NH3和SO3对硫酸氢铵和硫酸铵生成的影响

通过建立具有更精确的SO₃组分的实验室模拟烟气系统,同步研究了反应物浓度对硫酸氢铵和硫酸铵生成率和生成进度（生成速率）的影响。在实验浓度范围内,硫酸氢铵的开始生成温度为230-270℃,峰值温度为180-240℃,硫酸铵开始生成温度及峰值温度总体上比硫酸氢铵低40℃左右。硫酸氢铵的生成率明显高于硫酸铵,根据NH₃和SO₃浓度与物质的量比不同,烟温到120℃时,硫酸氢铵的生成率为64%-90%,硫酸铵的生成率为6%-15%,硫酸氢铵的生成率为硫酸铵的6-10倍。反应物浓度的增加会促进硫酸氢铵和硫酸铵的生成,且SO₃较NH₃更有利于硫酸氢铵的生成。硫酸氢铵和硫酸铵生成份额随温度的变化呈单峰状,且随着反应物浓度的增加,其峰值所在的温度区间逐渐升高。     

催化反应-示波极谱法测定痕量钒

在硫酸介质及100℃水浴加热条件下,钒(Ⅴ)对过硫酸铵氧化二苯羟乙酸生成二苯甲酮这一慢反应具有强烈的催化作用,据此拟定了一个测定8.0～100ng/ml钒的催化反应-示波极谱法,并用于测定铝合金及纯铝中钒的含量。     

硫酸铵颗粒沉积作用下A3钢的大气腐蚀行为

在温度为298 K,相对湿度为(85±5)％的条件下,对硫酸铵颗粒沉积后的A3钢的大气腐蚀行为进行了研究.腐蚀动力学曲线表明,沉积硫酸铵颗粒的A3钢试样比其空白试样的腐蚀更为严重.用IR、SEM/EDAX以及XPS分析研究了不同周期试样的结构和形貌,发现腐蚀主要沿着硫酸铵颗粒沉积的地方进行,随着腐蚀时间的延长,逐渐生成碱式硫酸铁盐,这些腐蚀产物减缓了A3钢腐蚀的速度.对硫酸铵颗粒沉积条件下A3钢的腐蚀机理进行了讨论.     

杜马斯燃烧法测定烟草中总氮的含量北大核心CSCD

烟草中总氮的含量对卷烟的感官质量有重要影响,烟草行业标准YC／T161-2002（（烟草及烟草制品总氮的测定连续流动法》^[1]中采用经典凯氏定氮法对样品进行消化,消化过程加入硫酸和氧化汞,存在安全隐患。文献[2]使用过氧化氢替代氧化汞测定烟草中总氮的含量,结果表明：过氧化氢可以替代氧化汞,但消化过程仍需加入硫酸,在400℃下保持80min,仍存在安全隐患。     

全自动凯氏定氮仪测定干旱区土壤中全氮含量

对采用全自动凯氏定氮仪测定干旱区土壤全氮量的方法以及实验中影响因素进行了研究,对消解时间和硫酸用量进行了选择性实验,结果表明,土壤中有机物在30min时消解完全,硫酸用量在10~15mL时为最佳,干旱区土壤中氮一般含量为(0.260±0.003)%(P=0.95)。方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)≤1%,用来测定硫酸铵标准物质,其检测结果与标准值基本吻合,检测的准确度和精密度都符合国家标准的要求。     

乳与乳制品中非蛋白氮含量的测定

用12%的三氯乙酸沉淀乳与乳制品中的原蛋白,过滤沉淀后,检测乳与乳制品中的非蛋白氮的含量.滤液经与硫酸铜、硫酸钾一同加热消化,使氮分解,分解出的氨与硫酸结合生成硫酸铵.然后碱化蒸馏使氨游离,用硼酸吸收后,用0.01 mol/L HCl滴定,根据酸的消耗量乘以换算系数,即为样品中非蛋白氮的含量.     

一种新的蛋白质总量测定方法：固定PH滴定法

本法根据弱酸在水溶液中各种形式的分布系数只与溶液ＰＨ有关的原理，先将含蛋白质样品消化成硫酸铵弱酸形式，再用一定浓度的氢氧化钠溶液滴定到某一固定ＰＨ值。利用试液中所含（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４量与滴定时消耗碱溶液体积成正比关系测定蛋白质总量。操作简单，快速，滴定剂不需标定浓度，也不需确定化学计量点。用本法和传统的凯氏定氮法对照测定大豆和花生样品中蛋白质总量，其结果相当吻合。     

双水相提取新疆圆柏果实中的总黄酮及抑制亚硝化反应的研究

本文采用超声集成丙醇-硫酸铵双水相体系提取新疆圆柏果实中总黄酮,并用分光光度法测定其含量。探讨了丙醇-硫酸铵双水相(醇-水)体系的形成及提取条件对总黄酮得率的影响,得到的最优条件为:醇-水比0.8∶1,硫酸铵的量8g,料液比1∶50;超声时间40min。结果表明,该方法可有效地从新疆圆柏实中提取总黄酮,在最优条件下提取率为11.33mg/g。在此条件下,圆柏果实总黄酮提取液对亚硝化反应的抑制能力接近抗坏血酸。     

测定食品及生物样品中微量锡的消化方法探讨

采用干灰化、硝酸-高氯酸、硝酸-硫酸-高氯酸和用硝酸过氧化氢微波消解4种消化方法消化样品,氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定食品及生物样品中微量锡。方法线性范围为20.0μg.L-1以内,相关系数为0.999 8,经过比较,微波消解和硝酸-硫酸-高氯酸消解方法较理想,回收率分别为98.2%~101.4%和97.4%~102.8%,相对标准偏差分别为2.39%~3.85%和3.25%~3.82%。只测定锡时,微波消解和硝酸-硫酸-高氯酸消解法均可,但如锡与其他微量元素需要同时测定,为避免引入有干扰的硫酸根,以用硝酸-过氧化氢微波消解为好。     

催化动力学自动电位滴定法测定痕量铜

铜是人体必须的微量元素之一,人体内铜含量的高低与铁的代谢密切相关,缺铜常会引起贫血病.因此,研究人发、指甲中铜的测定具有实际意义.近年来,关于催化光度法和催化电位法测定铜已有文献报道.而用CU(Ⅱ)催化过二硫酸铵氧化抗坏血酸的自动电位滴定法测定铜未见文献报道.试验发现,过二硫酸铵氧化抗坏血酸的反应极慢,但有痕量铜存在时,铜能灵敏地催化过二硫酸铵氧化抗坏血酸的反应:(NH_4)_2S_2O_4+C_6H_3O_6(?)H_2SO_4(NH_4)_2SO_4+C_6H_6O_6本文提出,依靠自动电位滴定仪,恒定体系酸度,用0.1mol·L~(-1)氢氧化钠溶液自动跟踪滴定催化反应进程中生成的硫酸:     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Effect of the Method of Modification of Zeolite X on Selectivity of Catalytic Methylation of Toluene

Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry - The effect of the method of modification of catalysts based on zeolite X by cesium and magnesium cations (ion exchange and impregnation) on the selectivity...     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Synthesis of tetrabenzoporphins of the basis of isoindoline

Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds -