点衍射干涉系统光学结构参数优化研究

采用时域有限差分方法,在分析点衍射波前误差的前提下,讨论了点衍射干涉系统中物镜数值孔径、针孔尺寸、检测的数值孔径对衍射光强的影响;逐步优化光学结构参数,得到不同光学结构参数之间的匹配数值表;通过比较点衍射干涉系统和Zygo干涉仪对球面镜的测量结果,得到测量面形误差的均方根之差为波长的1/1000,且获得的干涉条纹具有合适的对比度和亮度,验证了光学结构参数选择的合理性。     

点衍射干涉仪中小孔衍射波面误差分析

针孔或光纤直径的大小是影响点衍射干涉仪检测精度的重要因素,在实际检测中须根据检测任务的精度要求来选择小孔的尺寸.基于标量衍射理论,仿真计算了小孔尺寸引起的衍射波面相对标准球面偏离的误差.结果表明,当小孔直径为2.5μm,数值孔径(NA)为0.3时,与小孔有关的光学系统误差峰值(PV)约为0.07 nm.仿真方法和计算结果为针对各种高精度面形检测任务而设计点衍射干涉仪和分析其精度提供了理论和数据参考.     

基于复合干涉的光纤低相干干涉传感系统研究

研究一种能够进行远程及绝对测量的光纤低相干干涉传感系统。该系统包含两个光纤干涉仪,其中一个光纤干涉仪置于被测场中感应被测量的变化,可实现远程测量;另一个光纤干涉仪解调被测量的值。运用波分复用技术,使用于解调的光纤干涉仪同时工作于低相干干涉和高相干干涉状态。用低相干干涉信号决定被测量的幅值,对被测量实现绝对测量,并使测量量程不受波长限制;同时,用高相干干涉信号对被测量进行高精度的测量。系统的测量量程为6mm,测量分辨率小于1nm,位移实验结果的线性相关系数R为0.99。     

Measurements of Key Parameters for Birefringent Single-Mode Optical Fibers by Optical Frequency-Domain Interferometry

This Letter describes measurements of modal birefringence (MB) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) of a birefringent single-mode optical fiber for use at 1.5 #x03BC;m in optical wavelength. Optical frequency-domain interferometry based on a fixed analyzer method is applied to the measurement of orthogonal polarization components of light guided in the fiber. An amplified spontaneous emission source having an optical wavelength range between 1520 and 1560 nm is used. A channeled interference spectrum is obtained to measure MB and PMD in turn. These two parameters are not frequency-dependent in the above optical wavelength range and MB = 4.0 #x00D7; 10^#x2212;4 and PMD = 1.33 ps/m are obtained.     

多参量同时测量的干涉型光纤传感器

提出用椭圆纤芯高双折射光纤偏振干涉和双模干涉结合的四参量以及双模干涉的多参量同时测量的传感理论和实验原理，对交叉灵敏度作了分析，同时给出了误差分析，并结合理论模型对灵敏度矩阵的状态作了粗略估计。     

白光干涉偏振模耦合分布式光纤传感器分析

分布式光纤传感器能够测量沿光纤长度上连续分布的外界量。用保偏光纤作为传感光纤的分布式光纤传感器,被测外界量引起保偏光纤中传播的两正交偏振模的相互耦合。用迈克尔逊干涉仪两臂光程差来补偿两个偏振模的光程差的方法探测传感信号。为了设计白光干涉偏振模耦合分布式传感器,根据统计光学原理分析了传感器的互相干特性。在此基础上分析了传感器的空间分辨力、光纤耦合点分辨力、最大传感光纤长度。波长1310nm、谱宽36nm的超辐射发光二极管(SLD)作光源．用色散参量为600ps／km,拍长3mm的保偏光纤的分布传感器空间分辨力和光纤耦合点分辨力分别为6cm和3mm。     

