VA族元素对阳极铅(II)氧化物膜半导体性质的影响(II)

用光电化学电流法研究了铅、铅砷、铅锑和铅铋合金在4.5 mol·L~(-1) H_2SO_4溶液(22 ℃)中，以0.9 V(vs．Hg/Hg_2SO_4)极化7 h而形成的阳极膜中的氧化铅的半导体性质，合金添加剂砷、锑和铋对t-PbO(四方氧化铝)和o-PbO(斜方氧化铝)的禁带宽度没有影响，从量子效率和电位的关系可求Pb，Pb-lat％As(at％表示原子百分比，全文同)，Pb-lat％Sb和Sb－lat％Bi上膜中t－Pbo的施主密度(N_D)分别为9.3×10~(15)，1.0×10~(16)，3.1×10~(16)和1.3×10~(17) cm~(-3)，平带位分别为-0.20，－0.22，－0.28和-0.08 V(vs．Hg/Hg_2SO_4)．比较VA元素砷、锑和铋对上述膜中t-PbO的N_D(从而自由电子密度)和膜中t-PbO的生长速率的影响，可认为法添加剂砷、锑和铋对阳极膜中t-PbO的作用符合Hauffe规则．     

镁合金阳极氧化膜的结构、成分及其耐蚀性

采用电压-时间曲线、膜厚-时间曲线、X射线衍射法、扫描电镜、能量色散谱仪、X射线光电子能谱法、全浸腐蚀实验和极化曲线等方法分别研究了AZ91D铸镁合金阳极氧化成膜动力学过程、阳极氧化膜的表面形貌、结构、元素组成、元素价态以及相成分和膜层的耐蚀性.结果表明,在阳极氧化的4个阶段中,由于各个阶段所生成膜的厚度、结构和成分等均不同,因此膜的耐蚀性相差很大;镁合金阳极氧化时耐蚀性最好的膜层是在阳极氧化过程中的第阶段和第阶段的交界处所生成的膜层;镁合金阳极氧化膜中含有Mg,O,Si,B和少量的Al,Na元素,膜层主要由MgO,MgSiO₃和Mg3B2O6组成.     

纳米多孔阳极氧化铁膜的形成及其形貌演变

阳极氧化法制备具有纳米多孔结构的阳极氧化铁膜因其潜在的应用价值而倍受关注。然而,在阳极氧化过程中多孔结构的形成机制至今尚不清楚。本文结合电流密度-电位响应（I-V曲线）及法拉第定律的推导,分析了形成纳米多孔阳极氧化铁膜的过程中阳极电流的组成。结果表明,离子电流（导致离子迁移形成氧化物）和电子电流（导致析出氧气）共同组成阳极电流,并且纳米多孔阳极氧化铁膜的形成与两种电流的占比相关。分段式氧化物之间的空腔以及在阳极氧化初期纳米孔道上覆盖的致密膜,表明氧气泡可能是从氧化膜内部析出。此时,阳离子和阴离子绕过作为模具的氧气泡实现传质,最终导致纳米多孔结构的形成。此外,在阳极氧化铁膜形貌演变过程中,氧气泡不断向外溢出会使表面氧化物被冲破,导致表面孔径不断增大。     

复合稀土铝阳极氧化膜的耐蚀性研究

用金属氧化物前驱体法,在前处理阶段添加稀土再进行阳极氧化,获得了Nd和Ce改性的铝阳极氧化膜.稀土含量在靠近氧化膜/基体界面处达到0.9%左右,由内向外逐渐降低,氧化膜外表面处的含量约为0.5%.稀土前处理后制备得到的阳极氧化膜耐蚀性能比普通硫酸阳极氧化膜有明显提高,其中Ce改性的氧化膜作用尤为明显;经过NaCl溶液浸泡15 d以后,经稀土改性的阳极氧化膜仍然保持良好的耐腐蚀性.稀土引入后,阳极氧化膜的孔径变小,膜更加致密,显微硬度提高.XPS测试表明氧化膜中的稀土Ce以CeO2和Ce2O3形式存在,而Nd以Nd2O3形式存在.阻抗测试表明氧化膜阻挡层的阻抗值增大,说明稀土除了改变氧化膜生长机制外,也可能通过掺杂作用改变氧化膜结构.     

