磁耦合悬臂梁双稳动力学分析与实验

研究了一个自由端附加小磁铁的悬臂梁在磁力作用下的双稳态动力学行为．首先,利用Hamilton原理和Euler-Bernoulli梁的基本方程建立了系统在非零平衡点处做微幅振动的动力学方程．其次,利用多尺度法对建立的模型进行理论分析,得到悬臂梁在非零平衡点处振动的幅频方程和位移解,并对解进行了稳定性分析．最后,通过建立实验装置,得到悬臂梁不同运动形式下的参数平面分类和悬臂梁在非零平衡点处振动的幅频关系,通过观察系统在非零平衡点处振动的理论预测,实验结果验证了非零平衡点处振动的理论分析的正确性．对照理论、实验和数值结果得到：在不同的外激励幅值和频率作用下,悬臂梁有三种不同的运动形式：在非零平衡点处的微幅振动;大范围往返运动;在两个非零平衡点之间的无规律运动．     

基于分析力学的方位径向摆运动特性研究

方位径向摆的研究对机械工程领域有非常重要的用途,基于此,本文采用分析力学的方法对影响方位径向摆运行轨迹的因素进行了理论和实验研究。理论上通过建立拉格朗日函数,得到此系统的运动微分方程并对方程进行数值求解,实验上通过Tracker软件追踪得到方位径向摆的实际运动轨迹,最终发现理论分析得到的杆长、绳长及其初始位置等参数对方位径向摆运行轨迹的影响与实验结果吻合较好。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF AZIMUTHAL-RADIAL PENDULUM MOTION BASED ON ANALYTICAL MECHANICS1)

方位径向摆的研究对机械工程领域有非常重要的用途,基于此,本文采用分析力学的方法对影响方位径向摆运行轨迹的因素进行了理论和实验研究。理论上通过建立拉格朗日函数,得到此系统的运动微分方程并对方程进行数值求解,实验上通过Tracker 软件追踪得到方位径向摆的实际运动轨迹,最终发现理论分析得到的杆长、绳长及其初始位置等参数对方位径向摆运行轨迹的影响与实验结果吻合较好。     

气动载荷下旋转运动圆板磁弹性主共振分析

基于Kirchhoff薄板理论与哈密顿原理,建立旋转运动导电圆板的磁-气动弹性非线性动力学方程．根据电磁场基本原理得到旋转运动圆板所受电磁力表达式,同时采用一种简化的气动模型以描述作用于板上的气动载荷．基于贝塞尔函数形式振型函数的选取,应用伽辽金法得到旋转圆板的磁气动弹性轴对称非线性振动微分方程．应用多尺度法推导出主共振下系统的幅频响应方程,并依据Lyapunov方法得到系统稳态运动稳定性判据．通过算例,得到周边夹之约束下圆板主共振的幅频特性曲线图,以及振幅随磁感应强度和激励力幅值的变化曲线图;阐述了不同参数对系统共振幅值的影响规律,并对解的稳定性进行了分析．     

三相驱动下含两质量块刚体的平面运动

本文研究了一类含两个质量块的振动驱动系统在粘性摩擦下的平面运动,其中两个内部质量在相互垂直的水平槽道上作三相运动。利用第二类拉格朗日方程,建立了系统的动力学方程;其次,利用系统直线运动时的理论解,验证速度Verlet积分法的可靠性;利用这种算法分析了系统的平面运动,得到了内部驱动参数与系统运动轨迹、运动速度的关系;然后,基于数值分析结果,通过调节内部驱动参数,得到了系统在不同轨迹间的六种转换形式;最后,通过组合不同的转换形式,得到了曲率连续变化的平面运动路径。     

非高斯激励下带附加质量的悬臂梁响应研究

大多数悬臂梁的研究都是基于确定性振动分析或将外部激励假定为高斯过程,鲜少涉及非高斯激励。针对非高斯激励下带附加质量的悬臂梁的响应特征进行研究。首先,通过Lagrange方程建立考虑曲率非线性的悬臂梁振动方程;然后,通过指数多项式闭合法求解结构响应的概率密度函数,并分析了平均到达速率、激励强度及附加质量对结构响应的影响;同时分析了非平稳非高斯激励下非线性结构参数对响应的影响。计算结果表明,指数多项式闭合法与模拟解吻合很好,平均到达速率越大,结构响应的概率密度函数曲线收缩越明显。     

