基于分子印迹电聚合膜的褪黑素传感器的研究

在弱酸条件下,以邻苯二胺为功能单体,褪黑素为模板,以电化学聚合物法在铂电极表面合成了性能稳定的褪黑素分子印迹聚合物膜.采用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲法(DPV)对分子印迹传感器的识别性能进行了研究.结果表明:此传感器对褪黑素具有快的响应、良好的选择性和高的灵敏度.以K3Fe(CN)6为电子传递媒介,建立了一种差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)间接检测褪黑素的分析方法.在1×10-10～1×10-8 moL/L范围内,褪黑素的浓度与K3Fe(CN)6的相对峰电流变化呈良好的线性关系;检出限为1×10-11 mol/L(S/N=3).将此传感器应用于复合褪黑素及尿样中褪黑素含量的测定,加标平均回收率大于94％.     

可卡因免疫及适配体生物传感器

由于长期滥用可卡因会对人体产生心律失常、心肌梗死、中风、高血压、主动脉僵硬等不良影响,可卡因已成为当今最危险和非法滥用的药物之一,传统的可卡因色谱分析方法存在耗时、样本处理繁琐和操作复杂等缺点。因此,改善传统可卡因分析方法对打击犯罪和发展医学具有一定的积极影响。由于生物传感器的准确性和便携性,基于免疫和适配体技术的生物传感器是检测可卡因的一个重要发展方向。在这篇综述中,主要讲述了近年来不同类型的可卡因生物传感器,涵盖了基于电化学、荧光、比色等方法在可卡因检测上的进展,对可卡因的免疫和适配体生物传感器进行了归纳和综述,并总结了可卡因传感器的优缺点和发展方向。     

基于生物传感器的内毒素检测研究进展

内毒素是造成内毒素血症、多器官功能衰竭的关键因子,对人体健康存在着严重的危害。发展高选择性、高灵敏度、快捷便携且不受现场限制的检测方法具有重要意义。生物传感器以其高效、灵敏、易于自动化和微型化等优点,在相关检测领域中显示出重要的研究价值和巨大的发展空间。本文简要介绍了近年来内毒素的常用检测方法,重点综述了光学生物传感器和电化学生物传感器在内毒素检测应用中的研究进展。对生物传感器在内毒素检测中面临的挑战及其发展趋势进行了讨论和展望。     

磁弛豫开关传感器在医学诊断及食品安全检测中的研究进展

临床生化或食品复杂体系样本的快速、准确检测对于保障人类健康有重要意义。基于磁性纳米粒子的磁弛豫开关传感器是集纳米、核磁共振、化学、生物免疫分析技术于一体的的新型传感器,具有快速、无损、灵敏、特异性强、可检测浑浊溶液样品等优点。本文在简述超顺磁弛豫开关传感器检测原理的基础上,对MRS的检测目标物、传感器构造特点、检测灵敏度及检测过程中T_2的变化规律进行了归纳总结,对其应用于检测多种医学诊断生物标志物和食品中重要有害因子的研究进行了评述,并从磁纳米粒子的制备与修饰、磁弛豫开关传感器检测灵敏度的提高及高通量磁弛豫传感器的构建等方面提出了解决策略。     

基于天然气敏材料猪肉中优势腐败菌的可视化检测

优势致腐菌是引起猪肉变质的重要原因之一,为了探索猪肉优势致腐菌绿色、快速的检测方法,本研究使用天然色素作为气体可视化传感器阵列的气敏材料,区分猪肉中的优势致腐菌。首先从植物中提取17种天然色素作为气敏材料,并将其固定在基底材料上,干燥后制成气体可视化传感器阵列。将3种优势致腐菌(梭状芽孢杆菌、热死环丝菌、假单胞菌)分别接种至3组猪肉样本中,在室温(20℃)条件下分别培养8、16和24 h,然后将传感器阵列与猪肉样本产生的挥发性物质接触并发生反应,用扫描仪获取传感器阵列与每个样本反应前后的图像信息,将传感器反应前后的颜色差值作为样本的特征值组成一个数据矩阵,并制成差值图像。最后采用主成分分析对培养8,16和24 h后的3种优势致腐菌进行检测,识别率分别为90%,90%和100%。结果表明,天然色素可以作为气体传感器的气敏材料,检测猪肉的优势致腐菌,且检测过程不会产生化学毒害。     