电化学方法分析铅阳极膜的相组成

本文提出使用线性电位扫描和电位衰退定性和定量分析铅在4.5mol·dm^-^3H2SO4(30℃)中形成的阳极膜的相组成并与现场X射线衍射, 原子吸收光谱, 阳极溶出等法比较。结果表明电位扫描伏安曲线的峰电位和电位扫描至峰电位左右时电极开路后, 所得的稳定电位可用于阳极膜相组成的定性分析, 电位扫描伏安电线电流峰的面积可用于阴极膜相组成的定量分析。本文的阳极膜由PbO·PbSO4, PbO2和PbOn(2>n>1)组成, 以PbO·PbSO4为主要成份。     

阳极二氧化铅膜的阴极还原为硫酸铅的机理

应用旋转环盘电极, 和静止电极线性电位扫描法(LSV)研究铅上阳极PbO~2膜的阴极还原为PbSO~4的机理。实验结果表明相应于Pb盘上阳极膜中PbO~2还原时所产生的Pb-7w/oSb环电流是原先PbO~2膜生长时析出的氧扩散入膜中以及膜内的PbO~2微粒中的品种逸出而被还原所致。无可溶性中间体可被检出。扫速对静止Pb上阳极膜中PbO~2的LSV法还原的影响符合薄膜反应的规律。本文提出了上述反应机理。     

铅锑合金在硫酸溶液中的阳极膜I.早期阳极膜生长动力学

本文用线性电位扫描法(20mV.s-1),自I.2V(vs.Hg/Hg2SO4)扫描至-1.2V,研究了三种铅锑合金在3.5MH2SO4溶液中(30℃),经一定时间(60,600,1200,)和240Os)1.2V阳极极化形成的阳极膜,该阳极膜的主要成分可能是PbO.PbSO4,其表面为PbO2.本文摊导出与实验一致的此种阳极膜的生长学方程式,并利用该式测得氧原子在阳极膜中的扩散系数。     

VA族元素对阳极铅(Ⅱ)氧化物膜半导体性质的影响(Ⅱ)

用光电化学电流法研究了铅、铅砷、铅锑和铅铋合金在4．5mol·L－1H2SO4溶液（22℃）中，以0．9V（vs．Hg／Hg2SO4）极化7h而形成的阳极膜中的氧化铅的半导体性质，合金添加剂砷、锑和铋对t－PbO（四方氧化铝）和o-PbO（斜方氧化铝）的禁带宽度没有影响，从量子效率和电位的关系可求Pb，Pb－lat％As（at％表示原子百分比，全文同），Pb-lat％Sb和Sb－lat％Bi上膜中t－Pbo的施主密度（ND）分别为9．3×1015，1．0×1016，3．1×1016和1．3×1017cm-3，平带位分别为-0．20，－0．22，－0．28和-0．08V（vs．Hg／Hg2SO4）．比较VA元素砷、锑和铋对上述膜中t－Pbo的ND（从而自由电子密度）和膜中t－Pbo的生长速率的影响，可认为法添加剂砷、锑和铋对阳极膜中t-Pbo的作用符合Hauffe规则．     

铝阳极氧化膜纳米孔阵列结构的自组织过程分析

提出了在铝阳极氧化膜的生长过程中存在两种力的作用,一种是在阻挡层形成时就已经存在的由于基体铝与氧化铝之间晶格不匹配产生的内应力的作用,另一种是随着纳米孔的形成,存在于纳米孔内壁的表面张力的作用.铝阳极氧化膜纳米孔阵列的自组织过程是在这两种力的共同作用下进行的.这两种力的大小随着纳米孔形貌的变化而改变,当铝阳极氧化膜中的纳米孔呈规则的六角排列时,这两种力达到平衡,此时体系的能量也最低.     

