Directional variation adaptive image resolution enhancement

The goal of image interpolation is to produce a high-resolution image from its low-resolution counterpart. It has significant applications in video sensor network, where the resolution of images usually needs to be enhanced at the end user due to the limited transmission bandwidth. The key challenge of image interpolation is to preserve the edge structure of the image. In this paper, a new image interpolation approach is proposed to adaptively adjust the interpolation according to the directional variations of images. More specifically, at each pixel position to be interpolated, its neighboring pixels are projected onto 1D direction according to a number of proposed patterns. Then the direction, of which the variation is smallest, is chosen as the direction to perform image interpolation. Experimental results are provided to show that the proposed approach outperforms several conventional edge-directed image interpolation algorithms.     

基于多次成像的分辨率提高算法研究

在数字成像快速发展的今天,对CCD的分辨约有着越来越高的要求,文中提出了一种新的提高CCD成像分辨率的算法,利用多幅有相对位移的低分辨率图像,通过一定的计算,合成后得到分辨率较高的图像.由于算法与硬件无关,即独立于设备,所以无论CCD硬件发展到如何先进的水平,该算法都有其应用价值的.     

Quantitative characterization of holographic displays based on liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator

This report discusses the effect of speckle size on the quality of holographic images based on a liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCoS) spatial light modulator (SLM). Further, it proposes methods of quantifying the average speckle size and holographic image resolution. These methods enable both characteristics to be compared using the same unit (the number of pixels in the holographic image), providing an intuitive and effective comparative analysis method. In particular, by varying the LCoS resolution ratio, the change in the resolvable minimum pixels of the holographic image is interpreted in conjunction with the average speckle size; moreover, an analysis of the correlation between the latter two is presented. This approach, based on LCoS resolution division, could provide useful insights into single-SLM-based, full-color holographic displays using space division. Furthermore, it could be extended to other components, including more advanced LCoS SLMs, and used to identify the relative effects on image quality with speckles.     

利用匹配区域的纹理特征改善重构三维图像的视觉质量

研究了计算机重构三维图像时分辨率低的问题,提出一种改善3D计算机全景重构图像的视觉质量的方法,该方法利用3D空间的物体部分在每个元素图像中形成的匹配区域的纹理特征,从两个相邻的元素图像中的匹配区域提取出多个像素,经过加权计算重构出相应的图像区域.该方法与传统的计算机重构方法相比,提高了图像分辨率,同时也消除了从每个元素图像中提取多个像素直接重构图像时存在的"像素块"效应,改善了重构图像的视觉质量.     

Multifocus image fusion scheme using focused region detection and multiresolution

To solve the fusion problem of the multifocus images of the same scene, a novel algorithm based on focused region detection and multiresolution is proposed. In order to integrate the advantages of spatial domain-based fusion methods and transformed domain-based fusion methods, we use a technique of focused region detection and a new fusion method of multiscale transform (MST) to guide pixel combination. Firstly, the initial fused image is acquired with a novel multiresolution image fusion method. The pixels of the original images, which are similar to the corresponding initial fused image pixels, are considered to be located in the sharply focused regions. By this method, the initial focused regions can be determined, and the techniques of morphological opening and closing are employed for post-processing. Then the pixels within the focused regions in each source image are selected as the pixels of the fused image; meanwhile, the initial fused image pixels which are located at the focused border regions are retained as the pixels of the final fused image. The fused image is then obtained. The experimental results show that the proposed fusion approach is effective and performs better in fusing multi-focus images than some current methods.     

Biological image processing via Chaotic Differential Search and lateral inhibition

In this paper, we propose a hybrid biological image processing approach, which is based on Chaotic Differential Search (CDS) algorithm and lateral inhibition (LI) mechanism. We named this hybrid biological image processing approach as LI-CDS. Differential Search (DS) algorithm is a new bio-inspired optimization algorithm mimicking the migration behavior of an organism, and has been successfully used for solution of coordinate system transformation. The property of chaotic variable is integrated into DS to improve its search strategy so that it can escape from the local optimum. Furthermore, lateral inhibition mechanism, which is verified to have good effects on image edge extraction and image enhancement, is employed to pre-process images involved. In this hybrid biological image processing mechanism, our proposed LI-CDS method incorporates both advantages of chaos theory and lateral inhibition mechanism. Series of comparative experimental results by using LI-CDS, DS, CDS and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) demonstrate that the proposed LI-CDS performs better than the other three methods.     

