recently, a new project related to the development of 170 GHz, 1 MW gyrotron has been started for the Indian Tokamak. TE_34,10 mode is selected as the operating mode after studied the problem of mode competition. The triode type geometry is selected for the design of magnetron injection gun (MIG) to achieve the required beam parameters. The maximum transverse velocity spread of 3.28% at the velocity ratio of 1.34 is obtained in simulations for a 40 A, 80 kV electron beam. The RF output power of more than 1 MW with 36.5% interaction efficiency without depressed collector is predicted by simulation in single-mode operation at 170 GHz frequency. The simulated single-stage depressed collector of the gyrotron predicted the overall device efficiencies >55%. Due to the very good thermal conductivity and very weak dependency of the dielectric parameters on temperature, PACVD diamond is selected for window design for the transmission of RF power. The in-house developed code MIGSYN and GCOMS are used for initial geometry design of MIG and mode selection respectively. Commercially available simulation tools MAGIC and ANSYS are used for beam–wave interaction and mechanical analysis respectively.     

高峰值功率多注速调管的初步研究

 高峰值功率速调管因其作为高功率微波源而受到各国的重视。采用单电子注方案的高峰值功率速调管存在许多难以克服的问题,如工作电压很高,输出效率偏低,系统体积偏大等。对高峰值功率多注速调管进行了初步的研究,重点研究了S波段50 MW多注速调管的电子光学系统和高频互作用系统。研究表明,在与单注速调管相同的功率电平下,多注速调管的工作电压明显降低,输出效率明显提高,同时,这种管型也存在结构复杂、电子注聚焦和消除非工作模式困难等技术问题。