基于重采样技术的调频连续波激光绝对测距高精度及快速测量方法研究

调频连续波激光测距方法可以实现高精度的大尺寸绝对距离测量, 且测量过程无需合作目标, 在大空间坐标精密测量领域有很高的研究价值. 而如何提高测量分辨率和实用化一直是近年来调频连续波激光绝对测距研究的热点. 本文研究了调频连续波激光测距的原理, 基于双光路调频连续波激光测距系统, 提出了通过信号拼接提高测量分辨率的信号处理优化方案, 该方案可以提高测距分辨率, 且可以降低对激光器的性能要求; 提出了可实现高速测量的简易测量方法. 设计加工了双光路光纤调频连续波激光测距系统, 利用该系统进行了测距分辨率及测距误差标定实验, 实验结果表明: 优化方案可以有效地提高测量分辨率和测量效率, 在26 m测量范围内, 测距分辨率达到了50 μm, 测距误差不超过100 μm; 快速测量方案有较高实用价值.     

Improvement of measurement range of optical fiber displacement sensor based on neutral network

By studying the output characteristics of random type optical fiber displacement sensor and semicircular type optical fiber displacement sensor, a sensor of new structure was designed. Using the ratio of the two output signals as the output of the whole system, the measurement range was enlarged, the linearity was improved, and the errors of reflective and absorbent changing in target surface are automatically compensated. Meantime, an optical fiber sensor model of correcting static error and linearizing the output curve based on BP artificial neural network was set up. The intrinsic errors such as fluctuations in the light, circuit excursion, the intensity losses in the fiber lines and the additional losses in the receiving fiber caused by bends were eliminated. By discussing in theory and experiment, the error of nonlinear is 2.9%, the measurement range reaches to 3.0 mm and the relative accuracy is 2%. This kind of sensor offers such advantages as no electromagnetic interference, simple construction, high sensitivity, good accuracy and stability.     

Measurement of fiber chromatic dispersion using spectral interferometry with modulation of dispersed laser pulses

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a method for fiber dispersion measurement based on the modulation of laser pulses stretched by the fiber under test. The measured spectrum of the modulated pulses is the result of the interference between the stretched pulse spectra shifted by the modulation harmonics. The interference pattern is processed as in Fourier transform spectral interferometry. Unlike to conventional spectral interferometry, environmental conditions do not affect the interferogram due to the lack of any interferometer; additionally, large dispersions can be characterized by the method proposed. Its high accuracy is demonstrated in experimental comparison with the widely used phase shift technique.     

基于无芯-少模-无芯光纤结构的温度传感特性研究北大核心CSCD

提出了一种基于无芯-少模-无芯光纤结构的温度传感器,对传感器进行了理论分析和实验研究。该传感器将无芯光纤(coreless fiber,CLF)与少模光纤(few-mode fiber,FMF)同轴熔接,构建无芯-少模-无芯的光纤结构,结构两端熔接单模(single mode fiber,SMF)光纤作为输入输出光纤,第1段无芯光纤与单模光纤的模式失配起到激发高阶模的作用,少模光纤中的LP01与LP11两种模式沿少模光纤纤芯传输,在第2段无芯光纤的作用下LP01与LP11两种模式重新耦合回单模光纤,LP01与LP11两种模式发生干涉,形成干涉光谱。当外界温度变化时,两种模式的光程差发生变化,干涉光谱的干涉波谷发生漂移,选取2个不同的干涉波谷作为特征波长,进行实验分析。实验结果表明:波长在1550 nm和1534 nm附近的干涉谷均发生红移,相应的温度灵敏度分别为68 pm/℃和44.5 pm/℃。该传感结构制作简单、灵敏度高,有很好的应用前景。     

Measurement of surface figure of plane optical surfaces with polarization phase-shifting Fizeau interferometer

A Fizeau interferometer based set up for measurement of surface forms of plane optical surfaces has been discussed. Phase shifting interferometry has been applied using polarization phase shifter. A linearly polarized (632.8 nm) He–Ne laser has been used as the source. Light reflected from the object and the reference/master surfaces are made circularly polarized in opposite senses by means of two properly oriented quarter wave retardation plates placed at appropriate positions, one inside and other outside the interference cavity of the interferometer, and phase shifts are introduced between the object and the reference/master waves by varying angular orientation of a polarizer/analyzer. Final result is made free from any residual wave-front aberrations introduced by the (intra-cavity) wave plate by subtracting phase values obtained by PSI technique between a high optical quality master surface and the reference surface from that obtained for the test object surface with respect to the same reference surface for each point of the interference field. Results are shown for a plane surface.Advantages of the technique presented are linearity and high accuracy in phase stepping, no perturbation of the interference cavity during the phase shifting and possibility of real time or dynamic interferometry.     