基于多任务卷积神经网络的红外与可见光多分辨率图像融合

红外与可见光图像融合一直是图像领域研究的热点,融合技术能弥补单一传感器的不足,为图像理解与分析提供良好的成像基础。因生产工艺以及成本的限制,红外探测器的分辨率远低于可见光探测器,并在一定程度上因源图像分辨率的差异阻碍了实际应用。针对红外与可见光图像分辨率不一致的问题,提出了用于红外图像超分辨率重建与融合的多任务卷积网络框架,应用于多分辨率图像融合。在网络结构方面,首先设计了双通道网络分别提取红外与可见光特征,使算法不受源图像分辨率的限制;其次提出了特征上采样模块,先用双线性插值方法增加像素个数,再通过多层感知器精细化拟合像素平滑空间与高频空间的映射关系,无需重新训练模型即可实现任意尺度的红外图像上采样;接着将线性注意力引入网络,学习特征空间位置间的非线性关系,抑制无关信息并增强网络对全局信息的表达。在损失函数方面,提出了梯度损失,保留红外与可见光图像中绝对值较大的滤波器响应值,并计算该值与重建的融合图像响应值的Frobenius范数,无需理想的融合图像作为真值监督网络学习就能生成融合图像;此外,在梯度损失、像素损失的共同作用下对多任务模型进行优化,可以同时重建融合图像和高分辨率红外图像...     

基于双阈值canny均衡化算法的太赫兹图像增强

存在于微波与远红外之间的太赫兹波,因其无损害,稳定性高等独特性质使太赫兹光谱与成像技术在近几年来得到了迅猛的发展。太赫兹波独有的无损伤检测特性,在安全检测方面具有良好的发展前景,获得广大学者的研究和关注。经过太赫兹成像系统获得的太赫兹图像,虽然可以识别出隐藏的武器或其他金属制品,但是太赫兹图像的对比度和清晰度均较差,不能完全符合人眼的视觉效果,也不利于机器识别。目前,对太赫兹图像质量的提高和改善,成为太赫兹成像技术长远发展和广泛应用的关键问题。实验采用太赫兹波投射式成像系统对藏于物体中的金属心型吊坠和金属箭头进行成像,扫描步长0.5 mm,由于太赫兹光源大,能量起伏等系统缺陷,以及外部环境的复杂与干扰,导致成像所得图像均有背景噪声严重,边界模糊等问题,成像质量较差。提出一种基于双阈值的canny均衡化太赫兹图像增强算法,根据太赫兹图像自身性质限制,确定阈值和对图像均衡化的范围,实现图像降噪并引入双阈值canny算法和梯度幅值算法,使图像的对比度和清晰得到整体提高,并保留和突出太赫兹图像的细节信息,获得高分辨率、边缘清晰的图像。实验表明该算法对太赫兹图像具有良好的降噪效果,能够保留图像细节信息,图像对比度和图像质量得到增强和提高,同时增强了太赫兹成像技术对隐藏缺陷或隐藏物体的辨别能力和透视能力,为其在安检应用方面提供必要保证。     

A simple quality evaluation method of binary images based on Border Distance

An objective quality evaluation method of binary images is proposed. A new distance measurement, Border Distance, is designed to show the location effects of modified pixel. The quality evaluation of binary image based on Border Distance considers the image resolution and the Border Distance between the modified pixels and the border. Experimental results show that the proposed method well matches the human visual perception.     

基于RBF神经网络的图像融合复原方法研究

提出了一种基于径向基函数（RBF）神经网络的多通道图像数据融合复原方法,研究了该方法在多光谱图像复原上的应用.将软竞争学习策略和自适应调整隐节点相结合对网络进行优化训练.利用多光谱卫星图像数据,对所提出的方法进行仿真实验.实验结果表明：该融合复原方法提高了复原图像的质量;改进后的学习算法能够保证学习准确度和较短的训练时间;实验还表明RBF神经网络的多通道复原和单通道复原、传统的维纳滤波及最大后验概率方法相比,在改善图像像质上具有明显的优越性.     