铅锑合金在硫酸溶液中的阳极膜——Ⅰ.早期阳极膜生长动力学

本文用线性电位扫描法(20 mV·s~(-1)),自1.2 V(vs.Hg/Hg_2SO_4)扫描至-1.2V,研究了三种铅锑合金在4.5 MH_2SO_4溶液中(30℃),经一定时间(60,600,1200,和2400s)1.2 V 阳极极化形成的阳极膜.该阳极膜的主要成分可能是 PbO·PbSO_4,其表面为 PbO_2.本文推导出与实验一致的此种阳极膜的生长动力学方程式,并利用该式测得氧原子在阳极膜中的扩散系数.     

Effect of Sb on the properties of anodic Pb(Ⅱ) oxide film formed in alkaline solution

The composition and properties of the anodic films formed on Pb and Pb-3at.%Sb alloy at -0.10 V (vs. Hg/HgO) for 2.5 h in 0.1 mol.dm-3 NaOH solution (25℃) were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, open circuit decay curve, photocurrent technique, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the anodic film formed oh Pb mainly consists of t-PbO, while that on Pb-3at.%Sb consists of o-PbO, t-PbO and a small amount of orthorhombic Sb2O3. The dominant component of the film anodically grown on Pb-3at.%Sb for less than 5 min is o-PbO, however, t-PbO is the major component of the anodic film formed for 1 h or longer. It is established that Sb suppresses the growth of t-PbO. The anodic film formed on Pb-3at.%Sb is less porous than that on Pb. The bandgap energies of t-PbO and o-PbO in the films were determined by photocurrent measurements to be 1.83-1.84 eV and 2.60 eV, respectively.     

Effect of antimony on the reduction of anodic Pbo_2 film on Pb-Sb alloys in sulfuric acid solution

The reduction processes of anodic PbO2 films formed on Pb-Sb alloys in 4.5mol·dm-3 H2SO4 solution at 1.4 V(vs.Hg/Hg2SO4) for 1 h have been investigated by pho-tocurrent method,chronoamperometry,linear sweep voltammetry as well as X-ray diifractornetry.It was found that the reduction of most of the β-PbO2 and part of the α-PbO2 to PbSO4 can be completed within I s between 0.9 V and 1.0 V(vs.Hg/Hg2SO4) and proceeds much faster than that of the remaining a-PbO2 into photoactive α·PbOx (1相似文献   

胆红素LB膜的电化学行为研究

胆红素（BR）是存在于动物体内的一种重要生物物质，也是人和绝大多数哺乳动物体内血红蛋白等含铁卟啉化合物分解代谢的产物和代谢中间体。它是一种内源性抗氧化剂，对肝细胞的再生具有积极的作用，BR常以线状四吡咯或类卟啉结构的形式存在。胆红素及其金属配合物在水溶液犤１～６犦与有机介质（如DMF和DMSO）犤７～９犦中的电化学行为，文献上已有较多报道。前文犤１０～１２犦我们报道了胆红素可在不同亚相（酸性、中性及部分金属离子）表面形成Langmuir－Blodgett（LB膜）；在有磷脂存在时，其成膜性能更佳犤１３犦。由于LB膜同生…     

Measurement of the film tension of foam films in dynamic conditions

The method for direct measurement of the film tension of foam films has been developed with a view to measuring the film tension in dynamic conditions. The new method allows the determination of the dynamic film tension when the curvature radius, the contact line radius, and the area of the film increase or decrease with very different rates. Measurements with Newton black films from sodium dodecyl sulphate aqueous solution have been performed. The results show that in a wide range of variation rates of the film geometrical parameters the film tension remains constant.     

