微量量热法研究螺旋藻活性物质对癌细胞和正常细胞的作用

螺旋藻对人体生理的作用已引起人们的重视,特别是在增强免疫力和抗癌方面。本文用标准型(MS 80)Calvet微量量热计测定了正常生长状况下人宫颈癌传代细胞(Hela)、人乳腺癌细胞(Bcap-37)和正常人胚肺二倍体细胞(2BS)的增殖热谱图;螺旋藻活性物质(Sp,P)对上述癌细胞和正常细胞作用的热谱图。同时,测定了量热实验前后的细胞数、Sp.S对细胞生长的抑制率和细胞死亡率。     

螺旋型抗菌肽的疏水性对抗细菌与抗真菌活性的影响比较

α-螺旋型多肽HPRP-A1由15个氨基酸残基组成,来源于幽门螺杆菌核糖体蛋白L1的N端.本研究以HPRP-A1为模板,在其非极性面中心通过单个氨基酸定点取代的方法,形成一系列疏水性不同的多肽类似物,系统地研究疏水性对α-螺旋型多肽生物活性的影响.结果显示,多肽疏水性及所带净电荷对多肽生物活性起着重要的作用;HPRP-A1及疏水性相对较高的多肽类似物具有较好的广谱抗菌活性（包括革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌及真菌）,但也有相对较高的溶血活性;多肽的疏水性与所带净电荷的变化对多肽抗细菌活性与抗真菌活性所产生的影响有着相似的变化趋势和程度.这意味着多肽与细菌的作用机制和多肽与真菌的作用机制存在一定的相关性.多肽对细菌和真菌的抗菌活性存在特异性,为设计出具有临床应用前景的抗菌肽药物奠定了基础.     

具有选择性抗癌活性的含硒配位组装体:活性氧物种的调控

活性氧物种(ROS)由于其在生物体内的"双刃剑"作用受到越来越多的关注.ROS在低浓度下能够促进细胞生长,而在高浓度下会诱导细胞凋亡.硒作为人体必需的微量元素之一,具有调控细胞内ROS浓度的作用.通过研究具有不同结构的含硒两亲性分子与顺铂、二氯化铂的配位情况,探讨硒与铂之间的配位作用;并进一步研究配位组装体在细胞内调控ROS的能力,探讨选择性抗癌活性的产生机制.结果表明,含硒分子能够与铂类化合物进行配位,生成具有选择性抗癌活性的组装体;该抗癌活性源于组装体对细胞内ROS浓度的调控.期望能够拓展含硒配位组装体在抗癌领域的应用,为选择性抗癌药物的开发提供新的思路.     

β—（酚酯基）乙基锗倍半氧化物的合成及对体外培养细胞的作用

β-羧基乙基锗倍半氧化物(即Ge-132)是一种无毒和具较强抗癌活性的有机锗化合物。为了进一步提高其抗癌活性。已对Ge-132进行了化学结构修饰。本文介绍8种未见报导的Ge-132衍生物,β-酚酯基乙基锗倍半氧化物的合成和体外培养细胞实验结果。     

新型含缩氨基硫脲结构的喹唑啉衍生物的合成及体外抗癌活性

以4,5-二甲氧基-2-氨基苯甲酸和醋酸甲脒为原料,经环化、氯化、胺化和缩合反应,合成了15个新的喹唑啉哌嗪缩氨基硫脲衍生物,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,HRMS及元素分析确认.采用MTT法测试了化合物6a~6o对表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)过度表达的人乳腺癌MCF-7、人肺癌A549和人前列腺癌PC3的体外抗癌活性.结果表明,部分化合物表现出较强的抗癌活性,其中,化合物6a和6o对3种癌细胞的抗癌活性优于对照药拉帕替尼(Lapatinib),略低于对照药阿霉素(ADM).化合物6a和6o对MCF-7的IC50值分别为6.97和6.99μmol/L,对A549的IC50值分别为5.15和3.11μmol/L,而对PC3的IC50值分别为2.30和1.42μmol/L.本文还初步探讨了化合物结构与抗癌活性之间的关系.     

靛玉红及其异构体构效关系的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法计算了靛玉红及其异构体分子的几何构型、电子结构以及前线分子轨道等,研究了结构与抗癌活性之间的关系,探讨了其构效关系上的差异.结果表明,分子是否具有平面构型和广泛共轭体系、3′位C原子的净电荷、分子偶极矩等参数的差异是影响各异构体药效的主要因素.提高3′位C原子的负电荷和增大分子偶极矩将有助于提高化合物的抗癌活性.     