卷积稀疏表示图像融合与超分辨率联合实现

为避免图像融合与超分辨率分步实现的不足,提出了基于卷积稀疏表示的融合与超分辨率重建联合实现方法。假设低分辨率与高分辨率图像之间具有相同的稀疏特征图,设计了一种高、低分辨率滤波器联合学习框架,实现对图像高低频成分的分离,并根据不同成分的形态特性设计了不同的融合规则:对于高频成分,根据稀疏特征图亮度信息和像素活跃性水平,设计了一种像素显著性度量方案来指导高频特征图的融合;对于低频成分,根据脉冲耦合神经网络能捕获邻域相似像素点火的特性,设计了低频成分融合方法。所提方法不需要将图像分割成重叠的块,避免块向量化的缺陷。实验结果表明,能有效提高图像融合的质量。     

Saliency adaptive super-resolution image reconstruction

A saliency-based approach is proposed in this paper to perform super-resolution image reconstruction, with the aim to produce a higher-resolution image based on its low-resolution counterparts. The proposed approach adaptively adjusts the degree of regularization using the saliency measure of the local content of the image. Furthermore, a gradient-based criterion is proposed to measure the saliency of the image. Experiments are conducted to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach.     

Impact of dynamical scattering on quantitative contrast for aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope images

Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope images taken under optimum-defocus conditions or processed offline can correctly reflect the projected crystal structure with atomic resolution. However, dynamical scattering, which will seriously influence image contrast, is still unavoidable. Here, the multislice image simulation approach was used to quantify the impact of dynamical scattering on the contrast of aberration-corrected images for a 3C-SiC specimen with changes in atomic occupancy and thickness. Optimum-defocus images with different spherical aberration (C_S) coefficients, and structure images restored by deconvolution processing, were studied. The results show that atomic-column positions and the atomic occupancy for SiC ‘dumbbells’ can be determined by analysis of image contrast profiles only below a certain thickness limit. This limit is larger for optimum-defocus and restored structure images with negative C_S coefficient than those with positive C_S coefficient. The image contrast of C (or Si) atomic columns with specific atomic occupancy changes differently with increasing crystal thickness. Furthermore, contrast peaks for C atomic columns overlapping with neighboring peaks of Si atomic columns with varied Si atomic occupancy, which is enhanced with increasing crystal thickness, can be neglected in restored structure images, but the effect is substantial in optimum-defocus images.     

基于多相组重建的航空图像超分辨率算法

为提高航空图像的空间分辨率, 提出一种基于多相组重建的超分辨率算法. 融合图像间的互补信息, 将多帧低分辨率图像作为图像基, 参考帧分解为多相组, 利用差异采样特性构建图像基与参考帧之间的的多相组线性关系重建得到高分辨率图像的多项组, 经图像多相分解逆变换获得融合的高分辨率图像. 根据该融合图像的局部内容和结构信息自适应调整控制核核函数, 应用改进的控制核回归算法去除图像模糊和噪声得到清晰的超分辨率图像. 与传统算法相比, 该算法无需图像配准和迭代过程, 计算效率极大地提高. 实验结果表明, 本文算法能够有效提高航空图像的空间分辨率, 在定量评价指标和主观视觉效果方面都有显著提高.     

基于灰度冗余图像融合增强研究

为了改善原图像直方图像素灰度分布集中于低灰度级,与经过常规直方图均衡化处理的图像直方图像素灰度分布集中于高灰度级且均具有灰度冗余的图像增强效果,提出了一种新的图像增强算法.对原始图像进行常规直方图均衡处理,并对原始图像与进行了常规直方图均衡处理的图像分别在尽可能大的范围内进行映射,使两者变换后都尽可能去除灰度冗余而有较大的动态范围.取变换后的两图像各自的优点,融合成一幅效果最好的图像.实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性.     

