Mo活化NH3的自旋禁阻反应机理

采用密度泛函理论的UB3LYP方法,计算研究了气相中Mo活化NH3的反应机理。为了理解由Mo活化NH3过程中自旋翻转行为,对自旋态分别为七、五、三和单等4个反应势能面进行了计算研究,其结果表明,Mo活化NH3的过程是通过各自旋态势能面交叉产生的典型的自旋禁阻反应,最低能量交叉点(MECPs)附近的系间窜越导致2步H转移和脱H2反应能垒降低。此外运用自然键(NBO)轨道理论分析了反应中较为重要的几个物种的成键特性。通过计算在最低能量交叉点(MECPs)附近不同自旋态之间的自旋-轨道耦合常数,再运用Landau-Zener跃迁几率公式估算了MECPs处系间窜越几率。所确定的最低能量反应路径为:7Mo+NH3→7IM1→7/5MECP1→5TS12→5IM2→5/3MECP2→3TS23→3IM3→3TS34→3IM4→3HMoN+H2。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备MoO3-CeO2-SiO2氧化脱硫催化剂

采用溶胶.凝胶法制备了MoO3-CeO2-SiO2复合氧化物催化剂,通过X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱对催化剂进行了表征.在温和条件(40℃,常压)下,以过氧化羟基异丙苯(CHP)为氧化剂,甲苯为溶剂,二苯并噻吩(DBT)为模型硫化物,在固定床流动反应器上考察了该复合氧化物催化剂的氧化脱硫反应性能,并研究了催化剂中Mo/Si和Ce/Si摩尔比对反应活性的影响.结果表明,Mo物种主要以MoO3的形式存在,最佳Mo/Si和Ce/si摩尔比分别为0.1和0.02.适量CeO2的引入可以提高SiO2上MoO3的分散度.不含CeO2的催化剂中钼主要以高价态的钼离子(Mo6+)存在,添加CeO2后,可能有一定量的低价态的钼离子(MO3+)生成,MoO3-CeO2-SiO2催化剂高的氧化脱硫活性可能与Mo5+的存在有关.     

Nd_(1-y)Dy_yFe_(11-x)TiM_x(M=Mo,Si)系列化合物中Mo,Si元素的掺杂对其结构及磁性能的影响

通过电弧方法制备了一系列的Nd1-yDyyFe11-xTiMx(M=Mo,Si)型稀土过渡金属化合物,并且通过X射线衍射和中子衍射对其晶体结构进行了研究.实验发现,Nd1-yDyyFe11-xTiMx(M=Mo,Si)系列中化合物主要结构为ThMn12-type(1︰12相).Dy取代Nd没有明显影响1︰12相形成的含量.在Nd0.5Dy0.5Fe11-xTiMx(M=Mo,Si)系列中,当x≤0.8时Nd0.5Dy0.5Fe11-xTiMox化合物主要呈ThMn12-type晶形,当x0.8时,化合物中1︰12相的含量降至80%以下;对于Nd0.5Dy0.5Fe11-xTiSix,当x≤0.6时,Nd0.5Dy0.5Fe11-xTiSix化合物主要呈ThMn12-type晶形,当x0.6时,化合物中1︰12相的含量降至90%以下但保持在80%以上.在不同的化合物中,稳定元素的含量不同.ThMn12-type相的百分含量随着Mo和Si取代Fe含量的增加而减小,意味着Mo和Si取代更多的Fe时,ThMn12-type相将变得不稳定.Nd0.5Dy0.5Fe11-xTiMox化合物的晶格参数a和c以及晶胞体积V随着Mo(x)含量的增加呈线性增加是因为Mo的原子半径比其中的Fe的大;而Nd0.5Dy0.5Fe11-xTiSix合金的晶格参数a和c以及晶胞体积V随着Si(x)含量的增加呈线性减小是因为Si的原子半径比其中的Fe的小.在NdyDy1-yFe11-xTiMx(M=Mo,Si)中,因为Ti和Mo的半径比Fe大而Si的半径比Fe小,所以Ti和Mo原子优先占据8i晶位,Si原子优先占据8j和8f晶位.在化合物RFe12-xMx中,居里温度由T-T交换作用决定的,由于T-T交换作用依赖于T-T原子距离,因此其他元素对Fe的取代导致了居里温度的改变.磁性测量表明Mo或Si取代Fe均导致居里温度的降低.     