13-cis-异维A酸衍生物的合成、表征及抗癌活性研究

以六甲基磷酰胺为溶剂,在室温条件下将异维A酸合成为尚未见文献报道的异维A酸衍生物(4a～4g),其结构经^1H NMR,^13C NMR和MS表征。着重考察了4g的生物活性,结果表明该4g对肝癌细胞,舌癌细胞等具有抗癌活性。     

甘草素的合成及其抗癌活性

以间苯二酚和对羟基苯甲醛为起始原料,经付克酰基化、羟基保护、羟醛缩合、Michael加成及脱保护反应合成了甘草素(1),总收率36.4%,其结构经1HNMR,13C NMR,IR和MS表征。采用MTT法,以5-氟尿嘧啶为阳性对照药,研究了1对人肺腺癌细胞,前列腺癌细胞(DU-145),人胃癌细胞,人结肠癌细胞(HCT-116)及肝癌细胞的抗癌活性。结果表明:1具有较好的抗HCT-116活性,对DU-145也表现了一定的抑制作用。     

博莱霉素金属络合物的抗癌活性及结构研究进展

博莱霉素是一类具有选择性抗癌活性的抗生素。在对其抗癌机理的研究中,发现某些微量过渡金属离子的存在,可大大增强其抗癌活性,体外实验同时表明,博莱霉素作用底物DNA链的断链程度也显著增加。这一现象,不仅引起了分子生物学家的关注,更引起了生物     

1,10-邻菲咯啉衍生物La(III)配合物的电子结构与抗癌活性

对一系列1,10-邻菲咯啉衍生物La(III)配合物,用密度泛函(DFT)法,在B3LYP/LanL2DZ水平进行理论研究.探讨了配合物的电子结构与其抗癌活性的关系,发现偶极矩(μ)和原子净电荷(Q)都对配合物的抗癌活性有影响,但不起决定性作用,而配合物的LUMO的能量(ELUMO)是决定其抗癌活性强弱的主要因素.并且揭示了配体上侧链烷基链的增长并不是获得高活性分子的最佳途径,而侧链上苯环引入却为设计活性更强的分子提供了可能性.基于理论研究结果,设计了三个具有更高抗癌活性的新配合物.     

Comparison on effect of hydrophobicity on the antibacterial and antifungal activities of α-helical antimicrobial peptides

HPRP-A1, a 15-mer α-helical cationic peptide, was derived from N-terminus of ribosomal protein L1 (RpL1) of Helicobacter pylori. In this study, HPRP-A1 was used as a framework to obtain a series of peptide analogs with different hydrophobicity by single amino acid substitutions in the center of nonpolar face of the amphipathic helix in order to systematically study the effect of hydrophobicity on biological activities of -helical antimicrobial peptides. Hydrophobicity and net charge of peptides played key roles in the biological activities of these peptide analogs; HPRP-A1 and peptide analogs with relative higher hydrophobicity exerted broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and pathogenic fungi, but also showed stronger hemolytic activity; the change of hydrophobicity and net charge of peptides had similar effects with close trend and extent on antibacterial activities and antifungal activities. This indicated that there were certain correlations between the antibacterial mode of action and the antifungal mode of action of these peptides in this study. The peptides exhibited antimicrobial specificity for bacteria and fungi, which provided potentials to develop new antimicrobial drugs for clinical practices.     

蜂毒肽C末端片段的反序肽的抗菌活性和溶血活性

设计并合成了具有不同碱性氨基酸残基数和不同疏水性片段链长的基于Mel(12~26)的系列反序肽类似物.结果表明,反序肽的正电荷和疏水性对于抑菌活性都很重要,N端至少保留3个碱性氨基酸(正电荷>4)和C端的疏水性片段的链长至少为8个氨基酸残基的类似物具有较高的抑菌活性,具有较大的抑菌活性的最小反序肽类似物为具有11个氨基酸残基的RetroMel(13~23).这些反序肽的溶血活性都很小.     

Antimicrobial Peptide Modifications against Clinically Isolated Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella

Antimicrobial peptides are promising molecules to address the global antibiotic resistance problem, however, optimization to achieve favorable potency and safety is required. Here, a peptide-template modification approach was employed to design physicochemical variants based on net charge, hydrophobicity, enantiomer, and terminal group. All variants of the scorpion venom peptide BmKn-2 with amphipathic α-helical cationic structure exhibited an increased antibacterial potency when evaluated against multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates at a MIC range of 4–8 µM. They revealed antibiofilm activity in a dose-dependent manner. Sheep red blood cells were used to evaluate hemolytic and cell selectivity properties. Peptide Kn2-5R-NH₂, dKn2-5R-NH₂, and 2F-Kn2-5R-NH₂ (variants with +6 charges carrying amidated C-terminus) showed stronger antibacterial activity than Kn2-5R (a variant with +5 charges bearing free-carboxyl group at C-terminus). Peptide dKn2-5R-NH₂ (d-enantiomer) exhibited slightly weaker antibacterial activity with much less hemolytic activity (higher hemolytic concentration 50) than Kn2-5R-NH₂ (l-enantiomer). Furthermore, peptide Kn2-5R with the least hydrophobicity had the lowest hemolytic activity and showed the highest specificity to Salmonella (the highest selectivity index). This study also explained the relationship of peptide physicochemical properties and bioactivities that would fulfill and accelerate progress in peptide antibiotic research and development.     