转动刚体上固结悬臂梁系统的动力学数值分析

本文首先用Ｊｏｒｄａｉｎ变分原理建立了转动刚体上固结悬臂梁系统的动力学方程，然后用数值方法分析了转动梁的变形频率，对系统的自由振动、受迫运动及共振现象等仿真结果作出了解释。     

旋转运动导电圆板的磁弹性参数振动分析

针对磁场中旋转运动圆板,在动能、应变能表达式基础上,根据哈密顿原理导出圆板的磁弹性振动方程．应用伽辽金积分法,得到横向磁场中旋转变速运动圆板的轴对称参数振动微分方程．通过坐标变换得到包含两个变系数项的马蒂厄振动方程．应用弗洛凯理论和平均法对系统的参数振动问题进行求解．通过数值计算得到周期稳定图、对应的振动响应特性图和相轨迹图．结果表明：在稳定区域内,系统的幅频曲线呈现为周期或概周期变化形式;在不稳定区内,系统的幅频响应曲线呈现为发散变化形式．     

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运用分段线性系统分析理论,研究了间隙约束的悬臂梁振动系统在简谐激励 下系统稳态响应的动力学行为. 首先建立了间隙约束悬臂梁系统的动态响应分析模型,以传 递函数为基础,推导出系统的动力学分析方程及其求解方法. 然后对系统进行了数值求解分 析,得到了该系统稳态响应随激励幅值、激励频率、间隙接触刚度和阻尼变化的一般规律.     

简谐激励下的双稳态振动能量收集器动力学分析

振动能量收集技术解决了移动电子系统对于电池的依赖。本文设计了一种基于水平摆的双稳态振动能量收集器,建立了其力学模型和动力学方程,借助雅可比矩阵获得了其稳定性条件,使用数值仿真的方法研究了系统响应特性随谐波激励频率与幅值的变化规律。研究发现:双稳态系统在低激励频率下较小的激励幅值也能产生大幅运动;而当频率越高,产生大幅运动所需要的激励幅值也越高;并且当激励频率确定时随着激励幅值的进一步增大,大幅运动的频带变宽。为双稳态振动能量收集器的研究提供理论基础。     

Enhanced damping of a cantilever beam by axial parametric excitation

A uniform cantilever beam under the effect of a time-periodic axial force is investigated. The beam structure is discretized by a finite-element approach. The linearised equations of motion describing the planar bending vibrations of the beam structure lead to a system with time-periodic stiffness coefficients. The stability of the system is investigated by a numerical method based on Floquet’s theorem and an analytical approach resulting from a first-order perturbation. It is demonstrated that the parametrically excited beam structure exhibits enhanced damping properties, when excited near a specific parametric combination resonance frequency. A certain level of the forcing amplitude has to be exceeded to achieve the damping effect. Upon exceeding this value, the additional artificial damping provided to the beam is significant and works best for suppression of vibrations of the first vibrational mode of the cantilever beam.     

低频振动隔离和能量采集双功能超材料

振动隔离和能量采集一体化是一种能够将有害振动隔离并转化为电能收集利用的动力学机制. 本文从局域共振超材料存在低频带隙特性出发, 研究了振动隔离和能量采集双功能超材料的动力学行为. 通过在球型磁腔内放置固接了感应线圈的球摆构成具有能量采集功能的球摆型谐振器, 并将其周期性的放置在基体梁中, 可以将带隙频率范围内的振动聚集在谐振器内, 以实现振动隔离和能量采集双功能. 建立了横向激励下双功能超材料梁的动力学方程, 应用Bloch's定理得到超材料的能带结构, 通过有限元仿真验证了理论模型和研究方法. 研究了不同参数下超材料梁的带隙特性. 进一步将一维拓展到二维, 研究了二维双功能超材料板的振动隔离和能量采集性能. 最后, 设计并建造了振动隔离和能量采集一体化双功能超材料动力学实验平台, 解析、数值和实验结果表明, 在局域共振带隙的频率范围内, 超材料梁主体的振动明显被抑制, 与此同时, 振动被局限在谐振器中, 使采集到的电压达到了最大值. 通过对附加谐振器和没有附加谐振器的能带结构和幅频响应的对比, 发现球摆型谐振器的加入可以在低频范围内形成了一个局域共振带隙, 有效提高了超材料梁在低频处的振动隔离和能量采集性能.      

