抗震加固用消能减震结构的弹塑性时程分析研究

对用于抗震加固的消能减震结构进行了弹塑性时程分析研究,主要解决以下几个问题:确定结构的振动模型;质量矩阵和阻尼矩阵的处理;确定结构或构件在反复荷载下的力-位移关系,或恢复力特性;附加阻尼矩阵及附加刚度矩阵;阻尼器的优化布置等.提出了简化优化设计法,针对加固工程,确定控制函数.最后给出了四层混凝土框架加固工程实例分析.     

附设黏滞阻尼器的装配式悬臂挡土墙动力响应研究

为提高装配式悬臂挡土墙抗震性能,将黏滞阻尼器附设在装配式悬臂挡土墙上,形成一种新型装配式悬臂阻尼挡土墙,通过黏滞阻尼器耗散地震能量达到减震目的。为研究该新型挡土墙的动力响应,采用ABAQUS软件,建立了两组三维有限元对比模型,一组为无滑体的阻尼悬臂挡土墙及对比模型,另一组为包含滑坡体的新型阻尼挡土墙及对比模型。对模型施以Vrancea地震波,研究了附设黏滞阻尼器的装配悬臂挡土墙抗震性能,并进行参数分析,讨论了混凝土强度、装配尺寸、阻尼器关键参数对其力学性能的影响。结果表明:附设黏滞阻尼器的装配悬臂挡土墙相较于对比模型,立板最大荷载减小约50%,最大应力减小约60%,立板最大水平位移由6.69mm减小至1.24mm,抗震性能显著提高;随着立板厚度、阻尼系数的增大,附设黏滞阻尼器的装配悬臂式挡土墙抗震性能有所提高,而混凝土强度、阻尼指数需要合理选择。     

附加黏滞阻尼器结构附加等效阻尼比算法研究

本文基于应变能概念,从附加等效阻尼比计算的基本理论出发,结合国内外相关规范、导则及论文,讨论了几种计算附加非线性黏滞阻尼器建筑结构的附加等效阻尼比实用估计方法.以一个实际工程为算例,比较附加黏滞阻尼器结构和两种不同估计方法得到的附加等效阻尼比的阻尼结构在地震时程下的响应,验证了各方法计算结果满足工程精度情况.     

高速铁路大跨度连续钢桁梁柔性拱桥减震研究

在1联(3×168)m连续钢桁梁柔性拱桥设置纵向粘滞阻尼器,采用非线性时程分析方法研究其减震效果。从减小拱脚轴力、墩底内力、墩梁纵向相对位移三方面出发,讨论了粘滞阻尼器各参数对结构地震响应的影响,并与未设置粘滞阻尼器情况下的地震响应进行对比。初选了减震效果较好的阻尼系数C和速度指数ζ,继而在全桥(两联3×168m连续钢桁梁柔性拱)布置该参数的粘滞阻尼器并分析其减震效果。结果表明:固定墩顶的拱脚轴力值在纵向布置粘滞阻尼器后显著减小,而位于活动墩顶的拱脚轴力值个别存在增大情况,且当ζ一定时,C越大减震效果越明显;活动墩顶的墩梁纵向相对位移随ζ的减小和C的增大而减小;以1联连续钢桁梁柔性拱桥为研究对象,所选定的阻尼器在全桥布置后,全桥地震响应的最大正减震率为76.5%,最大负减震率为-21.40%;尽管全桥布置阻尼器后某些位置出现了负减震率,但其地震响应仍然全桥最小;通过对两侧简支钢桁梁粘滞阻尼器的参数优化后,个别位置的地震响应进一步减小,从而提高了全桥的抗震性能。     

线性粘滞阻尼耗能框架结构地震反应分析与优化

振动方程阻尼矩阵对于布置了阻尼器框架结构的振型不再具有正交性,传统的振型解耦法已不再适合于该振动方程的求解。本文采用状态方程直接积分法,研究了线性粘滞阻尼耗能框架结构的地震响应,并与SAP2000有限元软件的分析结果进行了对比,两者误差在5%以内;本文也探讨了阻尼器布置方式对框架结构地震响应的影响。结果表明:减震结构布置阻尼器的楼层,其层间位移角减小较显著;但未布置阻尼器的楼层,其层间位移角较大,甚至会出现层间位移角超过传统抗震结构相应值的现象,因此粘滞阻尼器在结构中应连续布置,不宜在结构中间断;当粘滞阻尼器在结构各楼层均匀布置时,结构各楼层最大位移反应相对传统抗震结构降低很多,约为抗震结构的20%~40%,减震效果较显著,但各楼层阻尼系数可根据均匀布置阻尼器的结构层间位移角优化;阻尼系数优化后,结构各楼层层间位移角差别减小,较为均匀。本文最后提出了线性粘滞阻尼耗能结构地震作用的实用计算方法。     