氧化钼在CH4/H2气氛中还原碳化机理研究

采用TG-DTA技术研究了MoO3在CH4/H2气氛中的还原碳化行为,考察了程序升温速率和还原碳化终点温度对氧化钼还原碳化行为的影响,并探索适宜的还原碳化条件。结果表明,在1℃/min的程序升温条件下,MoO3在CH4/H2气氛中经三段失重过程被还原碳化为Mo2C,相应的反应历程为MoO3→MoO2→MoOxCy→Mo2C,适宜的还原碳化终点温度为675℃;程序升温速率升至2℃/min以上时,MoO3在CH4/H2气氛中的反应历程为MoO3→MoO2→Mo＋MoOxCy→Mo2C,且随程序升温速率的增大,第二段失重过程中金属Mo的生成量增大,还原碳化反应的始、终点温度升高。提高还原碳化终点温度,MoO3在CH4/H2气氛中的还原碳化反应规律相同,但过高的还原碳化温度会引起有机烃类分解生炭反应的发生,沉积在催化剂的表面,导致制备的碳化钼催化剂表面积炭增多,比表面积降低,从而引起催化活性的下降。     

BO3－3／Mo－MCM－41的制备及其对2－甲氧基萘乙酰化反应的催化性能

 制备了Mo－MCM－41中孔分子筛，并将BO3－3引入到分子筛中制得BO3－3／Mo－MCM－41催化剂．采用XRD，FT－IR，ESR，BET和NH3－TPD对分子筛催化剂的结构及酸强度进行了表征．结果表明，Mo－MCM－41和BO3－3／Mo－MCM－41具有中孔分子筛的特征，有良好的长程有序 性和结晶度；但Mo并未进入分子筛骨架内部而是在分子筛表面以MoO2的形式存在；BO3－3附着于Mo－MCM－41分子筛上形成强酸中心．将BO3－3／Mo－MCM－41用于催化2－甲氧基萘乙酰化反应，考察了催化剂用量、Si／Mo比及BO3－3的引入方式对该反应性能的影响，发现BO3－3／Mo－MCM－41对2－甲氧基萘乙酰化反应具有良好的催化性能．     

三(三甲硅基)环戊二烯基三羰基钼负离子的反应性

三(三甲硅基)环戊二烯基三羰基钼负离子锂盐[{η^5-(Me~3Si)~3C~5H~2}Mo(CO)~3]^-Li^+(1), 分别与MeI、phCH~2Cl及ClCH~2COOC~2H~5反应生成相应的烃基化钼衍生物[{η^5-(Me~3Si)~3C~5H~2}Mo(CO)~3R,] (R=-CH~3, 2; -CH~2ph, 3;-CH~2COOC~2H~5, 4)。1与PCl~3反应除得到预期的钼氯化物[{η^5-(Me~3Si)~3C~5H~2}Mo(CO)~3Cl](5)外, 主要得到钼磷氯化物[{η^5-(Me~3Si)~3C~5H~2}Mo(CO)~3PCl~2] 6; 1与碘反应得到钼碘化物[{η^5-(Me~3Si)~3C~5H~2}Mo(CO)~3I] 7; 1与HOAc作用后分别和CCl~4、NBS室温反应, 仅分离到脱去一个Me~3Si的钼卤化物[{η^5-(Me~3Si)~2C~5H~2}Mo(CO)~3X], (X:Cl, 8; Br, 9)。     