小型线形可变滤光片分光的可见成像光谱仪及其特性研究

本文设计了一种使用线形可变干涉滤光片的小型成像光谱仪。使用CCD摄像头作图像传感器，通过微动平台带动线形可变干涉滤光片，横向扫描通过面阵CCD的每个像元，每扫描一步所得到的总体图像中不同列的像元是由不同波长的单色部分像元组成，随着扫描步进，这些单色部分像元的波长随之变化，最后采用图像重构的文教是到一系列单色图像（或见光波段400－700mm）。扫描间隔由所需的单色图像的光谱分辨率和各单色图像间的波长间隔来确定。经过试验证明，此成像光谱仪充分利用了线型干涉滤光片的性能，其光谱分辨率为16nm，同后者的光谱带宽相差无几，仪器的空间分辨率由成像系统和CCD来确定，论仪器装置具有结构简单，高空间分辨率，较主光谱分辨率，扫描速度快等特点，通过一个伪装识别试验，验证了仪器的性能指标。     

Data field-based transition region extraction and thresholding

Thresholding is a popular image segmentation method that converts a gray level image into a binary image. In this paper, we propose a data field-based method for transition region extraction and thresholding, which involves three major steps, including generating the image data field, deriving the transition region by comparing the potential values, and calculating the threshold from the transition region. Image data field can effectively represent the spatial interactions of neighborhood pixels, and its potential value is a more robust measurement for the gray level change. In addition, we introduce a fully automatic scheme for parameters selection. The approach is validated both quantitatively and qualitatively. Compared with existing relative methods on a variety of synthetic and real images, with or without noisy, the experimental results suggest that the presented method is efficient and effective.     

热成像系统图像处理电路的新进展

国外一流热成像厂商均研制了适宜其产品应用的新型高性能图像处理电路。选取了5套具有代表性的国外高性能处理电路,对其硬件设计构架、实现功能、以及对外接口三方面进行了对比分析。这些高性能处理电路的主要特点有:电路功能分模拟转换和数字处理两部分;数字处理电路以大规模FPGA为处理核心,并配以大量存储器,且广泛应用FPGA中的嵌入式核;在具备基本使用功能的基础上,继续在非均匀校正以及图像增强两个方向,应用效果更佳的算法;处理电路通常具备扩展能力;处理图像分辨率大于等于640×512像素;模拟视频采用VGA接口等。     

Infrared image enhancement with learned features

Due to the variation of imaging environment and limitations of infrared imaging sensors, infrared images usually have some drawbacks: low contrast, few details and indistinct edges. Hence, to promote the applications of infrared imaging technology, it is essential to improve the qualities of infrared images. To enhance image details and edges adaptively, we propose an infrared image enhancement method under the proposed image enhancement scheme. On the one hand, on the assumption of high-quality image taking more evident structure singularities than low-quality images, we propose an image enhancement scheme that depends on the extractions of structure features. On the other hand, different from the current image enhancement algorithms based on deep learning networks that try to train and build the end-to-end mappings on improving image quality, we analyze the significance of first layer in Stacked Sparse Denoising Auto-encoder and propose a novel feature extraction for the proposed image enhancement scheme. Experiment results prove that the novel feature extraction is free from some artifacts on the edges such as blocking artifacts, “gradient reversal”, and pseudo contours. Compared with other enhancement methods, the proposed method achieves the best performance in infrared image enhancement.     

Robust image encryption by combined use of integral imaging and pixel scrambling techniques

A robust image encryption method by using the integral imaging and pixel scrambling (PS) techniques is proposed. In this method, pixels of the cover image are scrambled with the PS technique and elemental images for this scrambled image are picked up through a lenslet array. Subsequently, an encrypted image is obtained by scrambling these picked-up elemental images. Since this encrypted image has the hologram-like property of data redundancy resulted from the integral imaging scheme, while it can as well be decoded by multiple keys such as the orders of pixel scrambling and the pickup conditions of the elemental images, its security against the various attacks could be dramatically improved. Good experimental results also confirm that the proposed method could provide more enhanced robustness against data loss and Gaussian noises compared to the conventional methods.