偏光干涉对光纤陀螺性能的影响

从光纤陀螺光学系统缺陷角度,研究了由于光纤陀螺保偏光纤融接误差及光学器件的不完善引起的偏光干涉效应,理论分析并实验研究了偏光干涉效应对传输光谱的影响及其对光纤陀螺性能的影响。研究表明,在当前的技术条件下,偏光干涉效应对光纤陀螺的标度因数影响可以忽略,偏光干涉不影响一般意义下的光源相干长度,但是却导致光源相干特性的变化,反应在相干图上出现了多个干涉衬比度峰值,这会降低宽谱光源的短相干长度特性给光纤陀螺带来的好处,由此也说明不能仅由相干长度这一个参量描述光源的相干特性。     

测量光纤折射率分布还原算法的研究

用透射式微分干涉法测量光纤内部折射率分布,其原理是利用旋转检偏器对测量光束进行调制,从相位分布和光程分布中计算出折射率分布。其中,从光程分布中解算出折射率分布的算法是关键。讨论了该算法的数学模型,推导了测量公式,并对算法的稳定性和误差进行了分析。利用自行研制的系统对渐变折射率分布光纤进行实测,与在NR 9200光纤测量仪上的结果进行了比较,对主要误差源进行了分析和计算机模拟。实测和模拟计算结果表明,该算法原理正确,系统稳定,测量精度优于10-3,完全可以用来测量光纤折射率分布。     

Optical fiber curvature sensor based on few mode fiber

An optical fiber curvature sensor based on interference between LP₀₁–LP₀₂ modes of a circularly symmetric few mode fiber (FMF) is presented. The device consists of two single-mode fiber and a 10-cm FMF. The two single-mode fiber is offset-spliced to each end of the FMF. When the optical fiber is kept straight and fixed, the interference pattern appears in the transmitted spectrum. As the fiber device is bent, the visibility of the interference fringes (at 1530 nm) decreases, reaching values close to 0.3. The dynamic range of the device can be tailored by the proper selection of the length of FMF. The relationship between the fringe visibility and the curvature is linear while the curvature is between 11 m⁻¹ and 16 m⁻¹. The result indicates that the compact sensor can be used in the measurement of large curvature, which is also important in structural health monitoring.     

三光路结构的调频连续波重采样测距方法

调频重采样是一种绝对测距技术。这种方法采用的光源波长随时间变化,形成一束宽光谱激光。激光在各时刻的波长通过辅助干涉装置进行测量,并对其中频率间隔相同的部分进行重采样,使调频测距系统具有较大的线性光谱带宽,较高的分辨率及精度。在实际测量过程中,测量装置本身及待测物都容易受到振动的影响,导致待测距离及辅助光纤长度发生变化,引入测距误差。针对这个问题,分析了振动对重采样测量结果产生的误差:(1)待测物的移动引入一个多普勒频移分量;(2)辅助光纤的振动使重采样频率也发生变化。为了弥补这两种误差,提出了一种三光路结构的补偿方法,在辅助光路中,使用一种光路结构简单小巧,且测量速度更快的全光纤马赫泽德干涉仪等效代替光谱仪,实时的监测信号光的瞬时频率。在测量光部分,在测量光路中引入两个部分反射镜产生两路补偿光信号,并通过FFT算法产生频谱。频谱的三个峰值分别与三路信号相对应。通过测量信号与其中一路补偿信号的峰值相减即可补偿多普勒误差,通过两路补偿信号的频率差与相对距离的比值即可得出实际的辅助光纤长度。实验证明,传统的重采样测距方法精度为23.6μm,三光路测距方法的精度可达到11μm,可见这种方法能够对系统的振动误差进行有效补偿。     