套索式黏滞阻尼器位移放大系数的理论和实验研究

考虑了支撑杆弹性变形的影响,提出了精确计算套索式黏滞阻尼器位移放大系数的方法;借助SAP2000分析软件,研究了套索式黏滞阻尼器在不同工况下放大系数的变化情况,并通过试验对理论分析和模拟结果进行了验证。研究结果表明:套索式黏滞阻尼器的实际位移放大系数小于刚性理论计算值,支撑杆的弹性变形应予以考虑;在其他条件一定的情况下,位移放大系数随加载频率的增大而减小。本文提出的方法考虑了支撑杆件的刚度,能够更加合理地计算套索式黏滞阻尼器的位移放大系数。     

山区铁路高墩大跨刚构-连续梁桥减震研究

山区高墩大跨刚构-连续梁桥结构比较特殊,其地震反应复杂,合理的减震设置对控制地震反应尤为重要。以一座(78+3×134+78)m刚构-连续梁桥为研究对象,运用非线性时程分析法进行计算。通过在活动墩和桥台分别设置减震装置,探讨减震效果,基于最佳的减震设置,进行考虑桥台损伤对结构减震的影响分析。结果表明:桥台处设置粘滞阻尼器既可保证活动墩内力不增加,亦可显著降低刚构墩的内力;无论是桥墩还是桥台,布置摩擦摆支座的减震效果不及布置粘滞阻尼器;桥台损伤对减震有一定的影响,双侧桥台损伤和近刚构墩桥台损伤对刚构墩减震效果影响显著,使得地震内力放大3倍左右,近活动墩侧桥台破坏则对其影响较小;在刚构-连续梁桥的桥台减震设计中应重视刚构侧桥台的设计,确保近刚构墩侧桥台的线刚度达到10~6kN/m,远离刚构墩侧桥台线刚度达到10~5kN/m,实现桥台减震设计的可靠性。     

高速铁路连续箱型梁桥的动力响应与减振分析

根据列车具体的轴距和轴重,建立了和谐号动车组CRH380AL型列车简化模型;对高速铁路两跨连续梁桥采用多自由度欧拉伯努利梁单元进行主梁的模拟,并将液体黏滞阻尼器模拟为有限元阻尼单元;采用Newmark直接积分方法求解了高速列车作用下的连续梁桥运动方程,数值分析了列车车速以及液体黏滞阻尼器的阻尼系数对于高速铁路连续梁桥振动响应的影响。结果表明:黏滞阻尼器对于桥梁具有明显的减振效果,阻尼力不仅与阻尼系数有关还与列车时速有关;同一黏滞阻尼器条件下,桥梁的最大加速度并不随列车速度的增加而单调增加,而是在某些特定列车车速下桥梁的最大加速度出现了峰值,且随着黏滞阻尼器的阻尼系数增大,桥梁振动响应峰值处的最大加速度减幅不同;同一列车时速的条件下,桥梁的减振效果并不是随着阻尼系数的递增呈正比递增,而是随着阻尼系数的增大,阻尼器的减振效果增幅在减小。     

带支撑黏弹性阻尼器框架减震性能分析

对带有支撑黏弹性阻尼器耗能框架结构振动方程进行傅里叶变换,求解该振动方程的频域解,再通过傅里叶逆变换得出该方程的时域解,由此研究了阻尼器的支撑系数ψ、松弛时间系数η对结构地震响应的影响,分析了带支撑黏弹性阻尼器在结构各楼层均匀布置时结构的地震作用及结构各振型的底部剪力。结果表明:支撑系数ψ超过一定数值时,阻尼器支撑对结构的地震反应影响很小;框架结构中带支撑的黏弹性阻尼器宜合理控制松弛时间系数η,使其不大于0.5。     

附加黏滞阻尼器减震结构基于性能的抗震设计方法

本文以位移设计方法的概念为主,结合能力谱法提出附加黏滞流体阻尼器结构基于位移的初步设计方法.首先讨论了减震结构基于性能设计方法的实现途径并加以比较;其次定量研究了使用加速度反应谱转换为位移反应谱的条件,分析指出真实位移反应谱(均值)与转换得到的位移反应谱随着场地特征周期的增大,两者之间的差值逐渐增大;在场地条件相同的情况下,阻尼比越大两者的差异也越大.最后结合我国抗震设计规范,给出了主体结构保持弹性状态时,非迭代法确定附加黏滞流体阻尼器的减震结构设计流程.非线性时程分析结果表明该设计方法实用、有效.     