电化学DNA生物传感器*

对特异DNA序列的检测在基因相关疾病的诊断、军事反恐和环境监测等方面均具有非常重要的意义,DNA传感器的研究就是为了满足对特异DNA序列的快速、便捷、高灵敏度和高选择性检测的需要。近年来涌现出了多种传感策略,根据检测方法的不同可以大致分为光学传感器、电化学传感器、声学传感器等。由于电化学检测方法本身所具有的灵敏、快速、低成本和低能耗等特点,电化学DNA传感器已成为一个非常活跃的研究领域并在近几年中得到了快速发展。本文概括了近年来在DNA传感器的重要分支——电化学DNA传感器领域内的一些重要进展,主要包括DNA探针在传感界面上的固定方法和各种电化学DNA杂交信号的检测方法。     

比率式荧光纳米氧传感器

比率式荧光传感通过在同一传感基质中掺杂两种或两种以上对分析物具有不同响应的发光体,根据不同的光发射信号比值构建起来的光化学传感体系,能更好满足实际检测的需要。近年来,比率式荧光纳米传感器的构建已引起了人们的广泛关注。该文介绍了比率式荧光纳米氧传感器的制备方法、传感特性和应用情况,并对其传感检测的发展和应用前景进行了分析和展望。     

量子点及其在食品安全快速检测中的应用进展

食品中有害物质快速检测技术的发展,对食品安全和国民健康的意义重大。量子点作为一种具有超凡光电特性的纳米粒子,近年来已被广泛应用于食品安全快速检测领域。本文对量子点可视化传感器的检测机理及其对食品中农兽药、重金属等有害物的检测和食品非法添加物的无目标检测进行了综述,并对其存在的问题和未来的发展进行了探讨。     

交叉响应传感器鉴别β受体激动剂及其混合体系

开发了一种鉴别β受体激动剂的新型阵列传感器。该传感器由8种传感物质构成,使用96孔板酶标仪采集响应数据,结合主成分分析(PCA)、分层聚类分析(HCA)、判别分析(LDA)等模式识别方法进行数据处理,对5类β受体激动剂及其混合物进行检测。PCA结果表明,该传感器主要是基于空间结构以及氢键作用实现对β受体激动剂的识别;HCA结果显示,93个分析样本归类正确;LDA结果显示,该传感器对于β受体激动剂识别的准确率达98.9%。本方法在β受体激动剂的检测中有潜在应用价值。     

生物传感器在POCT中的应用研究

即时检测（POCT）是在病人旁边或现场进行的检测,因其简单、快速、便携且不受场所限制已成为目前体外分子诊断技术发展的一支风向标。而生物传感器以其快速、灵敏、高效、便携及易于自动化、微型化等优点在发展现场即时检测技术中具有非常大的潜力。近年来,随着生物传感技术、互联网技术的发展及各种新技术、新方法的兴起和融合,POCT技术和方法得到了实质性发展。本文简要介绍了生物传感器的分类和生物传感器在POCT中的应用现状,综述了近年来各类生物传感器在面向POCT检测应用的研究进展。生物传感器根据类型主要分为基于微流控芯片的生物传感器、基于纸的生物传感器、基于纳米材料的生物传感器、基于手机检测平台的生物传感器及集成的生物传感器等,并对这些传感器平台在POCT检测方面的应用做了阐述,最后对生物传感器在POCT应用中存在的问题进行了讨论,并对其发展趋势及前景做了展望。     

Recent progress in fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors for detection of precious metal ions (silver, gold and platinum ions)

Due to the wide range of applications and biological significance, the development of optical probes for silver, gold and platinum ions has been an active research area in the past few years. This tutorial review focuses on the recent contributions concerning the fluorescent or colorimetric sensors for these metal ions, and is organized according to their structural classifications (for Ag(+) detection) and unique mechanisms between the sensors and metal ions (for Au(3+) and Pt(2+) detection).     