La2O3对Mo5Si3/MoSi2复合材料的改性研究

通过粉末冶金方法制备了Mo5Si3/MoSi2和La2O3/Mo5Si3/MoSi2复合材料,探讨了其烧结工艺.检测了其密度、维氏硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性,运用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜（SEM）研究了La2O3对Mo5Si3/MoSi2复合材料显微结构和力学性能的改性影响.结果表明,La2O3/Mo5Si3/MoSi2复合材料的合理烧结温度为1600 ℃,比MoSi2材料提高了100 ℃; 稀土氧化物的加入细化了晶粒,且明显提高了材料的致密度、维氏硬度和抗弯强度; 其强化机制为细晶强化和弥散强化; 韧化机制为细晶韧化、裂纹偏转、裂纹分支和微桥接.     

不同Si/Al比对Mo/ZSM-5催化性能的影响

采用浸渍法在不同Si／Al比的HZSM-5上制备了3种MoO3含量相同的Mo／ZSM-5样品，并在相同的实验条件下对其进行了活性测试，同时运用XRD、XPS、NO—TPD等技术分别对催化剂的体相和表面结构进行了表征．实验结果表明，Si／Al比对Mo／ZSM-5上NO的选择性催化还原性能有明显的影响，Si／Al比为28的1#样品其转化率在530℃达到94％以上，而Si／Al比较大的2#和3#样品最高转化率只有48％和41％．对3种Mo／ZSM-5样品的XRD表征只发现有HZSM-5和MoO3两种物相存在，分子筛骨架差异不大；而XPS表征却发现1#样品的表面M03d5／2含量远大于2#和3#样品，并且有Mo^4 和(或)Mo＼ 5 存在，表明3种样品的表面性质存在很大差异．在3种样品中，1#样品具有最大的NO吸附能力，这与表面特性差异相吻合．     

Ti-Si介孔分子筛的转晶与控制

以季铵盐型阳离子Gemini表面活性剂[C16H33(CH3)2N+(CH2)6N+(CH3)2C16H33]•2Br−(GEM16-6-16)为模板剂, 改变n(Ti)/n(Si)比值, 合成了系列Ti-Si介孔分子筛. X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表征结果表明, 在n(Ti)/n(Si)≤0.20时, 分子筛为高度有序六方介孔; 当 n(Ti)/n(Si)为 0.30时, 介孔转晶为立方相; 当n(Ti)/n(Si)为0.50时, 介孔转晶为层状相; n(Ti)/n(Si)为1.0时, 材料失去有序孔道结构. FT-IR分析表明, 在分子筛骨架间形成了Ti—O—Si键, 而且Ti—O—Si键的数目随n(Ti)/n(Si)的增加而增加, 达到一定饱和值后基本保持不变. 乙醇和丁醇对纯硅基介孔分子筛孔结构转晶控制作用呈现六方相→立方相→层状相递变规律, 因而钛酸正丁酯水解生成的丁醇对Ti-Si介孔分子筛转晶具有一定的控制作用.     

添加元素对AB2型Laves相合金电化学性能的影响

比较系统地研究了AB2型Laves相合金Zr0.9Ti0.1Ni0.1Mn0.7V0.3M0．1(M=None，Ni．Mn．V．Co．Cr．Al．Fe，Mo．Si．C．Zn，Cu和B)的相结构和电化学性能以及高温和低温放电性能等．结果表明．14种合金均具有六方C14型Laves相的主相晶体结构．同时，含有少量立方Cl5型Laves相和一些由Zr9Ni11及ZrNi组成的非Laves相；添加V和Mn可提高AB2合金的放电容量；添加B和Mn则显著提高了AB2合金的高倍率放电性能和低温放电容量；添加Al，C．Si和Co对合金电极的循环稳定性改善明显；而Mn．Ni．V．Fe．Cu．Mo和B等却不同程度地降低了循环稳定性；添加Si．Mo，V，Cr和Al可明显改善合金电极的自放电性能；添加Si．Cr．V可显著改善AB2合金电极的高温放电性能．讨论了各种添加元素影响合金性能的可能原因．     