Imposing nodes for linear structures during harmonic excitations using SMURF method

Vibration absorbers are usually designed using the finite element (FE) model of structures. It is generally believed that the modal models are more accurate than FE models, because in modal testing the model is built by direct measurement of the test structure. In this paper, a method is proposed to design a translational vibration absorber using the measured frequency response functions of a primary structure. The designed vibration absorber imposes a node on the structure when it is excited by a harmonic force. The method is based on the structural modification using experimental frequency response functions technique and determines the required receptance of the absorber at the excitation frequency. Moreover, a procedure is developed to suppress the vibration amplitude of two arbitrary points on a linear structure subjected to harmonic excitations by attaching two sprung mass absorbers. A cantilever beam is considered for the numerical case study, and the sprung masses are designed to suppress the vibration amplitude of the beam at the selected arbitrary points. A U-shape plate was considered for the experimental validation of the method for imposing a node using one absorber. Also, a beam was tested to demonstrate the effectiveness of method for imposing two nodes on the structures. The experimental results show that the designed absorbers can considerably suppress the vibration amplitude at the selected points on the structure.     

Parametric resonance of a single-degree-of-freedom system with double bilinear hysteresis

A simple pendulum with a hinge of double bilinear hysteretic restraining moment-rotation characteristic under parametric excitation is studied. In contrast with a linear system with viscous damping, a double bilinear hysteretic system leads, in general, to finite response under parametric resonance. The response curves and the conditions under which unbounded response results are given. Further, it is shown that unlike the bilinear hysteretic system, a double bilinear hysteretic system may be shock excited into parametric resonance even when the exciting frequency is outside the parametrically resonant frequency range.     

ROBUST CONTROL OF VORTEX-INDUCED VIBRATION OF A RIGID CYLINDER SUPPORTED BY AN ELASTIC BEAM USING μ -SYNTHESIS

For lightweight and flexible structures, it is important to suppress the vibrations induced by interactions between fluid and structures. This paper presents the robust control of the vortex-induced vibration of a rigid circular cylinder supported by an elastic cantilever beam in which the fluid force is considered as an external excitation on the structure. For the problems considered here, the excitation frequency is assumed to be equal to the natural frequency of the structure or the “lock-in” frequency. The natural frequencies of this analytical model are calculated by using the modal analysis method and then modal coordinates are introduced to obtain the state equations of the structural system. A pair of piezoelectric devices fixed under the base plate, on which the elastic beam is clamped, were used as actuators. A robust controller satisfying the nominal performance and robust performance is designed using μ -synthesis theory based on the structured singular value. Simulation and experiment were carried out with the designed controller and the effectiveness of the robust control strategy was verified by both experimental and simulation results.     

Vibration energy harvesting for low frequency using auto-tuning parametric rolling pendulum under exogenous multi-frequency excitations

An electromagnetic parametrically excited rolling pendulum energy harvester with self-tuning mechanisms subject to multi-frequency excitation is proposed and investigated in this paper. The system consists of two uncoupled rolling pendulum. The resonance frequency of each the rolling pendulum can be automatically tuned by adjusting its geometric parameters to access parametric resonance. This harvester can be used to harvest the energy at low frequency. A prototype is developed and evaluated. Its mathematical model is derived. A cam with rolling follower mechanism is employed to generate multi-frequency excitation. An experimental study is conducted to validate the proposed concept. The experimental results are confirmed by the numerical results. The harvester is successfully tuned when the angular velocity of the cam is changed from 1.149 to 1.236 Hz.     