基于相位凝固技术的激光反馈干涉术

针对激光反馈干涉术,提出基于相位凝固技术的调制解调方法,用以提高位移测量的分辨率,并设计了利用相位调制器进行调制的位移测量系统.利用调制器进行外腔相位调制,采集调制相位相对固定的干涉光信号,通过解调重构得到被测的位移信息.进行了信号调制、采样、重构技术的研究以及误差分析,并通过仿真验证了方法的可行性.结果表明,采用5点相位凝固采样技术,测量准确度可以达到λ/20.此方法可提高激光反馈干涉术的测量分辨率,实现信号实时采集处理,可用于位移的实时测量.     

L波段高掺铒光纤超荧光光源

采用半导体激光二极管泵浦12cm长高掺铒光纤,在双程前向装置中,获得了10.8mW最大超荧光输出功率,斜率效率10.6%,在1553.1~1588.6nm接近36nm的范围内,功率抖动小于0.2dBm。作为比较,在相同实验条件下泵浦10cm长的高掺铒光纤,结果显示输出光谱带宽明显下降,C波段的放大自发辐射远大于L波段的,由此也证明了L波段的放大自发辐射是由C波段的放大自发辐射泵浦产生的。     

Remote and high precision step height measurement with an optical fiber multiplexing interferometric system

An optical fiber multiplexing low coherence and high coherence interferometric system, which includes a Fizeau interferometer as the sensing element and a Michelson interferometer as the demodulating element, is designed for remote and high precision step height measurement. The Fizeau interferometer is placed in the remote field for sensing the measurand, while the Michelson interferometer which works in both modes of low coherence interferometry and high coherence interferometry is employed for demodulating the measurand. The range of the step height is determined by the low coherence interferometry and the value of it is measured precisely by the high coherence interferometry. High precision has been obtained by searching precisely the peak of the low coherence interferogram symmetrically from two sides of the low coherence interferogram and stabilizing the Michelson interferometer with a feedback loop. The maximum step height that could be measured is 6 mm while the measurement resolution is less than 1 nm. The standard deviation of 10 times measurement results of a step height of 1 mm configurated with two gauge blocks is 0.5 nm.     

高精度动态光纤应变传感研究

传统的光纤应变传感技术无法在满足高精度和强环境适应性的同时实现稳定的动态应变传感.为了解决该问题,本文将光干涉原理应用于光纤应变传感,设计了一种强环境适应性的基于干涉结构的高精度光纤应变传感系统,基于扫频干涉信号的互相关系数,该系统可以稳定地探测应变.本文还提出一种动态探测算法,该算法弥补了系统只能探测较小应变的缺陷,大大提升了实际应变的探测范围,同时还实现了动态的应变检测;采用三次样条插值算法,提升了小应变探测的精度.理论分析和仿真模拟表明,在加入白噪声的信号信噪比为15dB时,插值后的探测精度是未插值探测精度的2.3倍,插值后本系统探测结果的最大误差只有约9nε.     

一种基于电光调制光频梳光谱干涉的绝对测距方法

提出了一种基于电光调制光学频率梳的光谱干涉测距方法.理论分析了电光调制光学频率梳的数学模型和光谱扩展原理,并分析得出了光谱干涉测距方法的非模糊范围和分辨力的影响因素.在实验中,使用三只级联的电光相位调制器调制单频连续波激光生成了40多阶高功率梳齿状边带,并通过单模光纤和高非线性光纤对电光调制器输出的激光进行光谱扩展,得到重复频率为10 GHz,光谱宽度达30 nm的光学频率梳.将该光频梳作为光谱干涉测距装置的光源,可以实现无"死区"的绝对距离测量.另外,使用等频率间隔重采样和二次方程脉冲峰值拟合算法对测量结果进行数据处理,可以修正系统误差,提升测距精度.实验结果表明,在1 m的测量范围内,使用该装置可以在任意位置达到±15μm以内的绝对测距精度.