粘滞阻尼器减震结构非线性随机振动的时域显式降维迭代随机模拟法

粘滞阻尼器在大型复杂结构减震设计中应用广泛。由于粘滞阻尼器的非线性阻尼力特性,粘滞阻尼器减震结构非平稳随机地震反应分析是一个典型的局部非线性随机振动问题。利用减震结构动力响应时域显式表达式的降维列式优势,仅针对与粘滞阻尼器相关的局部自由度进行非线性迭代计算,提出了局部非线性随机振动问题的时域显式降维迭代随机模拟法,为设置粘滞阻尼器的大型复杂减震结构非线性地震反应分析提供一种高效的随机振动方法。以安装了四个纵桥向粘滞阻尼器的某主跨1200m悬索桥为工程实例,开展E2水准地震激励下的非线性随机振动分析。计算结果显示,设置阻尼器后,主梁的纵桥向位移得到明显控制,降幅达到80%,大桥的关键截面内力也有5%左右的降幅。     

Dynamics of trains and train-like articulated systems travelling in confined fluid—Part 1: Modelling and basic dynamics

The dynamics and stability of a train of flexibly interconnected rigid cylinders travelling in a confined cylindrical “tunnel” subjected to fluid dynamic forces is studied theoretically. Each cylinder, which is coupled to other cylinders and supported by springs and dampers, has degrees of freedom in the lateral translational and rotational directions. The kinetic, dissipation, and potential energies of the system and the generalized forces associated with the fluid dynamic forces acting on the system, such as inviscid fluid dynamic forces, viscous frictional forces, and form drag, are obtained first. Then the equations of motion are derived in a Lagrangian framework. The principal aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the aerodynamic forces on the dynamics of a high-speed train running in a tunnel, or more generally of a train-like system travelling in a coaxial cylindrical tube. The results of this study show that the system loses stability by flutter and that viscous frictional drag has a considerable effect on stability of the system. In addition, the mechanism of instability of the system is clarified with the aid of a study of the modal shapes and energy considerations.     

粘滞和粘弹性阻尼器减震结构的等效阻尼

利用积分型本构关系,建立了带支撑的一般粘滞和粘弹性阻尼器单自由度耗能结构的微分-积分混合地震响应方程;基于与随机平均分析完全相同的等效准则,推导了可直接应用反应谱的阻尼器的等效刚度和等效阻尼的解析公式;得到了带支撑广义Maxwell阻尼器和广义微分模型阻尼器的等效刚度和等效阻尼的一般结果。通过与一些典型问题的数值计算结果比较,表明了所提方法的有效性。     

阻尼耗能减振框架结构地震作用振动方程求解及地震反应分析Calculation of vibration equation and analysis of seismic response for damping energy dissipation frame structure

研究了设置耗能阻尼器框架的地震作用振动方程求解及该结构的地震反应。框架结构设置耗能阻尼器后,振动方程的阻尼矩阵不再对振型具有正交性,本文对该振动方程给出了状态方程直接积分法,并与传统强制解耦法进行了比较分析,结果表明强制解耦法对结构第一阶振动反应求解偏差较小,而对于高阶振动反应差别较大,并且强制解耦法高估了阻尼器的减震效果。继而采用状态方程直接积分法对设置有粘滞阻尼器的框架结构进行了地震反应分析,探讨了阻尼器位置对框架结构地震反应的影响,结果表明设置有阻尼器的楼层减振效果明显,未设置阻尼器的楼层减振效果差别较大,甚至有可能出现楼层层间侧移增大的现象,由此提出耗能阻尼器应在结构中合理设置。     

Design method for fluid viscous dampers

A basic design method of doubly acting fluid viscous dampers with double guide bars is presented. The flow of the viscoelastic fluid between two parallel plates, one of which is started suddenly and the other of which is still, is analyzed. According to this solution, the velocity and the shear stress of the fluid at the fringe of the piston are solved approximately. A mathematical model of viscous dampers is derived, and the shock test is carried out. From experimental results, the parameters of the mathematical model are determined. Consequently, a semi-empirical design equation is obtained. Applying this equation to a certain practical damper, the damping material is chosen and the physical dimensions of the damper are determined. Shock tests using this damper are performed. Theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental results, which validates the reliability of the calculated physical dimensions of the specimen damper and the validity of the basic design equation. An erratum to this article can be found at     

任意荷载作用下液体粘滞阻尼器在桥梁工程中减震作用探讨

在桥梁工程中，当需要限制梁端的碰撞或过大的相对位移，经常会在梁端设置液体粘滞阻尼器。由于技术原因，液体粘滞阻尼器在桥梁设计中的参数选取基本上是通过全桥模型的地震非线性时程分析得到的。而在寿命期内，桥梁需要承受各种随机荷载，在具有不同力学特性荷载的激励作用下引起梁端纵向大的响应时，液体粘滞阻尼器是否始终起有利的减震作用，一直困扰着其在桥梁工程中的实践。在液体粘滞阻尼器力学特性研究的基础上，通过矩阵变换得到关于阻尼器的局部动力方程，从变形和受力两个方向对此问题进行探讨，得到液体粘滞阻尼器对于梁端的相对位移、相对速度、相对加速度均有减震作用。但不会得出始终对所有构件的受力有利的结论，并进行了验证。     

