激光诱导时间分辨固体表面荧光光谱系统

采用斜射式激发样品光路结构,设计了应用于测试时间分辨固体表面荧光光谱系统。利用该系统研究了氧化锌薄膜在355 nm激光脉冲激发下的时间分辨固体表面荧光光谱。结果表明,该系统能够实现测量时间分辨固体表面荧光光谱,并由此测量了样品的固体表面荧光寿命。该系统结构简单可靠,灵敏度高,响应速度快。     

采用532nm锁模激光研究量子阱中的带填充效应

采用532nm锁模脉冲激光和时间分辨测量系统测量了InGaAs/GaAa单量子阱在77K时,不同激发功率下的时间分辨光致发光谱.结果表明,在低激发功率时,阱中的发光峰的位置随时间变化不大.而在175mW激发时,发光峰在刚激发时就向短波移动10meV以上,然后随时间向长波移动.结果明确显示了存在于阱中的带填充效应.     

超快电子衍射系统的时间空间分辨能力研究及其优化

超快电子衍射技术是研究物质瞬态结构变化及超快结构动力学的有效手段.研制了国内第一套同时具有超快时间分辨及超高空间分辨能力的超快电子衍射系统,并研究了在该超快电子衍射系统上实现超快时间分辨及超高空间分辨能力的技术手段及其优化方法.实验结果表明：经过优化后该系统可以具有优于500 fs的时间分辨能力,其空间分辨能力达到0.04%的衍射峰位置变化,对应的晶面变化为0.0005?.该系统可以为实时测量超快光脉冲激发的物质瞬态结构变化,特别是为研究晶体材料的超快动力学行为提供了强有力的实验工具. 关键词： 超快电子衍射 空间分辨 时间分辨     

HpD肿瘤定位组份的时间分辨荧光光谱研究

采用微微秒激光作激发源的时间相关单光子计数系统测量了血卟啉衍生物的肿瘤定位组分(TLF)在缓冲液中不同阳离子表面活性剂浓度下的荧光衰减波形I(t)和时间分辨光谱I(λ,t).     

固/液界面原位红外显微镜和步进扫描时间分辨FTIR反射光谱及其在纳米材料科学中的应用

结合红外显微镜和步进扫描FTIR光谱仪 ,发展了固 /液界面电化学原位显微镜红外反射光谱和步进扫描快速时间分辨FTIR反射光谱 ,并应用于纳米材料特殊性能和电化学反应动力学的研究。研制纳米结构Pt微电极 ,获得CO吸附的红外特征随纳米结构和纳米尺度变化的原位显微镜红外谱图。利用纳米结构Pt微电极的异常红外效应 ,显著提高电化学原位红外反射光谱的灵敏度 ,获得分辨率达 5 0 μs的步进扫描时间分辨光谱。不仅发展了固 /液界面显微镜原位红外反射光谱新方法 ,并且拓展了电化学原位红外反射光谱在纳米材料科学研究中的应用。     

辐射致折射率变化用于MeV级脉冲辐射探测的初步研究

MeV级脉冲辐射的高时间分辨测量是惯性约束核聚变诊断领域迫切需要解决的难题,国际上尚无成熟的解决方案.利用脉冲辐射对半导体折射率的超快调制效应,有望建立新的解决方案.为研究体材料半导体折射率对MeV级脉冲辐射的响应规律,分析了系统输出与入射辐射强度的对应关系,分析了基于半导体折射率变化测量MeV级脉冲辐射系统的时间分辨的影响因素.基于自由载流子折射率调制原理,建立了半导体材料在MeV级脉冲辐射作用下折射率调制测量系统,整个系统的时间分辨1 ns.在最大能量为0.2 MeV的电子束和X射线束轰击下,本征GaAs折射率恢复时间约30 ns,比可见光激发下要长,分析其原因是高能激发下GaAs内部陷阱参与了载流子复合过程.X射线光子束轰击下,折射率建立时间比电子束轰击下长,光子沉积能量产生过剩载流子的时间过程可达到ns量级.基于建立的系统和分析方法,可对其他半导体在伽马脉冲辐射或电子束辐射作用下折射率变化开展系统的研究,为建立实际的可用于MeV级脉冲辐射测量的快响应探测系统奠定了基础.     

