BaTiO_3纳米粉体的制备及结构的光谱表征

采用钛酸丁脂和八水氢氧化钡为原料的溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米BaTiO3粉体。经不同温度烧结,并利用X射线衍射和Raman光谱分析进行结构表征。实验表明,经1073K烧结后粉体粒径为26 2nm,颗粒分布均匀,还有少量BaCO3存在。在这个温度下得到的晶粒主要是立方相,并含有少量的四方相。经1273K烧结后,BaTiO3完全是四方相,粉体粒径为80 0nm,此时BaCO3已完全分解。另外探讨了溶胶-凝胶制备纳米BaTiO3粉体的反应机理,解释了BaTiO3物相的形成。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+δ)超导薄膜

该研究以铋、锶、钙、铜的醋酸盐为起始原料,丙烯酸为添加剂,无水甲醇为溶剂,按照一定的金属离子摩尔比配制了透明清澈的Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+δ)(Bi-2212)前驱溶胶。采用浸渍提拉法在LaAlO_3(LAO)单晶基板上制备Bi-2212凝胶膜,然后在80℃的烘箱中干燥以除去多余的有机溶剂,将干燥后的Bi-2212凝胶膜放入管式炉中进行热处理。实验选取750℃,765℃,780℃,800℃四个晶化温度来探究热处理温度对Bi-2212薄膜晶体结构及性能的影响。结果表明,在780℃制得的Bi-2212薄膜具有双轴织构取向,超导临界转变温度为82K。     

BaMgAl10 O17 ： Eu^2＋的 MgF2表面包覆表面包覆

采用溶胶-凝胶法对蓝色荧光粉BaMgAl10 O17 ： Eu^2＋（BAM）进行表面包膜处理,获得了表面均匀包覆MgF2膜层的BAM荧光粉。并用SEM、XRD和IR手段对其表面形貌、晶格结构性能进行了表征;用EDS对BAM粉体的表面元素进行了定性分析;用荧光光谱测试对荧光粉的发光性能进行了研究。结果表明,在BAM粉体表面均匀包覆MgF2层后,BAM的品格结构,发光性能没有改变,初始亮度较未包覆的荧光粉有所降低,经过相同条件的热处理后,包覆MgF2荧光粉的亮度热衰减程度明显低于未包覆的荧光粉,且色坐标偏移现象不明显。     

BaMgAl_(10)O_(17)∶Eu~(2 )的MgF_2表面包覆(英文)

采用溶胶-凝胶法对蓝色荧光粉BaMgAl10O17∶Eu2 (BAM)进行表面包膜处理,获得了表面均匀包覆MgF2膜层的BAM荧光粉。并用SEM、XRD和IR手段对其表面形貌、晶格结构性能进行了表征;用EDS对BAM粉体的表面元素进行了定性分析;用荧光光谱测试对荧光粉的发光性能进行了研究。结果表明,在BAM粉体表面均匀包覆MgF2层后,BAM的晶格结构,发光性能没有改变,初始亮度较未包覆的荧光粉有所降低,经过相同条件的热处理后,包覆MgF2荧光粉的亮度热衰减程度明显低于未包覆的荧光粉,且色坐标偏移现象不明显。     

前驱溶液的pH值对制备Ca2Zn4Ti16O38:Pr3+,Na+发光粉物相、形貌和发光性质的影响

以钛酸丁酯、醋酸钙、醋酸锌、柠檬酸和乙二醇为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Ca2Zn4Ti16O38:Pr3+,Na+发光粉.研究了前驱溶液的pH值对溶胶-凝胶转变过程、发光粉物相组成、样品形貌和发光性质的影响.通过热重-差热分析(TG/DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对前驱物分解、发光粉物相和颗粒大小进行了研究.采用荧光光谱对材料的光谱性质进行了表征.研究发现前驱溶液pH≤3时,所得发光粉样品为蓬松的、颗粒均匀的单相Ca2Zn4Ti16O38粉末,红色余辉时间较长;随着pH值增大,逐渐有杂质相TiO2、CaTiO3和Zn2TiO4生成,并且样品颗粒逐渐变大,颗粒团聚呈现不规则形状,余辉时间变短.结果表明,只有在pH≤3条件下以溶胶-凝胶法制备Ca2Zn4Ti16O38:Pr3+,Na+发光粉下才能获得被日光有效激发,并呈现余辉衰减慢的红色长余辉(644 nm)发光.     