Micro- and nanomechanical sensors for environmental, chemical, and biological detection

Micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems, including cantilevers and other small scale structures, have been studied for sensor applications. Accurate sensing of gaseous or aqueous environments, chemical vapors, and biomolecules have been demonstrated using a variety of these devices that undergo static deflections or shifts in resonant frequency upon analyte binding. In particular, biological detection of viruses, antigens, DNA, and other proteins is of great interest. While the majority of currently used detection schemes are reliant on biomarkers, such as fluorescent labels, time, effort, and chemical activity could be saved by developing an ultrasensitive method of label-free mass detection. Micro- and nanoscale sensors have been effectively applied as label-free detectors. In the following, we review the technologies and recent developments in the field of micro- and nanoelectromechanical sensors with particular emphasis on their application as biological sensors and recent work towards integrating these sensors in microfluidic systems.     

Distance versus Capillary Flow Dynamics-Based Detection Methods on a Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device (μPAD)

In recent years, there has been high interest in paper-based microfluidic sensors or microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) towards low-cost, portable, and easy-to-use sensing for chemical and biological targets. μPAD allows spontaneous liquid flow without any external or internal pumping, as well as an innate filtration capability. Although both optical (colorimetric and fluorescent) and electrochemical detection have been demonstrated on μPADs, several limitations still remain, such as the need for additional equipment, vulnerability to ambient lighting perturbation, and inferior sensitivity. Herein, alternative detection methods on μPADs are reviewed to resolve these issues, including relatively well studied distance-based measurements and the newer capillary flow dynamics-based method. Detection principles, assay performance, strengths, and weaknesses are explained for these methods, along with their potential future applications towards point-of-care medical diagnostics and other field-based applications.     

High effective sensors based on photonic crystals

Photonic crystals have been extensively studied as high effective sensors for environmental monitoring and chemical and biological detections. This paper reviews recent achievements on photonic crystal sensors. Especially, the band gap responsiveness and the ability in amplifying spontaneous emission are demonstrated in the reported photonic crystal monitors/sensors. They are of great importance for optical monitors/sensors visualized by the naked eye and sensors based on fluorescence applications. The photonic crystal sensors are promising for low-cost and high effective sensors and detection methods, although challenges still exist in practical applications.     

Miniaturized electrochemical sensors and their point-of-care applications

Most of the current analytical methods depend largely on laboratory-based analytical techniques that require expensive and bullky equipment,potentially incur costly testing,and involve lengthy detection processes.With increasing requirements for point-of-care testing(POCT),more attention has been paid to miniaturized analytical devices.Miniaturized electrochemical(MEC)sensors,including different material-based MEC sensors(such as DNA-,paper-,and screen electrode-based),have been in strong demand in analytical science due to their easy operation,portability,high sensitivity,as well as their short analysis time.They have been applied for the detection of trace amounts of target through measuring changes in electrochemical signal,such as current,voltage,potential,or impedance,due to the oxidation/reduction of chemical/biological molecules with the help of electrodes and electrochemical units.MEC sensors present great potential for the detection of targets including small organic molecules,metal ions,and biomolecules.In recent years,MEC sensors have been broadly applied to POCT in various fields,including health care,food safety,and environmental monitoring,owing to the excellent advantages of electrochemical(EC)technologies.This review summarized the state-of-the-art advancements on various types of MEC sensors and their applications in POCT.Furthermore,the future perspectives,opportunities,and challenges in this field are also discussed.     

Recent advances in the direct electrochemical detection of drugs of abuse

In the last decade, the trafficking and use of illicit drugs showed a continuous incremental trend, remaining worldwide a challenging problem for the consequences on society, health, criminality, and environment. The introduction on the market of new products and of illicit synthetic compounds represents a new challenging task for analytical chemistry, looking for rapid and accurate methods for the detection of illicit substances in seized street samples, biological fluids, and wastewater. In this context, electrochemical sensors have shown promising results as an alternative to standard chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. This review aims at highlighting the most recent progresses in the use of electrochemistry for the detection of drugs of abuse, mainly including well consolidated substances like cannabinoids, cocaine, opioids, ecstasy, and methamphetamine as well as new psychoactive molecules widely diffused at the present time. Different strategies have been described particularly consisting in the direct electrochemical oxidation of the target analyte. The implementation of tailor-made portable instruments with electrochemical detection methods constitutes an added value to improve the effectiveness of electrochemical sensors for the identification of psychoactive substances when performing large-scale sampling tests.