双光子激发时间分辨荧光光谱测量技术

建立了一台基于高重复频率扫描相机的双光子激发时间分辨荧光光谱测量系统，能够同时测量样品的荧光光谱和寿命. 该系统的时间分辨率为6.5—200ps，光谱分辨率为1—3nm，能够实现快速数据采集以及可靠和可重复的寿命和光谱测量. 利用标准荧光染料(若丹明6G、香豆素314)及其混合溶液对该系统进行了测试，所得到的荧光光谱分布和寿命值与文献报道一致. 实验结果表明，该系统能有效区分多组分荧光团. 这为鉴别多荧光团或多组分生物组织提供了一种独特的对比方法，可用于多光谱分辨荧光寿命成像和荧光共振能量转移成像等方面. 关键词： 荧光寿命 荧光光谱 双光子激发 高重复频率扫描相机     

高等植物光系统Ⅱ反应中心的亚纳秒时间分辨荧光光谱的测量

高等植物光系统Ⅱ是光合作用中的一个非常重要的单元,它是与裂解水放氧相关的功能结构,光系统Ⅱ反应中心是进行光化学反应的场所,在其内部发生的光能的吸收、激发态的传递、电荷的分离重组以及迁移等等过程,都是在非常短的时间里发生的,其时间尺度在10^-15～10^-7s之间,本文建立了亚纳秒时间分辨荧光光谱测量装置,并对菠菜光系统Ⅱ反应中心蛋白复合体D₁/D₂/cyt b─559,在不同波长激发下的时间分辨荧光光谱进行了测量,经过解卷积和多指数数据拟合,获得4个寿命组分,并对结果进行了分析讨论,指出在不同的激发波长激发下的荧光衰减曲线的差异可能源于被激发的组分不同和能量传递路径的不同.     

低强度飞秒激光激发下CdTe和CdTe/CdS核壳量子点的荧光上转换研究

利用400 nm和800 nm不同波长的低强度飞秒激光,对CdTe和CdTe/CdS核壳量子点溶胶进行激发,研究其稳态和时间分辨荧光性质.800 nm飞秒激光激发下,CdTe和CdTe/CdS核壳量子点产生上转换发光现象,上转换荧光峰与400 nm激发下的荧光峰相比蓝移最多达15 nm,而且蓝移值与荧光量子产率有关.变功率激发确认激发光功率与上转换荧光强度间满足二次方关系,时间分辨荧光的研究表明荧光动力学曲线服从双e指数衰减.提出表面态辅助的双光子吸收模型是低激发强度上转换发光的主要机理.CdTe和CdT 关键词： CdTe量子点 CdTe/CdS核壳量子点 时间分辨荧光 上转换荧光     

同步辐射时间分辨荧光光谱技术

时间分辨光谱技术是研究原子、分子和凝聚态物质的激发动力学，特别是研究发光动力学的有力工具，文章主要介绍以同步辐射为激发光源研究时间分辨光谱的两种方法－时间相关单光子计数法和相移调制法，并比较了两者的优缺点。还讨论了同步辐射光源与其他激发光源相比的特点。     

The effect of silver nanoparticles on the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin of purple membranes of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Halobacterium salinarum</Emphasis>

The effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that are adsorbed on the surface of the purple membranes of Halobacterium salinarium bacteria on the optical properties and functional peculiarities of the lightsensitive protein bacteriorhodopsin (BR) has been demonstrated for the first time. Two mechanisms of the effect of AgNPs on the protein photocycle have been demonstrated using Raman scattering, giant Raman scattering, flash photolysis, and atomic force microscopy. It has been shown that the nanoparticles in the immediate spatial vicinity of BR fix its photocycle at the stage where it was at the moment of interaction with the nanoparticles. At greater distances, which reach three radii of an AgNPs, they have a weaker effect on BR, under which it retains the ability to be involved in the photocycle, however, has its parameters significantly changed. Thus, in the case of wild-type BR the photocycle accelerates and for the BR-D96N mutant it becomes slower. The data that are obtained could be of significance for creation of such optoelectronic hybrid systems with BR, where the parameters of its photocycle can be controlled using NPs. The results of the study may also be used in the field of nanobioengineering research, which is directed to creation of unique materials with controlled properties for recording and storage of information, energy transformation, and identification and characterization of trace amounts of analytes.     

Fast-field-cycling NMR: Applications and instrumentation

Magnetic field cycling in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments has been used since the early days of NMR. Originally such time-dependent magnetic field experiments were motivated to study cross relaxation, spin system thermodynamics and indirect detection of quadrupolar resonance. The first apparatus used mechanical or pneumatic systems to shoot the sample between two magnets, the typical “flying time” being a few hundreds of milliseconds. As a natural evolution of the experimental technique and the need to extend its application to samples with higher relaxation rates, faster magnetic field switching devices were developed during the last years. Special electric networks combined with sophisticated air core magnets allowed one to switch magnetic fields between zero and fields of the order of 0.5 T in a few milliseconds. Today we refer to this new generation of instruments as “fast-field-cycling” devices. The technique has been successfully used during the last years to obtain information on the molecular dynamics and order in different materials, ranging from organic solids, metals, polymers, liquid crystals, porous media to biological systems. At present it is also turning to be an important tool for the design of contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Fast field cycling was mainly oriented toT ₁ relaxometry as a unique technique offering a dynamic window of several decades, ranging from few kilohertz to several megahertz. However, there exist less conventional applications of the technique that can also provide relevant information concerning molecular dynamics, structure and molecular order. In this article we will briefly deal with basic aspects of the technique, its evolution, present-day relevant applications and the last improvements concerning specialized instrumentation.     

垂直极化平行板有界波电磁脉冲模拟器辐射近场的快速估算方法

为快速估算出垂直极化平行板有界波电磁脉冲(EMP)模拟器的时域近场,将散射传递函数法应用于该类型模拟器近场的时域计算中,即对于给定的脉冲源,先寻找有效频谱范围能覆盖该源的高斯脉冲源,并应用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法计算该高斯脉冲源激励时模拟器中测试点场的时域响应,再利用傅里叶变换、系统的传递函数及傅里叶逆变换计算得到给定脉冲源激励时各测试点场的瞬态响应。所得计算结果与直接使用给定脉冲源激励时FDTD方法的计算结果符合较好。所述方法可用于同一模拟器在不同脉冲源激励时辐射近场的快速估算,能大大减少FDTD模拟计算的次数,尤其对于中大型模拟器能有效减少计算时间和内存。     

Design of an automated particle sizing apparatus

The ability of fast transient electric birefringence data to measure directly the size distribution for non-spherical particles in the micron and sub-micron range has been appreciated for a number of years. As no commercial system exists, this paper gives practical details of a compact, safe and accurate apparatus to enable laboratory analysts to design, construct and use a system of their own. The method is fast, and the size data are accurate to within ten percentage points.     

Stark Effect of Polarons in Parabolic Quantum Wells

We report the study of Stark effect of polarons in infinite parabolic quantum wells under an electric field, taking into account the effects of interaction with bulk LO-phonons. The electron-phonon interaction and the.effective mass in the plane perpendicular to the growth direction for excited states of free polarons have been calculated as functions of the degree of confinement. The general behavior of the excited states is found to be in agreement with previous works on the ground state. It is shown that in the limit of strong confinement the differences in electron-phonon interaction and effective mass between the ground state and excited states vanish. Although the applied electric field has no effect on the electronphonon interaction or the effective mass of a free polaron system, our numerical results for an AlGaAs parabolic quantum well have demonstrated its significance in determining the coupling of electrons with bulk LO-phonons of bound polaron systems.     