A comparative study on parameter identification of fluid viscous dampers with different models

Fluid viscous dampers are extensively adopted as efficient and cheap energy dissipation devices in structural seismic protection. If we consider the usefulness of these passive control devices, the exact recognition of their mechanical behavior is of outstanding importance to provide a reliable support to design a very efficient protection strategy. In scientific and technical applications, many different constitutive models have been proposed and adopted till now to represent fluid viscous dampers, with different levels of complexity and accuracy. This paper focuses on parameter identification of fluid viscous dampers, comparing different existing literature models, with the aim to recognize the ability of these models to match experimental loops under different test specimens. The identification scheme is developed evaluating the experimental and the analytical values of the forces experienced by the device under investigation. The experimental force is recorded during the dynamic test, while the analytical one is obtained by applying a displacement time history to the candidate mechanical law. The identification procedure furnishes the device mechanical parameters by minimizing a suitable objective function, which represents a measure of the difference between the analytical and experimental forces. To solve the optimization problem, the particle swarm optimization is adopted, and the results obtained under various test conditions are shown. Some considerations about the agreement of different models with experimental data are furnished, and the sensitivity of identified parameters of analyzed models against the frequency excitation is evaluated and discussed.     

基于ABAQUS的超高层建筑动力弹塑性抗震分析Dynamic elasto-plastic seismic analysis for a super high-rise building based on ABAQUS

某国际金融中心超高层建筑共113层,结构高度423 m。首先,利用S A P2000软件建立结构的有限元模型,通过基于C＃语言开发的导航式接口程序TJU ．SAP2ABAQUS将SAP2000模型转换为 ABAQUS模型。然后,依据规范进行7°多遇、基本和罕遇地震作用下的弹塑性时程分析。最后,模拟了超大震作用下该超高层结构的破坏过程。结果表明,（1）不同强度地震作用下结构的层间位移角均能满足规范限值要求。（2）罕遇地震作用下,结构满足大震不倒的抗震设防要求且有较高的安全储备。（3）超大震作用下,结构竖向刚度变化位置是结构潜在的薄弱部位,在抗震设计时应给予重点关注。     

Analytical investigation of an SDOF building structure equipped with a friction damper

The purpose of this study is to investigate analytically a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) building structure equipped with a friction damper for assessing its vibration control effect. Friction dampers are installed between stories to reduce inter-story displacements of building structures subjected to external loading. They are in general regarded to generate damping forces characterized by Coulomb damping, of which the directions are opposite to the inter-story velocities of building structures. Hence, the building structure model with friction dampers can be represented by a mass-spring-viscous-Coulomb damping system. The building response reduction as a result of damper installation can be provided by observing the damping ratio rather than the friction force contributed by the dampers. Since a large friction damper force is required to attenuate the response of the building due to strong excitation, friction force ratio is directly related to building response reduction, which is the friction force of the damper versus external force. Therefore, damping and friction force ratios are key parameters, playing a main role in selecting an optimal friction damper, which satisfies target response reduction. This study first identifies an SDOF building structure installed with a friction damper for free vibration with initial conditions. A?closed-form expression of normalized displacement is derived in terms of friction force ratio in the time domain. Peak and valley of displacements are also found and then the time when the structure stops is derived with recursive interval number. This study is extended to identify steady-state vibration of the structure by deriving closed-form solution in case of resonance in terms of friction force ratio. Then, the dissipated energy balance is identified for both free and steady-state vibrations. Finally, equivalent viscous damping ratios are derived by using friction force ratio based on dissipated energy balance equation. The derived equations in terms of viscous damping ratio and friction force ratio can provide insight to design a friction damper for reducing structural displacement under external loadings.     

粘滞和粘弹性阻尼器减震结构的随机响应特性

利用积分型本构关系,针对带支撑任意线性粘滞和粘弹性阻尼器单自由度耗能结构,建立了微分和积分混合地震响应方程;基于随机平均分析法,推导出耗能结构振幅与相位瞬态联合概率密度函数、位移与速度瞬态联合概率密度函数、位移与速度瞬态响应方差、振幅动力可靠性、振幅首超时间任意阶统计矩的一般解析解;给出了带支撑广义Maxwell阻尼器和广义微分模型阻尼器耗能结构上述各种随机响应特性,从而建立了带支撑任意线性粘滞和粘弹性阻尼器单自由度减震结构的各种随机响应特性分析的统一解析解法。