前驱粉末对（Bi，Pb）-2223／Ag超导带材临界电流密度的影响

采用双相粉工艺即分别制备出2212粉末和（Ca2CuO3＋CuO）粉末，将它们分别热处理后，按照2223比例混合均匀，分别在四个不同温度下（800℃，815℃，830℃，845℃）进行了10h的烧结，并采用PIT技术制备出37芯超导带材．通过X射线衍射、SEM观察和临界电流的测试，分析了粉末不同烧结温度对（Bi，Pb）-2223／Ag超导带材临界电流密度的影响．结果表明：采用不同的前驱粉末制备的带材具有不同的临界电流密度，最佳的前驱粉末最终烧结温度是830℃左右．     

CuO/γ-Al2O3催化吸附剂脱硝性能研究

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备CuO/γ-Al2O3催化吸附剂颗粒.分析表明:SO2的存在可以提高CuO/γ-Al2O3催化吸附剂的脱硝活性,SO2存在条件下,CuO/γ-Al2O3催化吸附剂的脱硝活性在载铜量8wt%时达到最高,达到95.7%.载铜量太高会使单位质量催化剂NO脱除率降低.在350℃时,硫酸盐化和未硫酸盐化的8wt%Cu催化吸附剂NO脱除率达到最高.NH3/NO摩尔比在1～1.2之间时,CuO/γ-Al2O3催化吸附剂的脱硝活性较高.     

Bi2212相插层化合物的制备及其应用

我们通过气相输运插层化合反应成功制备了高温超导Bi2212相的碘插层化合物Ix Bi2212，进而制备出碘化汞插层化合物（HgI2）xBi2212．在此基础上，对碘化汞插层化合物（HgI2）xBi2212在丙酮溶液中进行超声剥落，成功制备出了高温超导Bi2212相的纳米粉体．我们对样品进行了表征，并就样品制备技术过程和纳米Bi2212相粉体的应用作了讨论．     

热处理条件对双粉工艺中Bi—2212粉末的相组成影响

实验研究了Bi-2212粉末在空气，8％O2和纯O2种处理的相组成特征，指出通过改变热处理温度和气氛可控制前驱粉中对2223成相影响较大的(Bi，Pb)-2212相，Ca2PbO4相，2201相和14：24AEC等相。     

BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+的MgF2表面包覆

采用溶胶-凝胶法对蓝色荧光粉BaMgAl10O17:Eu2 (BAM)进行表面包膜处理,获得了表面均匀包覆MgF2膜层的BAM荧光粉.并用SEM、XRD和IR手段对其表面形貌、晶格结构性能进行了表征;用EDS对BAM粉体的表面元素进行了定性分析;用荧光光谱测试对荧光粉的发光性能进行了研究.结果表明,在BAM粉体表面均匀包覆MgF2层后,BAM的晶格结构,发光性能没有改变,初始亮度较未包覆的荧光粉有所降低,经过相同条件的热处理后,包覆MgF2荧光粉的亮度热衰减程度明显低于未包覆的荧光粉,且色坐标偏移现象不明显.     