高速动光弹系统及其应用

高速动光弹仪是动态光弹性研究的有效诊断工具,主要用于记录各种结构在动载荷作用下,不同瞬间的应力条纹图像。研究应力波的传播规律,裂纹扩展过程,固体高速变形等。通常的动光弹仪为多火花式动光弹仪。国外也有采用静态光弹仪与转镜式高速分幅相机结合的系统。我们研究调试的动光弹系统,是在高速纹影系统中加入偏振光场,即静态光弹系统、纹影系统与转镜式高速分幅相机结合。在雷管动载荷作用下,应用高压脉冲氙灯光源,单色圆偏振光亮场,获得了不同光弹模型的清晰应力条纹图像。给出应力波的传播过程和孔附近产生的应力集中现象。该系统具有摄影频率高、曝光时间短、测试灵敏度高、适于强载荷、远距离研究大尺寸光弹模型,同时具有透射式和反射式光学系统等特点。从而为动态光。弹性研究提供了有效的测试技术和诊断系统。     

Electrically controllable microlens array fabricated by anisotropic phase separation from liquid-crystal and polymer composite materials

Anisotropic phase separation has been used to fabricate an electrically switchable microlens array from nematic liquid crystals. Nematic liquid-crystal-based microlens arrays have been built with diameters of approximately 400 microm and natural focal lengths as small as 1.6 mm. The focal length of each microlens in the array can be changed in milliseconds by an applied electric field. These devices, which have no internal substructures to scatter light, offer higher efficiency and greater light throughput than polymer dispersed devices.     

Influence of an electric field on the ferromagnetic resonance in a plane-layered magnetic system

The influence of an electric field on the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in a multilayer magnetic system consisting of two magnetic layers separated by a thin nonmagnetic interlayer has been investigated. It has been shown that, upon the excitation of magnetization oscillations by a microwave magnetic field, the eigenfrequencies of the ferromagnetic resonance depend on the stationary electric field applied in the plane of the layers. It has also been demonstrated that, in this system, high-frequency magnetization oscillations can be excited by an electric microwave field. The results of the investigation of the polarization properties of the excitation mechanism indicate that this effect can be observed experimentally.     

Non-thermal rotational and vibrational excitation of CN produced in the flash photolysis of thiazole

In the flash photolysis of thiazole at low pressure without any diluent, the 0–0, 1–1 and 0–1 bands of the CN violet system were observed in absorption; the 0–0 band at 3883·4 Å showed a high rotational excitation corresponding to a temperature of ?2000 K. The addition of argon makes the NCS bands appear with good intensity and at the same time relaxes the CN rotationally and vibrationally. These observations suggest that highly excited NCS is initially formed in the photodecomposition of thiazole which acted as a precursor to the rotationally and vibrationally excited CN radical. This paper deals with studies on the effect of argon on the relative intensities of CN and NCS and on the non-thermal rotational and vibrational intensity distribution of the CN violet system. The mechanism of formation of rotationally unrelaxed CN in the flash photolysis of thiazole has been proposed.     

The-effective directivity characteristic of a pulsed ultrasound transducer and its measurement by semi-automatic means

A simple electronic apparatus for plotting the effective directivity characteristics of pulsed, or continuously excited, ultrasound (1–10 MHz) transducers has been built. Beam profiles are plotted by recording a dc signal, derived from the peak amplitude of either the echo from a steel ball or the signal from a small hydrophone, as a function of position in the acoustic field. An additional capability of direct plotting of isoamplitude contours provides a particularly easy and informative means of recording and displaying the acoustic field.The apparatus has been used to investigate the relationship, in grey scale imaging systems, between dynamic range compression characteristics and effective display resolution. It is shown that, so long as the gain characteristics of the system remain constant, the display resolution capability is inversely related to the strength of the scatterers to be visualized.