In Silico and In Vitro Structure–Activity Relationship of Mastoparan and Its Analogs

Antimicrobial peptides are an important class of therapeutic agent used against a wide range of pathogens such as Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Mastoparan (MpVT) is an α-helix and amphipathic tetradecapeptide obtained from Vespa tropica venom. This peptide exhibits antibacterial activity. In this work, we investigate the effect of amino acid substitutions and deletion of the first three C-terminal residues on the structure–activity relationship. In this in silico study, the predicted structure of MpVT and its analog have characteristic features of linear cationic peptides rich in hydrophobic and basic amino acids without disulfide bonds. The secondary structure and the biological activity of six designed analogs are studied. The biological activity assays show that the substitution of phenylalanine (MpVT1) results in a higher antibacterial activity than that of MpVT without increasing toxicity. The analogs with the first three deleted C-terminal residues showed decreased antibacterial and hemolytic activity. The CD (circular dichroism) spectra of these peptides show a high content α-helical conformation in the presence of 40% 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). In conclusion, the first three C-terminal deletions reduced the length of the α-helix, explaining the decreased biological activity. MpVTs show that the hemolytic activity of mastoparan is correlated to mean hydrophobicity and mean hydrophobic moment. The position and spatial arrangement of specific hydrophobic residues on the non-polar face of α-helical AMPs may be crucial for the interaction of AMPs with cell membranes.     

Syntheses of antibacterial peptides,gramicidin S analogs and designed amphiphilic oligopeptides

In order to clarify the relationship between antimicrobial activity and peptide-structure, gramicidin S analogs and cationic α-helical model peptides were designed and synthesized. Introduction of cationic side chains in hydrophilic side of gramicidin S increased antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Amphiphilic structures of the α-helical peptides were found to be effective to show antimicrobial activities against Gram positive bacteria. Increase in number of cationic amino acid residues in the α-helical peptides caused appreciable antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative bacteria, however, induced lower activities against Gram-positive ones.     

Interchain doubly-bridged α-helical peptides for the development of protein binders

This work reported the design and synthesis of interchain doubly-bridged α-helical peptides, involving mutual stabilization of two α -helical peptides crosslinked by two interchain bisthioether crosslinkers.     

The influence of dipole moments on the mechanism of electron transfer through helical peptides

The life time of aromatic radical cations is limited by reactions like β-elimination, dimerization, and addition to the solvent. Here we show that the attachment of such a radical cation to the C-terminal end of an α-/3(10)-helical peptide further reduces its life time by two orders of magnitude. For PPII-helical peptides, such an effect is only observed if the peptide contains an adjacent electron donor like tyrosine, which enables electron transfer (ET) through the peptide. In order to explain the special role of α-/3(10)-helical peptides, it is assumed that the aromatic radical cation injects a positive charge into an adjacent amide group. This is in accord with quantum chemical calculations and electrochemical experiments in the literature showing a decrease in the amide redox potentials caused by the dipole moments of long α-/3(10)-helical peptides. Rate measurements are in accord with a mechanism for a multi-step ET through α-/3(10)-helical peptides that uses the amide groups or H-bonds as stepping stones.     

Design and Synthesis of 3-Substituedmethylenethiochroman-4-ones as Anticancer Agents

A series of 3-substituedmethylenethiochroman-4-ones was designed and synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, IR, UV and elemental analysis. The results of their anticancer activity studies show that almost all 3-chloromethylenethiochroman-4-ones exhibit high anticancer activities and their activities are all better than reference cisplatin. Their IC50 against cancer cells is in a range of 0.80―9.17 μg/mL. Thus they could be promising candidates for anticancer drugs. However, compound 5 has no activity against cancer cells, thus chloromethylene at the 3 position of thiochroman-4-ones seems to play an important role in observed anticancer activities.     

Rationalizing the membrane interactions of cationic amphipathic antimicrobial peptides by their molecular shape

Biophysical and structural studies of cationic amphipathic antimicrobial peptides have revealed new mechanistic details concerning their membrane interactions. In interfacial environments the peptides adopt amphipathic conformations and the resulting distribution of polar, charged and hydrophobic residues allows them to partition into the bilayer interface. For several helical peptides it was found that their long axis is oriented parallel to the membrane surface, an arrangement which results in considerable perturbations in the packing of the lipid bilayer. Within the molecular shape concept the peptides act as wedge-like structures which impose positive curvature strain on the membrane. As a consequence a wide variety of morphologies are observed of peptide–lipid mixtures which strongly depend on the detailed peptide sequence, the membrane lipid composition, buffer, temperature and other environmental parameters. Therefore, the peptide–lipid systems are best described by phase diagrams, similar to the ones of detergent–lipid mixtures, encompassing on the one extreme regions where the peptide stabilizes the bilayer and on the other extreme regions where membrane lysis occurs. The effects of peptide sequence, membrane penetration depth, lipid composition and membrane surface charge density on membrane-association, -morphology and the resulting phase boundaries are discussed.