铋系超导前驱粉末的制备工艺评述

前驱粉末装管法(PIT)是目前铋系高温超导带材制备的主要方法．要工程化生产超导带材，需要运行成本低，产品质量高，生产批量大，稳定可靠的粉末生产工艺．由于铋系超导前驱粉末特性，在带材制备过程中具有的重要影响，使得国内外非常重视制备高性能的超导前驱粉末．不同的粉末具有不同的化学成分、相组成和形貌粒度，这取决于采用的起始公称化学成分，制备方法，和后处理烧结工艺．本就铋系超导体的主要的制粉方法，进行了较为详细的讨论、评述，并提出了适合于工程化制备铋系前驱体粉末的工艺路线，认为喷雾热解法制备超导前驱粉末将有利于铋系超导线材批量化的实现．     

Crystal orientation in Bi-based superconducting glass-ceramics prepared in high magnetic field

A high magnetic field of 10 T was applied to the crystallization process of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_x superconducting precursor glasses, and the effect of high magnetic field on crystal grain orientations and superconducting properties were examined from electrical resistivity measurements, X-ray diffraction analyses and scanning electron microscope observations. The glass-ceramics prepared in a high magnetic field show better superconducting properties (higher critical temperature, larger critical current density, and smaller normal-state resistivity) compared with the samples crystallized in a normal heat-treatment with no magnetic field. It was found that Bi2212 crystal grains with a plate-like shape tend to stack to the direction of the magnetic field, i.e., the orientation of the c-axis of the Bi2212 phase to the direction of the magnetic field.     

Effect of symmetry distortions on photoelectron selection rules and spectra of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta

We derive photoelectron selection rules along the glide plane in orthorhombic Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi2212). These selection rules explain the reversed intensity behavior of the shadow and the main band of the material as a natural consequence of the variating representation of the final state as a function of k(parallel). Our one-step simulations strongly support the structural origin of the shadow band but we also introduce a scenario for detecting antiferromagnetic signatures in low doping.     

Synthesis of corundum structure ITO nanocrystals by hydrothermal process at low pressure and low temperature

The corundum structures of In₂O₃:Sn (ITO) nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal processing of InCl₃ and SnCl₄·5H₂O precursor at low temperature of 250 °C and 40 bar pressure for 3 h. The precursor was precipitated in a white gel of InOOH. After drying at 150 °C in air, it was crystallized in orthorhombic structure. InOOH powder was transformed into dark-gray rhombohedral In₂O₃ by sintering at 420 °C in forming gas for 1 h. The samples were characterized by means of XRD, SEM, and TEM. The particle size of the resulted ITO powder was about 32 nm.     

Cathodoluminescence characterization of ZnO:Te microstructures obtained with ZnTe and TeO2 doping precursors

ZnTe- and TeO₂-doped ZnO nanostructures and microstructures were obtained by a vapour–solid process by sintering compacted ZnO powder mixed with each precursor. Cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements show that if TeO₂ is used, then the defect band, due mainly to O vacancies (V _O), tends to reduce and even disapear, which indicates that Te reacts with ZnO and passivates the O vacancies better than if ZnTe is used as a precursor. With both precursors, a CL peak at about 3.08–3.17 eV, which overlaps with that of ZnO at about 3.26 eV, indicates that ZnTe_xO_1−x forms.     

Fabrication of Tl_2Ba_2CaCu_2O_8 superconducting films without thallium pellets

A new improved two-step method in fabricating Tl_2Ba_2 CaCu_2O_8(Tl-2212) thin films is presented in this paper. In the first process of dc magnetron sputtering, the thallium content in the precursor film is largely increased by adjusting the ratio of thallium in the sputtering targets. After the second annealing process in the absence of additional thallium pellets or powder source, high-quality Tl-2212 thin films can be obtained. The proper content of thallium in the precursor film provides a relatively stable atmosphere to guarantee the growth of Tl-2212 film. This method avoids the repeated production of the thallium pellets in the post-annealing process, the repeatability and controllability of the experiment are greatly improved. X-ray diffraction(XRD) scans show that all of the sharp peaks of the sample films can be assigned to the(00 l) peaks of Tl-2212 phase. The highest superconducting critical temperature(Tc) of the films is 105 K and the critical current density(Jc) can achieve 1.93 MA/cm2 in zero magnetic field at 77 K for a 600 nm film.     