     

Review: Carbon nanotube based electrochemical sensors for biomolecules

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been incorporated in electrochemical sensors to decrease overpotential and improve sensitivity. In this review, we focus on recent literature that describes how CNT-based electrochemical sensors are being developed to detect neurotransmitters, proteins, small molecules such as glucose, and DNA. Different types of electrochemical methods are used in these sensors including direct electrochemical detection with amperometry or voltammetry, indirect detection of an oxidation product using enzyme sensors, and detection of conductivity changes using CNT-field effect transistors (FETs). Future challenges for the field include miniaturizing sensors, developing methods to use only a specific nanotube allotrope, and simplifying manufacturing.     

Recent progress in fluorescent and colorimetric sensors for the detection of ions and biomolecules

Optical sensors are widely used in the field of analytical sensing and optical imaging because of their high sensitivity, fast response time, and technical simplicity. This review focuses on recent contributions concerning the ions, neutral molecules and especially tumor micro-environment-related parameters based fluorescent or colorimetric sensors and is organized according to their target classifications.     

新型量子点基分子印迹荧光传感器在快速检测中的应用

作为一种新型荧光纳米材料,量子点具有十分优异的光学特性,是分析化学、生物科学、医学等领域研究的热点标记材料。分子印迹聚合物是能够进行特异性识别和选择性吸附的“仿生”材料,它易于制备且具有较好的重现性和稳定性,因而分子印迹技术已成为具有广阔应用前景的识别技术。量子点基分子印迹荧光传感器结合了量子点和分子印迹技术的优势,由于其高选择性和高灵敏度,在环境监测、食品检测、生物分析等领域得到快速发展。但该传感器在应用中也还存在亲水性不足、识别单一、便携性不足等问题。该文引用了近5年来发表在American Chemical Society、Elsevier等数据库约20篇相关文献,对量子点基分子印迹荧光传感器的构建及该传感器在快速检测分析痕量物质中的应用进展进行了综述。首先根据荧光光谱图中发射峰个数的不同分别介绍了3种量子点基分子印迹荧光传感器的类型及相关识别机理,其次根据待测物的不同归纳介绍了近五年来该传感器在离子、有机小分子、生物大分子等检测分析中的最新研究进展,最后对当前该传感器在制备及应用中仍存在的问题进行了总结并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

碳点在抗生素分析检测中的应用

抗生素的过度使用对环境造成了极大破坏,对其进行监测控制刻不容缓。常用的分析检测技术,如高效液相色谱(HPLC)、气相色谱(GC)、高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)等具有高效快速、重现性好、可自动化操作等优点。但对环境样品中抗生素的检测存在样品前处理过程繁琐、检测灵敏度低、实验成本高等问题。结合现有的检测技术发展新型材料,对提高抗生素的检测灵敏度具有重要意义。碳点(CDs)是一种尺寸介于0~10 nm之间的新型纳米材料,具有小尺寸效应、优异的电学和光学性质、良好的生物相容性等优点,已被广泛应用于环境样品中抗生素的检测。该综述对近5年CDs与传感器、色谱分析技术结合检测抗生素的应用进行了总结,并对其发展前景进行了展望。该文总结了CDs与分子印迹传感器、适配体传感器、电化学发光传感器、荧光传感器及电化学传感器相结合,及其在抗生素检测中的应用;对涉及的比率型传感器、阵列传感器等先进分析方法进行了举例评述;对CDs作为色谱固定相分离抗生素进行了阐述。文献表明,CDs结合传感器检测抗生素可有效提高检测灵敏度,但对复杂环境样品中抗生素的检测还面临着构建高选择性传感器、开发新型材料及数据处理等方面的挑战;目前,CDs作为色谱固定相对抗生素的材料分离,仍处于初步研究阶段,分离机理尚不明确,有待进一步深入研究。总之,CDs在环境样品中抗生素的检测方面仍面临一系列问题,随着人们对CDs的深入研究以及各种分析检测技术的不断发展,CDs将会在抗生素等环境污染物的检测中发挥重要作用。