Characterization of ultra smooth interfaces in Mo/Si-multilayers

The interface structure of Mo/Si-multilayers prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) on Si substrates at room temperature has been investigated. Already the in-situ ellipsometer data acquired during film growth indicate a particular behaviour of this material system that is caused by reaction/diffusion processes of the condensing atoms. MoSi(x) interlayers are formed both at the Mo on Si- and at the Si on Mo-interfaces. The results of multilayer characterization carried out by SNMS and RBS show similar concentration profiles for both types of the interlayers. More detailed information about interface structure and morphology can be provided by HREM investigations. In the TEM micrographs of various multilayers prepared for different laser light wavelengths an improvement of layer stack quality, i.e. formation of abrupt interfaces, with increasing photon energy is observed. Layer stacks having almost ideally smooth interfaces were synthesized by UV-photon ablation. HREM micrographs of these multilayers show a pronounced separation of spacer and absorber layers. The roughness sigma(R) of the interfaces between the amorphous Si- and MoSi(x)-layers was determined by image analysis. On the average a level sigma(R) approximately 0.1 nm is found. There is no indication for roughness replication or amplification from interface to interface as it is known from the appropriate products of conventional thin film technologies.     

载体酸性对Mo/HZSM-5-Al2O3催化剂上烯烃歧化反应性能的影响

在固定床反应器上考察了Mo/HZSM-5-Al2O3催化剂上乙烯与2-丁烯歧化制丙烯反应的性能.结合X射线衍射、NH3程序升温脱附、吡啶吸附红外光谱、H2程序升温还原和程序升温氧化等表征结果发现,载体酸性的差异导致催化剂酸性和 Mo物种落位方式不同.载体酸性较强时,催化剂积炭严重,反应稳定性差;载体酸性较弱时,Mo物种...     

Geometries, stabilities, and growth patterns of the bimetal Mo2-doped Sin (n=9-16) clusters: a density functional investigation

The behaviors of the bimetal Mo-Mo doped cagelike silicon clusters Mo2Sin at the size of n=9-16 have been investigated systematically with the density functional approach. The growth-pattern behaviors, relative stabilities, and charge-transfer of these clusters are presented and discussed. The optimized geometries reveal that the dominant growth patterns of the bimetal Mo-Mo doped on opened cagelike silicon clusters (n=9-13) are based on pentagon prism MoSi10 and hexagonal prism MoSi12 clusters, while the Mo2 encapsulated Sin(n=14-16) frames are dominant growth behaviors for the large-sized clusters. The doped Mo2 dimer in the Sin frames is dissociated under the interactions of the Mo2 and Sin frames which are examined in term of the calculated Mo-Mo distance. The calculated fragmentation energies manifest that the remarkable local maximums of stable clusters are Mo2-doped Sin with n=10 and 12; the obtained relative stabilities exhibit that the Mo2-doped Si10 cluster is the most stable species in all different sized clusters. Natural population analysis shows that the charge-transfer phenomena appearing in the Mo2-doped Sin clusters are analogous to the single transition metal Re or W doped silicon clusters. In addition, the properties of frontier orbitals of Mo2-doped Sin (n=10 and 12) clusters show that the Mo2Si10 and Mo2Si12 isomers have enhanced chemical stabilities because of their larger HOMO-LUMO gaps. Interestingly, the geometry of the most stable Mo2Si9 cluster has the framework which is analogous to that of Ni2Ge9 cluster confirmed by recent experimental observation (Goicoechea, J. M.; Sevov, S. C. J. Am Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 4155).     

Au+(1S, 3D)与N2O(1Σ+)反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函B3LYP方法, O和N用6-311+G*基组, Au+用赝势基组(8s7p6d)/[6s5p3d], 研究了Au+(1S, 3D)离子和N2O(1Σ+)分子的反应机理. 报道了在基态单重态和激发三重态势能面上各反应物、中间体和过渡态的构型特征及能量. 结果表明, 两个主反应通道Au+(1S)+ N2O(1Σ+)→1NA-Complex-1→1NA-TS1→1NA-Complex-2→1NA-Crossing→[3OAuNN]+和Au+(1S)+ N2O(1Σ+)→1NB-Complex→1NB-Crossing→[AuNN(1Σ+)]++O(3P)都需经过反应交叉势能面, 出现“系间窜越”. 用内禀坐标单点计算垂直激发态的方法确定了势能面交叉点, 并用含时密度泛函TD-B3LYP方法进一步探讨了自旋翻转机理.     