基于碰撞升频的MEMS压电振动能量采集系统

本文提出了一种基于碰撞升频机制的微型压电能量采集系统，由一对共振频率不同的悬臂梁平行叠放组成。在外界低频振动激励下，底部低频S形金属曲梁产生共振，在运动过程中碰撞顶部高频微型压电直梁，从而将低频环境振动转换为高频压电梁的振动，解决了压电直梁的固有频率与外界激励频率不匹配问题，同时提高能量收集的效率。本文建立了悬臂梁受迫振动和碰撞耦合振动的动力学模型，讨论了压电悬臂梁的电压输出特性。通过实验测试了压电能量收集系统和单个压电悬臂梁的开路电压并计算了输出功率，结果表明当振动加速度为1.0 g时，升频式压电能量采集系统在25 Hz的激振下输出功率达到8.6 μW，高于单个压电悬臂梁的最大输出功率。     

Global Bifurcations and Chaotic Dynamics in Nonlinear Nonplanar Oscillations of a Parametrically Excited Cantilever Beam

This paper presents the analysis of the global bifurcations and chaotic dynamics for the nonlinear nonplanar oscillations of a cantilever beam subjected to a harmonic axial excitation and transverse excitations at the free end. The governing nonlinear equations of nonplanar motion with parametric and external excitations are obtained. The Galerkin procedure is applied to the partial differential governing equation to obtain a two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear system with parametric and forcing excitations. The resonant case considered here is 2:1 internal resonance, principal parametric resonance-1/2 subharmonic resonance for the in-plane mode and fundamental parametric resonance–primary resonance for the out-of-plane mode. The parametrically and externally excited system is transformed to the averaged equations by using the method of multiple scales. From the averaged equation obtained here, the theory of normal form is applied to find the explicit formulas of normal forms associated with a double zero and a pair of pure imaginary eigenvalues. Based on the normal form obtained above, a global perturbation method is utilized to analyze the global bifurcations and chaotic dynamics in the nonlinear nonplanar oscillations of the cantilever beam. The global bifurcation analysis indicates that there exist the heteroclinic bifurcations and the Silnikov type single-pulse homoclinic orbit in the averaged equation for the nonlinear nonplanar oscillations of the cantilever beam. These results show that the chaotic motions can occur in the nonlinear nonplanar oscillations of the cantilever beam. Numerical simulations verify the analytical predictions.     

Vibration control of a transversely excited cantilever beam with tip mass

The problem of controlling the vibration of a transversely excited cantilever beam with tip mass is analyzed within the framework of the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. A sinusoidally varying transverse excitation is applied at the left end of the cantilever beam, while a payload is attached to the free end of the beam. An active control of the transverse vibration based on cubic velocity is studied. Here, cubic velocity feedback law is proposed as a devise to suppress the vibration of the system subjected to primary and subharmonic resonance conditions. Method of multiple scales as one of the perturbation technique is used to reduce the second-order temporal equation into a set of two first-order differential equations that govern the time variation of the amplitude and phase of the response. Then the stability and bifurcation of the system is investigated. Frequency–response curves are obtained numerically for primary and subharmonic resonance conditions for different values of controller gain. The numerical results portrayed that a significant amount of vibration reduction can be obtained actively by using a suitable value of controller gain. The response obtained using method of multiple scales is compared with those obtained by numerically solving the temporal equation of motion and are found to be in good agreement. Numerical simulation for amplitude is also obtained by integrating the equation of motion in the frequency range between 1 and 3. The developed results can be extensively used to suppress the vibration of a transversely excited cantilever beam with tip mass or similar systems actively.     

激光激励微型硅悬臂梁的振动特性研究

本文用光学探测方法研究了半导体硅悬臂梁的振动问题;运用基于外差干涉原理的实验装置得到了悬臂梁在激光激励下的振动响应（振动振幅和相位随调制激光频率的变化）;采用等离子波和热弹性波的数学模型,对悬臂梁的振动进行了理论分析;可看到实验与理论模拟结果吻合很好,同时通过分析可得振动相位与调制激光频率的平方根之间有线性关系。关键词词: 光学探测, 硅悬臂梁,振动.