Influence of Precursor Powder Fabrication Methods on the Superconducting Properties of Bi-2223 Tapes

Bi-2223 precursor powders are prepared by both oxalate co-precipitation(CP) and spray pyrolysis(SP) methods.The influence of fabrication methods on the superconducting properties of Bi-2223 tapes are systematically studied. Compared to the CP method, SP powder exhibits spherical particle before calcination and smaller particle size after calcinations with more uniform chemical composition, which leads to a lower reaction temperature during calcination process for Bi-2223 tapes. Meanwhile, the non-superconducting phases in SP powder are more uniformly distributed with smaller particle sizes. These features result in finer homogeneity of critical current in large-length of Bi-2223 tape, higher density of filaments and better texture after heat treatment. Therefore,the SP method could be considered as a better route to prepare precursor powder for large-length Bi-2223 tape fabrication.     

The crystallographic symmetries of single BaPb1−xBixO3 crystals grown from BaCO3-PbO2-Bi2O3 solutions

Single crystals of Perovskite-type oxide BaPb_1−xBi_xO₃ are grown from BaCO₃-PbO₂-Bi₂O₃ solutions which are weighed in two kinds of mixing ratios: X/2 mol % BaCO₃ − (100−X) mol % PbO₂ − X/2 mol % Bi₂O₃ and (10+X/2) mol % BaCO₃ − (90−X) mol % PbO₂ − X/2 mol % Bi₂O₃ These room temperature crystal structures are examined by using an X-ray powder diffraction method. The crystals grown from X/2−(100−X)−X/2 mol % solutions are orthorhombic at room temperature, while the structures are tetragonal with crystals grown from relatively Ba rich and Pb poor ( (10+X/2)−(90−X)−X/2 mol % ) solutions. This result indicates that the difference in the mixing ratio of the initial materials brings about a drastic structural change. The orthorhombic and the tetragonal crystals of x0.25 exhibit superconducting transition at 10K and 12K, respectively. The transition temperature in the latter is 2K higher than the former. In the light of this result, some difference between orthorhombic and tetragonal crystals is considered to influence superconductivity in this system.     

The stability of Na-doped Bi2(NbCr)O7−x pyrochlores: The non-existence of “(BiNa)(NbCr)O6”

We show that the pyrochlore described as “(BiNa)(NbCr)O₆” is in fact a non-stoichiometric pyrochlore with an approximate composition of (Bi_1.33Na_0.67)(Nb_1.33Cr_0.67)O_7−x. Refinement of this structure using constant wavelength powder neutron diffraction data reveals the presence of vacancies in the anion sites coupled with displacive disorder of the Bi and Na cations. This is necessary to achieve a satisfactory bonding arrangement for both the Bi and Na cations that occupy the pyrochlore A-type sites. Attempts to prepare other pyrochlores in the series Bi_2−xNa_x(NbCr)O₆ were unsuccessful and it appears that the pyrochlore is only stable only over a very narrow composition range. The structure of the pure Bi pyrochlore Bi₂(NbCr)O₇ is also described.     

Doping dependent metal to insulator transition in the (Bi,Pb)-2212 system: The evolution of structural and electronic properties with europium substitution

The present work investigates the effect of europium substitution on the(Bi,Pb)-2212 system in the concentration range 0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.0.Phase analysis and lattice parameter calculations on the powder diffraction data and the elemental analysis of EDX show that the Eu atoms are successfully substituted into the(Bi,Pb)-2212 system.Resistivity measurements(64-300 K) reveal that the system exhibits superconductivity at x ≤ 0.5 and semiconductivity at x > 0.5.With the complete suppression of superconductivity which is known to be a quasi-two dimensional phenomenon in these materials,a metal to insulator transition takes place at x = 0.6 and the predominant conduction mechanism is found to be variable range hopping between localized states,resulting in macroscopic semiconducting behaviour.The results of electrical and structural properties of the doped(Bi,Pb)-2212 compounds suggest that the decrease of charge carrier concentration and the induced structural disorder are the more effective and dominant mechanisms in the origin of the metal to insulator transition and suppression of superconductivity due to Eu substitution at its Sr site.