镁热还原法制备有序介孔Si/C锂离子电池负极材料及其电化学性能

以SBA-15为前驱体,在660 ℃下通过镁热还原反应得到介孔硅材料,并对其进行碳包覆处理,成功地制备了有序介孔Si/C（OMP-Si/C）复合材料。该OMP-Si/C材料保留了SBA-15模板的有序蜂窝孔道,并且形成具有高堆积密度的莲藕链束结构。文中还提出了一个SBA-15镁热还原液态环境反应模型,探讨了660 ℃下硅的高度有序介孔与莲藕链束结构的形成机理。利用X射线衍射（XRD）仪、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、氮气吸脱附法及拉曼光谱对样品物相和微观形貌进行了表征。这种高度有序介孔Si/C复合材料具有优异的电化学性能,展现出其在第二代锂电池负极材料领域中的潜在应用价值。     

Chemical bonding in the crystal structure of 1-hydrosilatrane

A study has been made of the crystal and molecular structure of 1-hydrosilatrane HSi(OCH_2CH₂)₃N. The quantum chemical calculations of its crystal structure have been carried out. According to an estimate of the energy, the coordination bond N→Si is by 5 kcal mol^?1 stronger than that in the crystal of 1-methylsilatrane. The charge values calculated within the framework of the topological analysis of the electron density demonstrate that the electron density of the coordination bond N→Si is primarily transferred to the region of the equatorial bonds Si—O and, to a lesser extent, to the bond Si—H. On going from the isolated molecule of 1-hydrosilatrane to its crystal, the interatomic distance N—Si decreases, mainly owing to the weak intermolecular interaction C—H...O.     

四羰基二(五甲二硅基环戊二烯基)二钼的合成及反应

本文进一步报道四羰基二(五甲二硅基环戊二烯基)二铜的合成及反应, 五甲二硅基环戊二烯与六羰基钼在甲苯中加热回流9h, 即生成含Mo-Mo键的双核钼配合物1, 1在甲苯中进一步加热回流, 则发生脱羰而生成标题化合物。     

Kinetical Study of the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Catechol by Metals

In this paper, the kinetical study of catalytic hydrogenation of catechol over platinum metal catalysts in liquid phase under room temperature and one atmospheric pressure was investigated. Simple models “straight line” model 1 together with “triangle” model 2 were used to interpret for the change of compositions of samples traced during the reaction process, and the interpretation was found to be satisfactory. These models are as following: Model 1: consecutive reaction path catechol→2-hydroxycyclohexanone→cyclohexane-1,2-diol Model 2: catechol→cyclohexane-1, 2-diol directly was added to reaction path of model 1. The relative reaction rates during hydrogenation processes over ruthenium, rhodium, palladium and platinum were calculated too. It was also found that the strength of oxygen affinity with catalysts was the factor influenced the selectivity of reaction path and the stereoselectivity of cis and trans diol products.     

27Al和29Si MAS-NMR对Mo/HZSM-5催化剂的研究

使用＾２９Ａｌ固体离分辨核磁技术对甲烷无氧芳构化催化剂Ｍｏ／ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛进行了研究，发现ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛本体中仅含有少量非骨架Ａｌ，Ｍｏ物种与分子筛骨架Ａｌ的相互作用随Ｍｏ担载量以及焙烧的温度的升高而增加，在高温焙烧下，Ｍｏ物种会使分子筛骨架严重脱铝，并且生成Ａｌ２（ＭｏＯ４）３新相，最终导致分子筛骨架塌陷，催化性能下降。