Drainage of the air-water-quartz film: experiments and theory

Experimental results of the kinetics of drainage of the trapped water film between an approaching air bubble and a quartz plate have been analysed using recent theoretical advances in formulating and solving the flow problem in deformable films. Excellent agreement is obtained between experimental data and a model that assumes the bubble-water interface is tangentially immobile in its hydrodynamic response. The coupling between hydrodynamic pressure, disjoining pressure and film deformation is critical in determining the dynamic behaviour of the drainage process. The Reynolds parallel film model that omits the effects of film deformation predicts results that are qualitatively incorrect.     

Electrochromic properties of polythiophene polyrotaxane film

The electrochromic properties of a polythiophene polyrotaxane film consisting of a polythiophene backbone wrapped by the tetra-cationic cyclophane, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene), were characterized. A naked reference polythiophene film, i.e., polythiophene without tetra-cationic cyclophane, was also characterized. The surface morphology and thickness of the film (L) were observed by atomic force microscopy. The surface of the naked reference polythiophene film has micrometer-scale polythiophene aggregates, which causes the darker color of the film and smaller color contrast in the electrochromic process. The polythiophene polyrotaxane gives a more homogeneous and brighter colored film owing to the suppression of molecular interactions between the polythiophene chains by the tetra-cationic cyclophanes. Potential-step chronoamperometric measurement provided the area density of the oxidizable sites (Γ) and the apparent diffusion coefficient of the charge transport in the film. From linear relationship between L and Γ, the concentrations of the oxidizable sites in the polythiophene polyrotaxane and naked reference polythiophene films were calculated to be 1.3 and 2.4 mmol cm(-3), respectively. Interestingly, the polythiophene polyrotaxane film afforded a significantly larger apparent diffusion coefficient than the naked reference polythiophene film. This result suggests that the rate-determining step of the charge transport is not the electron hopping between the polythiophene chains but the transport of charge-compensating counterions from the solvent into the polythiophene. We believe that the counteranions of the tetra-cationic cyclophane provide a pathway allowing the charge-compensating counteranions to migrate from the solvent to polythiophene. The polythiophene polyrotaxane film showed faster color change than the naked reference polythiophene film in the electrochromic reaction. These results indicate that our polythiophene polyrotaxane is a better electrochromic material than the naked reference polythiophene.     

Controllable preparation of nanosized TiO_2 thin film and relationship between structure of film and its photocatalytic activity

~~Controllable preparation of nanosized TiO_2 thin film and relationship between structure of film and its photocatalytic activity@魏刚$College of Material Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology! Beijing 100029,China @张元晶$College of Material Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology! Beijing 100029,China @熊蓉春$College of Material Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology! Beijing 100029,China~…     

Studies on the biaxial stretching of polypropylene film. V. Orientation mechanism of the one-step biaxially stretched film

The molecular orientation behavior during one-step biaxial stretching in air of a quenched, low crystalline film differs from that of a slightly crystallized, highly crystalline film. In the case of a quenched film a plot of ?Δn_ss versus \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ 1/\sqrt {va} $\end{document} is composed of three intersecting straight lines with different slopes, ?Δn_ss and v_A being the birefringence with respect to the normal to the film surface and the degree of stretching in area, respectively. On the other hand, ?Δn_ss of crystalline film changes somewhat differently. It does not increase up to fairly high stretching ratio. When a film with surface layers of different crystallinity was stretched biaxially, the relations between ?Δn_ss and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ 1/\sqrt {va} $\end{document} for the two surface layers differ, that is, a surface layer of low crystallinity shows a change of ?Δn_ss for the two surface layers differ, that is, a surface layer of low crystallinity shows a change of ?Δn_ss like that of a quenched film type and the surface layer of higher crystallinity, follows the behavior typical of highly crystalline film. However, a commercial film having different crystallinites on the two surface layers exhibits another type of ?Δn_ss change, which may be ascribed to the stress remaining frozen in the film in the manufacturing process. In addition, it is found that an Abbé refractometer can give the refractive indices of both the upper and lower surface layers of a film when the film structure is not the same on both surface layers.